diff --git a/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.test.ts b/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.test.ts
index 18ee3847f..2542d7a5d 100644
--- a/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.test.ts
+++ b/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ import {
   withNuqsTestingAdapter,
   type OnUrlUpdateFunction
 } from './adapters/testing'
-import { parseAsArrayOf, parseAsJson, parseAsString } from './parsers'
+import {
+  parseAsArrayOf,
+  parseAsInteger,
+  parseAsJson,
+  parseAsString
+} from './parsers'
 import { useQueryStates } from './useQueryStates'
 
 describe('useQueryStates', () => {
@@ -316,3 +321,64 @@ describe('useQueryStates: clearOnDefault', () => {
     expect(onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0]![0].queryString).toEqual('')
   })
 })
+
+describe('useQueryStates: dynamic keys', () => {
+  it('supports dynamic keys', () => {
+    const useTestHook = (keys: [string, string] = ['a', 'b']) =>
+      useQueryStates({
+        [keys[0]]: parseAsInteger,
+        [keys[1]]: parseAsInteger
+      })
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(useTestHook, {
+      wrapper: withNuqsTestingAdapter({
+        searchParams: '?a=1&b=2&c=3&d=4'
+      })
+    })
+    expect(result.current[0].a).toEqual(1)
+    expect(result.current[0].b).toEqual(2)
+    expect(result.current[0].c).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].d).toBeUndefined()
+    rerender(['c', 'd'])
+    expect(result.current[0].a).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].b).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].c).toEqual(3)
+    expect(result.current[0].d).toEqual(4)
+  })
+
+  it('supports dynamic keys with remapping', () => {
+    const useTestHook = (keys: [string, string] = ['a', 'b']) =>
+      useQueryStates(
+        {
+          [keys[0]]: parseAsInteger,
+          [keys[1]]: parseAsInteger
+        },
+        {
+          urlKeys: {
+            a: 'x',
+            b: 'y',
+            c: 'z'
+          }
+        }
+      )
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(useTestHook, {
+      wrapper: withNuqsTestingAdapter({
+        searchParams: '?x=1&y=2&z=3'
+      })
+    })
+    expect(result.current[0].a).toEqual(1)
+    expect(result.current[0].b).toEqual(2)
+    expect(result.current[0].c).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].d).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].x).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].y).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].z).toBeUndefined()
+    rerender(['c', 'd'])
+    expect(result.current[0].a).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].b).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].c).toEqual(3)
+    expect(result.current[0].d).toBeNull()
+    expect(result.current[0].x).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].y).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.current[0].z).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.ts b/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.ts
index 45e4cfa47..2a56be2ab 100644
--- a/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.ts
+++ b/packages/nuqs/src/useQueryStates.ts
@@ -81,20 +81,11 @@ export function useQueryStates<KeyMap extends UseQueryStatesKeysMap>(
       Object.fromEntries(
         Object.keys(keyMap).map(key => [key, urlKeys[key] ?? key])
       ),
-    [stateKeys, urlKeys]
+    [stateKeys, JSON.stringify(urlKeys)]
   )
   const adapter = useAdapter()
   const initialSearchParams = adapter.searchParams
   const queryRef = useRef<Record<string, string | null>>({})
-  // Initialise the queryRef with the initial values
-  if (Object.keys(queryRef.current).length !== Object.keys(keyMap).length) {
-    queryRef.current = Object.fromEntries(
-      Object.values(resolvedUrlKeys).map(urlKey => [
-        urlKey,
-        initialSearchParams?.get(urlKey) ?? null
-      ])
-    )
-  }
   const defaultValues = useMemo(
     () =>
       Object.fromEntries(
@@ -119,6 +110,29 @@ export function useQueryStates<KeyMap extends UseQueryStatesKeysMap>(
     internalState,
     initialSearchParams
   )
+  // Initialise the refs with the initial values
+  if (
+    Object.keys(queryRef.current).join('&') !==
+    Object.values(resolvedUrlKeys).join('&')
+  ) {
+    const { state, hasChanged } = parseMap(
+      keyMap,
+      urlKeys,
+      initialSearchParams,
+      queryRef.current,
+      stateRef.current
+    )
+    if (hasChanged) {
+      stateRef.current = state
+      setInternalState(state)
+    }
+    queryRef.current = Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.values(resolvedUrlKeys).map(urlKey => [
+        urlKey,
+        initialSearchParams?.get(urlKey) ?? null
+      ])
+    )
+  }
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const { state, hasChanged } = parseMap(