diff --git a/packages/e2e/next/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/next/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07952ea1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/next/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { testConditionalRendering } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy'
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/app/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState',
+  nextJsRouter: 'app'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/app/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates',
+  nextJsRouter: 'app'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState',
+  nextJsRouter: 'pages'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates',
+  nextJsRouter: 'pages'
+})
diff --git a/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryState/page.tsx b/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryState/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef9ff2ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryState/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+import { Suspense } from 'react'
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <Suspense>
+      <ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState />
+    </Suspense>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates/page.tsx b/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..923430312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/next/src/app/app/(shared)/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+import { Suspense } from 'react'
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <Suspense>
+      <ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates />
+    </Suspense>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryState.tsx b/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42089b432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState
diff --git a/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates.tsx b/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8715144e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/next/src/pages/pages/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333517391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { testConditionalRendering } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy'
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates'
+})
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/react-router.tsx b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/react-router.tsx
index 702acce03..5cffb4d09 100644
--- a/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/react-router.tsx
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/react-router.tsx
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ const router = createBrowserRouter(
       <Route path="form/useQueryStates"                   lazy={load(import('./routes/form.useQueryStates'))} />
       <Route path="referential-stability/useQueryState"   lazy={load(import('./routes/referential-stability.useQueryState'))} />
       <Route path="referential-stability/useQueryStates"  lazy={load(import('./routes/referential-stability.useQueryStates'))} />
+      <Route path="conditional-rendering/useQueryState"   lazy={load(import('./routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState'))} />
+      <Route path="conditional-rendering/useQueryStates"  lazy={load(import('./routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates'))} />
 
       <Route path="render-count/:hook/:shallow/:history/:startTransition/no-loader"     lazy={load(import('./routes/render-count.$hook.$shallow.$history.$startTransition.no-loader'))} />
       <Route path="render-count/:hook/:shallow/:history/:startTransition/sync-loader"   lazy={load(import('./routes/render-count.$hook.$shallow.$history.$startTransition.sync-loader'))} />
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42089b432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8715144e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v6/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes.ts b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes.ts
index d55ccfbc0..29751d350 100644
--- a/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes.ts
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ export default [
     route('/form/useQueryStates',                   './routes/form.useQueryStates.tsx'),
     route('/referential-stability/useQueryState',   './routes/referential-stability.useQueryState.tsx'),
     route('/referential-stability/useQueryStates',  './routes/referential-stability.useQueryStates.tsx'),
+    route('/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',   './routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx'),
+    route('/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',  './routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx'),
     route('/render-count/:hook/:shallow/:history/:startTransition/no-loader',    './routes/render-count.$hook.$shallow.$history.$startTransition.no-loader.tsx'),
     route('/render-count/:hook/:shallow/:history/:startTransition/sync-loader',  './routes/render-count.$hook.$shallow.$history.$startTransition.sync-loader.tsx'),
     route('/render-count/:hook/:shallow/:history/:startTransition/async-loader', './routes/render-count.$hook.$shallow.$history.$startTransition.async-loader.tsx'),
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42089b432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8715144e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333517391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react-router/v7/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { testConditionalRendering } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy'
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates'
+})
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/react/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333517391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { testConditionalRendering } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy'
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates'
+})
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react/src/routes.tsx b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes.tsx
index 3cd6f61fb..953fdb5a1 100644
--- a/packages/e2e/react/src/routes.tsx
+++ b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes.tsx
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ const routes: Record<string, React.LazyExoticComponent<() => JSX.Element>> = {
   '/form/useQueryStates':                   lazy(() => import('./routes/form.useQueryStates')),
   '/referential-stability/useQueryState':   lazy(() => import('./routes/referential-stability.useQueryState')),
   '/referential-stability/useQueryStates':  lazy(() => import('./routes/referential-stability.useQueryStates')),
+  '/conditional-rendering/useQueryState':   lazy(() => import('./routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState')),
+  '/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates':  lazy(() => import('./routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates')),
 
   '/render-count/useQueryState/true/replace/false':   lazy(() => import('./routes/render-count')),
   '/render-count/useQueryState/true/replace/true':    lazy(() => import('./routes/render-count')),
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42089b432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState
diff --git a/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8715144e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/react/src/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates
diff --git a/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx b/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42089b432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState
diff --git a/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx b/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8715144e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/remix/app/routes/conditional-rendering.useQueryStates.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering'
+
+export default ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates
diff --git a/packages/e2e/remix/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/remix/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333517391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/remix/cypress/e2e/shared/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { testConditionalRendering } from 'e2e-shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy'
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryState',
+  hook: 'useQueryState'
+})
+
+testConditionalRendering({
+  path: '/conditional-rendering/useQueryStates',
+  hook: 'useQueryStates'
+})
diff --git a/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy.ts b/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..148ee80e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.cy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { createTest } from '../create-test'
+
+export const testConditionalRendering = createTest(
+  'Conditional rendering',
+  ({ path }) => {
+    it('should have the correct initial state after mounting', () => {
+      cy.visit(path + '?test=pass')
+      cy.contains('#hydration-marker', 'hydrated').should('be.hidden')
+      cy.get('button#mount').click()
+      cy.get('#state').should('have.text', 'pass')
+    })
+    it('should keep the correct state after unmounting and remounting', () => {
+      cy.visit(path)
+      cy.contains('#hydration-marker', 'hydrated').should('be.hidden')
+      cy.get('button#mount').click()
+      cy.get('button#set').click()
+      cy.get('button#unmount').click()
+      cy.get('button#mount').click()
+      cy.get('#state').should('have.text', 'pass')
+    })
+  }
+)
diff --git a/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.tsx b/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c6e3ce53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e/shared/specs/conditional-rendering.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { parseAsString, useQueryState, useQueryStates } from 'nuqs'
+import { type FC, useState } from 'react'
+
+function ConditionalRenderer({ Component }: { Component: FC }) {
+  const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(false)
+  return (
+    <>
+      <button id="mount" onClick={() => setMounted(true)}>
+        Mount
+      </button>
+      <button id="unmount" onClick={() => setMounted(false)}>
+        Unount
+      </button>
+      {mounted && <Component />}
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+// --
+
+function TestComponentUseQueryState() {
+  const [state, setState] = useQueryState('test')
+  return (
+    <>
+      <button id="set" onClick={() => setState('pass')}>
+        Set
+      </button>
+      <pre id="state">{state}</pre>
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+function TestComponentUseQueryStates() {
+  const [{ state }, setState] = useQueryStates(
+    {
+      state: parseAsString
+    },
+    { urlKeys: { state: 'test' } }
+  )
+  return (
+    <>
+      <button id="set" onClick={() => setState({ state: 'pass' })}>
+        Set
+      </button>
+      <pre id="state">{state}</pre>
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+// --
+
+export function ConditionalRenderingUseQueryState() {
+  return <ConditionalRenderer Component={TestComponentUseQueryState} />
+}
+
+export function ConditionalRenderingUseQueryStates() {
+  return <ConditionalRenderer Component={TestComponentUseQueryStates} />
+}
diff --git a/packages/nuqs/src/adapters/lib/react-router.ts b/packages/nuqs/src/adapters/lib/react-router.ts
index 408b2df60..828db7e4f 100644
--- a/packages/nuqs/src/adapters/lib/react-router.ts
+++ b/packages/nuqs/src/adapters/lib/react-router.ts
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ type NavigateOptions = {
 }
 type NavigateFn = (url: NavigateUrl, options: NavigateOptions) => void
 type UseNavigate = () => NavigateFn
-
-type UseSearchParams = () => [URLSearchParams, {}]
+type UseSearchParams = (initial: URLSearchParams) => [URLSearchParams, {}]
 
 // --
 
@@ -78,7 +77,11 @@ export function createReactRouterBasedAdapter(
     }
   }
   function useOptimisticSearchParams() {
-    const [serverSearchParams] = useSearchParams()
+    const [serverSearchParams] = useSearchParams(
+      typeof location === 'undefined'
+        ? new URLSearchParams()
+        : new URLSearchParams(location.search)
+    )
     const [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useState(serverSearchParams)
     useEffect(() => {
       function onPopState() {