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This repo is used for academic workshop, with the title "Benchmarking zkVMs: Efficiency, Bottlenecks, and Best Practices", at ZKProof7 in Sofia.

zkVM Benchmarks

Supported zkVMs:

  • Jolt
  • Nexus (WIP)
  • Powdr (WIP)
  • RISC Zero
  • SP1

Want to support in the future:

Don't support:

  • Cairo VM: doesn't support Rust yet
  • Miden VM: doesn't support Rust yet
  • ...

Installation

We highly recommend to build them on:

  • linux/x86_64
  • 64GB RAM (128GB on Jolt, 256GB on ZKM's evm proving)
  • strong CPU

When I tried to build on my Mac/M1 using docker, some toolchains were unable to build.

Install Jolt/Nexus

rustup target add riscv32i-unknown-none-elf

Install Risc Zero

cargo install cargo-binstall
cargo binstall cargo-risczero
cargo risczero install

Install SP1

curl -L https://sp1.succinct.xyz | bash

Follow the instructions outputted by this command then run:

sp1up

Install zkm

wget http://musl.cc/mips-linux-muslsf-cross.tgz
tar -zxvf mips-linux-muslsf-cross.tgz
  • Modify ~/.cargo/config:
[target.mips-unknown-linux-musl]
linker = "<path-to>/mips-linux-muslsf-cross/bin/mips-linux-muslsf-gcc"
rustflags = ["--cfg", 'target_os="zkvm"',"-C", "target-feature=+crt-static", "-C", "link-arg=-g"]

Install Open VM

cargo +nightly install --git http://github.com/openvm-org/openvm.git cargo-openvm
cargo openvm --version

Running

To run all benchmarks run:

make bench-all

The benchmark results should be outputted in CSV form in benchmark_outputs.

To run an individual benchmark run make bench-zkm, make bench-jolt, make bench-risczero or make bench-sp1.

Profiling

First, you need to install these tools:

  • flamegraph

Then, run this command:

make perf-all

Disclaimer

This code is being provided as is. No guarantee, representation or warranty is being made, express or implied, as to the safety or correctness of the code. It has not been audited and as such there can be no assurance it will work as intended, and users may experience delays, failures, errors, omissions or loss of transmitted information. Nothing in this repo should be construed as investment advice or legal advice for any particular facts or circumstances and is not meant to replace competent counsel. It is strongly advised for you to contact a reputable attorney in your jurisdiction for any questions or concerns with respect thereto. a16z is not liable for any use of the foregoing, and users should proceed with caution and use at their own risk. See a16z.com/disclosures for more info.

Submission Guide

If you want to add new zkVM schemes for this benchmark, please follow them:

...