Merge pull request #330 from CliMA/al/p3_comparison

comparing activity based IN with P3 IN

Project.toml

@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ DocStringExtensions = "0.8, 0.9"
 ForwardDiff = "0.10"
 RootSolvers = "0.3, 0.4"
 SpecialFunctions = "1, 2"
-Thermodynamics = "0.12"
+Thermodynamics = "=0.12.3"
 julia = "1.6"

docs/src/IceNucleation.md

@@ -243,6 +243,34 @@ Multiple sulphuric acid concentrations, ``x``,
     values that are obtained from pure water droplets. Though CliMA lines look far
     from the Spichtinger 2023 line, the lines seem to move closer as x approaches 0.
 
+## Water Activity Based vs P3 Ice Nucleation Parameterizations
+The water activity based models are compared with P3 ice nucleation parameterizations as described
+  in [MorrisonMilbrandt2015](@cite) using an adiabatic parcel model with depositional growth. The
+  first row of plots shows deposition nucleation; the second row shows heterogeneous freezing; the
+  last row shows homogeneous freezing.
+
+```@example
+include("../../parcel/Example_P3_vs_activitybased.jl")
+```
+![](P3_vs_activitybased.svg)
+
+For the activity based deposition ice nucleation model (ABDINM):
+ - Green corresponds to feldspar,
+ - Orange corresponds to ferrihydrite,
+ - Magenta corresponds to kaolinite.
+We note that the P3 deposition parameterization shows a significantly greater ICNC at all times in
+  the simulation. This is expected because the parameterization does not account for the number of
+  available INP.
+
+For the activity based immersion freezing model (ABIFM):
+ - Green corresponds to desert dust,
+ - Orange corresponds to illite,
+ - Magenta corresponds to kaolinite.
+The P3 heterogeneous parameterization also shows much more ICNC than any of the ABIFM runs. It
+  should be noted that the P3 parameterization does not distinguish between immersion freezing,
+  contact freezing, etc. 
+
+The P3 scheme allows homogeneous freezing to freeze all droplets at temperatures equal to or less than 233.15K. No homogeneous freezing occurs at warmer temperatures.
 
 ## INP Concentration Frequency
 

parcel/Example_P3_vs_activitybased.jl

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+import OrdinaryDiffEq as ODE
+import CairoMakie as MK
+import Thermodynamics as TD
+import CloudMicrophysics as CM
+import CLIMAParameters as CP
+
+# definition of the ODE problem for parcel model
+include(joinpath(pkgdir(CM), "parcel", "Parcel.jl"))
+FT = Float32
+# get free parameters
+tps = TD.Parameters.ThermodynamicsParameters(FT)
+aps = CMP.AirProperties(FT)
+wps = CMP.WaterProperties(FT)
+ip = CMP.IceNucleationParameters(FT)
+
+# Constants
+ρₗ = wps.ρw
+R_v = TD.Parameters.R_v(tps)
+R_d = TD.Parameters.R_d(tps)
+
+# Initial conditions
+Nₐ = FT(2000)
+Nₗ = FT(2000)
+Nᵢ = FT(0)
+rₗ = FT(1.25e-6)
+p₀ = FT(20000)
+T₀_dep = FT(238)
+T₀_het = FT(239)
+T₀_hom = FT(236.5)
+qᵥ = FT(8.3e-4)
+qₗ = FT(Nₗ * 4 / 3 * π * rₗ^3 * ρₗ / 1.2)
+qᵢ = FT(0)
+x_sulph = FT(0)
+
+# Moisture dependent initial conditions
+q = TD.PhasePartition(qᵥ + qₗ + qᵢ, qₗ, qᵢ)
+ts_dep = TD.PhaseNonEquil_pTq(tps, p₀, T₀_dep, q)
+ts_het = TD.PhaseNonEquil_pTq(tps, p₀, T₀_het, q)
+ts_hom = TD.PhaseNonEquil_pTq(tps, p₀, T₀_hom, q)
+ρₐ_dep = TD.air_density(tps, ts_dep)
+ρₐ_het = TD.air_density(tps, ts_het)
+ρₐ_hom = TD.air_density(tps, ts_hom)
+Rₐ = TD.gas_constant_air(tps, q)
+eₛ_dep = TD.saturation_vapor_pressure(tps, T₀_dep, TD.Liquid())
+eₛ_het = TD.saturation_vapor_pressure(tps, T₀_het, TD.Liquid())
+eₛ_hom = TD.saturation_vapor_pressure(tps, T₀_hom, TD.Liquid())
+e = eᵥ(qᵥ, p₀, Rₐ, R_v)
+
+Sₗ_dep = FT(e / eₛ_dep)
+Sₗ_het = FT(e / eₛ_het)
+Sₗ_hom = FT(e / eₛ_hom)
+IC_dep = [Sₗ_dep, p₀, T₀_dep, qᵥ, qₗ, qᵢ, Nₐ, Nₗ, Nᵢ, x_sulph]
+IC_het = [Sₗ_het, p₀, T₀_het, qᵥ, qₗ, qᵢ, Nₐ, Nₗ, Nᵢ, x_sulph]
+IC_hom = [Sₗ_hom, p₀, T₀_hom, qᵥ, qₗ, qᵢ, Nₐ, Nₗ, Nᵢ, x_sulph]
+
+# Simulation parameters passed into ODE solver
+r_nuc = FT(1.25e-6)                     # assumed size of nucleated particles
+w = FT(0.5)                             # updraft speed
+α_m = FT(0.5)                           # accomodation coefficient
+const_dt = FT(0.1)                      # model timestep
+t_max = FT(50)
+aerosol_none = []
+aerosol_deposition = [CMP.Feldspar(FT), CMP.Ferrihydrite(FT), CMP.Kaolinite(FT)]
+aerosol_heterogeneous = [CMP.DesertDust(FT), CMP.Illite(FT), CMP.Kaolinite(FT)]
+deposition_modes = ["P3_dep", "ABDINM"]
+heterogeneous_modes = ["P3_het", "ABIFM"]
+homogeneous_modes = ["P3_hom", "ABHOM"]
+deposition_growth = "Deposition"
+size_distribution = "Monodisperse"
+
+# Plotting
+fig = MK.Figure(resolution = (1000, 600))
+ax1 = MK.Axis(fig[1, 1], ylabel = "Ice Saturation [-]")
+ax2 = MK.Axis(fig[1, 2], ylabel = "ICNC [cm^-3]", yscale = log10)
+ax3 = MK.Axis(fig[1, 3], ylabel = "Temperature [K]")
+ax4 = MK.Axis(fig[2, 1], ylabel = "Ice Saturation [-]")
+ax5 = MK.Axis(fig[2, 2], ylabel = "ICNC [cm^-3]", yscale = log10)
+ax6 = MK.Axis(fig[2, 3], ylabel = "Temperature [K]")
+ax7 = MK.Axis(fig[3, 1], ylabel = "Ice Saturation [-]", xlabel = "Time [s]")
+ax8 = MK.Axis(fig[3, 2], ylabel = "ICNC [cm^-3]", xlabel = "Time [s]")
+ax9 = MK.Axis(fig[3, 3], ylabel = "Temperature [K]", xlabel = "Time [s]")
+
+MK.ylims!(ax2, 1e-9, 1)
+MK.ylims!(ax5, 1e-16, 1e-5)
+
+# solve ODE
+#! format: off
+for deposition in deposition_modes
+    if deposition == "P3_dep"
+        local params = parcel_params{FT}(
+            const_dt = const_dt,
+            r_nuc = r_nuc,
+            w = w,
+            aerosol = aerosol_none,
+            deposition = deposition,
+            deposition_growth = deposition_growth,
+            size_distribution = size_distribution,
+        )
+        # solve ODE
+        local sol = run_parcel(IC_dep, FT(0), t_max, params)
+        # Plot
+        MK.lines!(ax1, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = deposition, color = :blue) # saturation
+        MK.lines!(ax2, sol.t, sol[9, :] * 1e-6, color = :blue)                                      # ICNC
+        MK.lines!(ax3, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = :blue)                                             # Temperature
+    elseif deposition == "ABDINM"
+        for aerosol in aerosol_deposition
+            local params = parcel_params{FT}(
+                const_dt = const_dt,
+                r_nuc = r_nuc,
+                w = w,
+                aerosol = aerosol,
+                deposition = deposition,
+                deposition_growth = deposition_growth,
+                size_distribution = size_distribution,
+            )
+            # solve ODE
+            local sol = run_parcel(IC_dep, FT(0), t_max, params)
+            # Plot
+            if aerosol == CMP.Feldspar(FT)
+                line_color = :green
+            elseif aerosol == CMP.Ferrihydrite(FT)
+                line_color = :orange
+            elseif aerosol == CMP.Kaolinite(FT)
+                line_color = :magenta
+            end
+            MK.lines!(ax1, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = deposition, color = line_color) # saturation
+            MK.lines!(ax2, sol.t, sol[9, :] * 1e-6, color = line_color)                                      # ICNC
+            MK.lines!(ax3, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = line_color)                                             # Temperature
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+for heterogeneous in heterogeneous_modes
+    if heterogeneous == "P3_het"
+        local params = parcel_params{FT}(
+            const_dt = const_dt,
+            r_nuc = r_nuc,
+            w = w,
+            aerosol = aerosol_none,
+            heterogeneous = heterogeneous,
+            deposition_growth = deposition_growth,
+            size_distribution = size_distribution,
+        )
+        # solve ODE
+        local sol = run_parcel(IC_het, FT(0), t_max, params)
+        # Plot
+        MK.lines!(ax4, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = heterogeneous, color = :blue)  # saturation
+        MK.lines!(ax5, sol.t, sol[9, :] .* 1e-6, color = :blue)                                         # ICNC
+        MK.lines!(ax6, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = :blue)                                                 # Temperature
+    elseif heterogeneous == "ABIFM"
+        for aerosol in aerosol_heterogeneous
+            local params = parcel_params{FT}(
+                const_dt = const_dt,
+                r_nuc = r_nuc,
+                w = w,
+                aerosol = aerosol,
+                heterogeneous = heterogeneous,
+                deposition_growth = deposition_growth,
+                size_distribution = size_distribution,
+            )
+            # solve ODE
+            local sol = run_parcel(IC_het, FT(0), t_max, params)
+            # Plot
+            if aerosol == CMP.DesertDust(FT)
+                line_color = :green
+                MK.lines!(ax4, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = heterogeneous, color = line_color) # saturation
+                MK.lines!(ax5, sol.t, sol[9, :] .* 1e-6, color = line_color)                                        # ICNC 
+                MK.lines!(ax6, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = line_color)                                                # Temperature
+            elseif aerosol == CMP.Illite(FT)
+                line_color = :orange
+                MK.lines!(ax4, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = heterogeneous, color = line_color) # saturation
+                MK.lines!(ax5, sol.t, sol[9, :] .* 1e-6, color = line_color)                                        # ICNC
+                MK.lines!(ax6, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = line_color)                                                # Temperature
+            elseif aerosol == CMP.Kaolinite(FT)
+                line_color = :magenta
+                MK.lines!(ax4, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = heterogeneous, color = line_color) # saturation
+                MK.lines!(ax5, sol.t, sol[9, :] .* 1e-6, color = line_color)                                        # ICNC
+                MK.lines!(ax6, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = line_color)                                                # Temperature
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+for homogeneous in homogeneous_modes
+    local params = parcel_params{FT}(
+        const_dt = const_dt,
+        r_nuc = r_nuc,
+        w = w,
+        aerosol = aerosol_none,
+        homogeneous = homogeneous,
+        deposition_growth = deposition_growth,
+        size_distribution = size_distribution,
+    )
+    # solve ODE
+    local sol = run_parcel(IC_hom, FT(0), t_max, params)
+    if homogeneous == "P3_hom"
+        line_color = :blue
+    elseif homogeneous == "ABHOM"
+        line_color = :orange
+    end
+    MK.lines!(ax7, sol.t, S_i.(tps, sol[3, :], (sol[1, :])), label = homogeneous, color = line_color)# saturation
+    MK.lines!(ax8, sol.t, sol[9, :] .* 1e-6, color = line_color)                                     # ICNC
+    MK.lines!(ax9, sol.t, sol[3, :], color = line_color)                                             # Temperature
+end
+
+MK.axislegend(ax1, framevisible = false, labelsize = 10, nbanks = 3, orientation = :horizontal, position = :lt)
+MK.axislegend(ax4, framevisible = false, labelsize = 10, nbanks = 3, orientation = :horizontal, position = :lt)
+MK.axislegend(ax7, framevisible = false, labelsize = 10, nbanks = 2, orientation = :horizontal, position = :lt)
+
+#! format: on
+
+MK.save("P3_vs_activitybased.svg", fig)