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CCO Review Recommendations Dispositions and Roles
Alexander P. Cox edited this page Oct 4, 2021
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Recommendations are grouped according to the sort of changed proposed.
Definitions within the Artifact Function hierarchy currently use one of several phrasing schemas. Most definitions focus on the type(s) of process(es) that the given function is realized by. Recommend making the following the preferred schema:
"An X Function that inheres in Artifacts (or a specific type of artifact, e.g., Vehicles) in virtue of being designed to Y."
Note 1: When specific types of processes are relevant, they should be included.
Note 2: Incorporates suggestion made by Brian Donohue in issue #139.
Rationale:
Better highlights the intentional design aspect that makes certain dispositions in artifacts functions.
Clarifies the nature of the bearing artifact's participation in processes that realize that function. See for example:
Communication Artifact Function def= "An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which meaningful signs are conveyed from one entity to another."
--> Does a radio realize this function if I smash it on the ground to communicate my rage at the referee's call?
Crushing Artifact Function def= "A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of significant pressure."
--> It's ambiguous what is designed to get crushed, though perhaps this is intentional, e.g. a modern car bumper has a function to be crushed to absorb energy during a collision, but a trash compactor has the function to crush whatever is put inside it.
Feedback from Alan Ruttenberg: "Realizables should specify how they are realized as well as how the bearer participates in the realization."
Make the following (minor) revisions to definitions:
NB: The revised definitions also implement the schema proposed in Item #1 above
Communication Artifact Function
- Redefine to clarify that this is a broad function under which the other communication artifact functions should be placed.
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate an Act of Communication."
Wired Communication Artifact Function
- Redefine to avoid limiting it to artifacts that use metal as the communication medium, which rules out fiber-optics as well as 2 (non-metal) cups connected by a string.
- Definition: "A Communication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate an Act of Communication through the use of a manufactured transmission medium such as wire, tubing, or strands of material."
Communication Reception Artifact Function
- 'communication' is misspelled and this should be a subclass of 'Communication Artifact Function'
- Definition: "A Communication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to receive information that has been transmitted for the purpose of communication."
Communication Relay Artifact Function
- 'communication' is misspelled and this should be a subclass of 'Communication Artifact Function'
- Definition: "A Communication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to first receive and then transmit information from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communication."
Poison Artifact Function
- Redefined to include what it means for an artifact to be poison rather than simply stating the final effects of poison on an entity.
- Definition: "A Damaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to either be ingested, injected, inhaled, or absorbed through topical contact by an Organism and to cause chemical interactions that result in illness, impairment, or death of that Organism once sufficient quantities of the Artifact are present."
- Definition Source: https://www.medicinenet.com/poison/definition.htm
Electromagnetic Induction Artifact Function
- fix grammar by removing the extra 'that'
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to produce electromotive force across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field."
Enhancing Artifact Function
- 'increasing' is misspelled
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of some entity."
Fragrance Artifact Function
- Not every fragrance is "pleasant or sweet"
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in manufactured chemical compounds in virtue of being designed to have an odor."
- Definition Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aroma_compound
- Elucidation: "There is no requirement that bearers of a Fragrance Artifact Function will produce a pleasant scent since this is a matter of personal taste."
Fuel Artifact Function
- Fix typo of 'to'
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to react with other substances in order to release chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work."
Healing Artifact Function
- loosen the definiton to allow for partial or localized healing (e.g. the cut on my finger healed, but my cancer is spreading)
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to improve or restore the health of part or all of an unbalanced, diseased, or damaged organism."
- NB: 'health/healthy' is not defined in the CCO, but could be added as a sibling to 'Damaged Stasis'
Thermal Imaging Artifact Function
- Add missing period and modify end of definition
- Definition: "An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to create a visual representation of an entity using radiation from the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is emitted or reflected by the target entity."
Inhibiting Motion Artifact Function
- Definition is too circular and it is unclear whether 'Bearing Artifact Function' should be a subclass of it given that its bearer restricts the motion of something
- Definition: **TODO**
Lifting Artifact Function
- Rephrase to avoid possible circularity of using 'lift' with no additional context
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to increase the elevated height of a material entity."
Distance Measurement Artifact Function
- Utilize 'Distance Measurement Information Content Entity' to refine
- Definition: "A Measurement Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to measure the spatial Distance between two entities and produce a Distance Measurement Information Content Entity about it."
Conveyance Artifact Function
- Revise to reduce circularity
- Delete current definition source (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle)
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to transport entities from one location to another."
Observation Artifact Function
- Make the definition more specific or move several other artifact functions to be its subtypes, e.g., 'Imaging Artifact Function', 'Measurement Artifact Function', 'Nuclear Radiation Detection Artifact Function', 'Sensor Artifact Function', and 'Signal Detection Artifact Function')
Education Artifact Function
- Replace reference to 'generations' to something that does not imply an imposed timescale
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate the transmission of accumulated knowledge, skills, or values from one Agent to another."
Government Artifact Function
- The clause "the actions of its members are directed" can be (mis)interpetated as referring to the members of the government, but the intended meaning is that the citizens of the governed area and other people within its borders are the "members" who are directed.
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate the administration of public policy or otherwise direct the actions of the governed area or populace."
Hospitality Artifact Function
- Definition is a puntuationless enumeration of types of services that fall under the umbrella of hospitality services.
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate an improved relationship between a host and a guest."
Legal Artifact Function
- Definition is a puntuationless partial enumeration of types of services that fall under the umbrella of legal services.
- The definition source is relevant, but doesn't specifically address the concept being represented here.
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate a Legal System Act."
Religious Artifact Function
- Expand the definition to include "religious practices" which is a broader category than "worship and prayer", e.g. wearing an item of clothing or styling one's hair a certain way.
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to be used in religious practices."
Residential Artifact Function
- The existing definition schema doesn't work well here
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to provide shelter and other basic needs to facilitate an Act of Inhabitancy."
Retail Artifact Function
- Definition limits it to "small or individual lots for direct consumption", which seems to rule out wholesale, direct-to-consumer, etc. retailers
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate the sale of consumer goods or services."
Waste Management Artifact Function
- Definition is a puntuationless partial enumeration of types of services that fall under the umbrella of waste management services
- Definition: "A Service Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to facilitate monitoring or handling waste from its inception to its final disposal."
Submersible Artifact Function
- Does the artifact need to actively operate while underwater or is it sufficient that it be capable of being submersed without losing its other functions? I.e., a cell phone that won't get ruined when it gets wet (even though it isn't designed to be used underwater).
Ventilation Control Artifact Function
- The current definition is more appropriate for 'Air Quality Control Artifact Function'. Ventilation has other purposes beyond air quality control
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to control the passage of air or other gasses in and out of a space."
Pressurization Control Artifact Function
- At a minimum, change 'air' to 'gasses'
- Since liquids can also be pressurized (e.g. hydraulics), either the current label should be changed to reflect that it only applies to gasses and a more generic term (perhaps with the current label) should be added to cover all cases
- Definition: **TODO**
Infrastructure Role
- The definition is missing a period at the end and it is not clear what sorts of things count as "necessary" in this context
- Definition: **TODO**
Communication Transmission Artifact Function
- Definition: "A Communication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to send Signals for the purpose of communication."
Optical Communication Artifact Function
- Definition: "A Communication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to send Signals using light for the purpose of communication."
Radio Reception Artifact Function
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in an Artifact in virtue of being designed to detect and measure radio waves."
- Elucidation: This is distinct from 'Radio Communication Reception Artifact Function' because it encompasses a broader range, such as astronomical radio receivers used to detect energy from throughout the universe which are arguably not instances of communication.
Camouflage Artifact Function
- Definition: "A Deception Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to conceal the identity or nature of an object by altering its appearance or behavior to make it either less noticeable or to appear as something else."
Shielding Artifact Function
- Definition: "An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to provide a protective barrier around an entity to reduce or prevent the passage of one or more types of entities that might be harmful to the shielded entity."
- Move 'Electromagnetic Shielding Artifact Function' and 'Impact Shielding Artifact Function' to be its subtypes
Radio Frequency Shielding Artifact Function
- Definition: "An Electromagnetic Shielding Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts in virtue of being designed to prevent radio waves with certain frequency ranges from passing through."
A number of artifact functions mention being realized in processes of a type that is not represented in the CCO.
Consider adding these processes:
- Attitude Control Artifact Function - mentions 'attitude control process'
- Oxidizer Artifact Function - mentions 'redox reaction'
- Collimation Artifact Function - mentions 'collimation event'
- Computing Artifact Function - mentions 'computation process'
- Optical Focusing Artifact Function - mentions 'light focusing event'
- Fragrance Artifact Function - mentions 'odor'
Within the Electrical Artifact Function hierarchy, there is potential confusion due to the usage of 'power' (or, more specifically, 'electric power'), which has a very specific scientific meaning (namely, the RATE of electrical energy transfer).
Hence, 'electrical energy' should be used here and in most of the subclasses instead of 'power'.
(5a) Artifact functions that should be subtyped under another existing function:
- Move the subtypes of 'Pesticide Artifact Function' (i.e., 'Anti-Microbial Artifact Function', 'Herbicide Artifact Function', and 'Insecticide Artifact Function') directly under 'Poison Artifact Function' (so they are siblings of 'Pesticide Artifact Function' instead of its children).
-- These classes are defined based on the type of entity that the bearer of these functions is designed to damage, but Pesticide is defined based on the poisoned things being "detrimental to humans or human concerns", which makes the subclass assertions only partially appropriate since, e.g., anti-bacterials kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria and herbicides can also kill plants people want.
- Make 'Detonating Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Explosive Artifact Function'
- Make 'Filtration Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Fluid Control Artifact Function'
- Make 'Nuclear Radiation Detection Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Observation Artifact Function'
- Make 'Powering Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Electrical Artifact Function'
-- New Label: 'Electrical Power Supply Artifact Function' --> Unless there is a broader (i.e. not necessarily electrical power) sense of 'power' being used here. If so, that needs to be made clear.
- Make 'Radio Wave Conversion Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Electrical Artifact Function'
- Make 'Military Artifact Function' a subtype of 'Artifact Function'
-- At a minimum, under 'Service Artifact Function' is an unexpected place for CCO users to look for this
-- More significantly, not every function realized during "processes related to the armed services" qualify as a 'Service Artifact Function'
- Make 'Signal Detection Artifact Function' a subclass of 'Observation Artifact Function'
- Make 'Switch Artifact Function' a subclass of 'Electrical Artifact Function'
-- New Label: 'Electrical Switch Artifact Function'
(5b) Terms that may be better represented outside their current hierarchy:
- Make 'Albedo' (currently a quality) a subtype of 'Proportional Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity' and define it as a measurement of the Radiation Reflectivity of an object
- Make 'Speed Artifact Function' and its subtypes ('Maximum Speed Artifact Function', 'Minimum Speed Artifact Function', and 'Nominal Speed Artifact Function') an 'Artifact Function Specification' that prescribes some 'Motion Artifact Function'
-- Alternatively, remove these from the (mid-level) CCO
- Make 'Payload Capacity' an 'Artifact Function Specification' that prescribes some 'Conveyance Artifact Function'
- Make 'Research Artifact Function' a role
-- Consider that a thermometer used in an HVAC system has the same function that an identical thermometer used in a research lab has, namely, to measure the temperature. The fact that one thermometer is being used for research while the other is not should not change their functions.
- As with 'Research Artifact Function', make 'Research and Development Artifact Function' a role
-- Whether an artifact is R&D depends on how the thing is used rather than its designed physical structure.
(5c) Terms to move out of the (mid-level) CCO:
- The subtypes of Radar Imaging Artifact Function (i.e., 'Moving Target Indication Artifact Function', 'Ground Moving Target Indication Artifact Function', and 'Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifact Function') are arguably too specific for the CCO and should be moved to the Sensor Ontology.
Bearing Artifact Function
- Defined to apply to artifacts such as ball bearings that constrain and support motion, but the label suggests that its purpose is closer to that of 'Structural Support Artifact Function'
- New Label: 'Motion Bearing Artifact Function' --> (I'm open to better suggestions)
Electrical Power Storage Artifact Function
- New Label: 'Electrical Energy Storage Artifact Function'
Color
- Elucidation: "This term is meant to represent the phenomenological aspect of color -- color as experienced by a perceiver -- rather than a representation of the "pure physics" of reflected wavelengths of light."
Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function
- Alternative Label: 'Wireless Communication Artifact Function'
Covering Artifact Function
- Elucidation: Clarify what is meant by "covered".
Sensor Deployment Artifact Function
- Convert into a defined class using: 'Conveyance Artifact Function' OR 'Structural Support Artifact Function'
Civilian Role
- Add definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian#Legal_usage_in_war
When defining roles, is it sufficient to state the context that creates them or should definitions also include contexts that realize the roles?
Feedback from Alan Ruttenberg:
- "Realizables should specify how they are realized as well as how the bearer participates in the realization"