PA-historical-markers

"Canoe Place"
Indians traveling from the Allegheny to the West Branch by way of Portage-Driftwood Creeks, carried their canoes over the divide -- a distance of 23 miles -- to the other "Canoe Place," near present Emporium Junction.
US 219 just W of Stifflertown/Buterbaugh Rd., .5 miles N of Stifflertown (Missing)
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"Common Sense"
At his print shop here, Robert Bell published the first edition of Thomas Paine's revolutionary pamphlet in January 1776. Arguing for a republican form of government under a written constitution, it played a key role in rallying American support for independence.
SE corner of S 3rd St. & Thomas Paine Place (Chancellor St), Philadelphia
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"Cross-Cut Canal"
The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, in use 1838-1872. Chartered by both states, 1827. Joined Beaver Canal just below New Castle, linking Pittsburgh with Youngstown and Cleveland. Followed Mahoning River on line of present railroad.
US 224 at Rt. N Edinburg Rd. (Rt. 551) / E River Rd. intersection, NE of Edinburg
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"Declaration and Address"
First published at this site. The founding of the Disciples of Christ is dated from its adoption on Sept. 7, 1809. Written by Thomas Campbell, who with his followers had organized the Christian Association of Washington earlier that year.
122 S. Main St., Washington
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"Indiantown"
The native village from which, in turn, the Creek, Gap, and great Military Reservation derived their names, formerly stood near here. The Delaware Indians took this route to Shamokin, upon their removal from the Schuylkill region.
Fisher Ave. (PA 934), just S of Jonestown Rd. and the Swatara Creek, Harper Tavern
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"King's House"
A log structure, built prior to 1761, stood on this site. Known, also, as the Commandant's House; later as "Rising Sun Inn." Occupied by British officers until close of French and Indian War. Destroyed by fire, Dec. 14, 1885.
E. Pitt St. between Juliana & Richard Sts., Bedford
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"Pioneer," The
This gravity railroad car, used on the Pennsylvania Coal Company Railroad, was presented by the company to the City of Scranton, Sept. 3, 1909. The car was used on the line from Hawley to Pittston from 1850 to 1884.
Nay Aug Park at railroad car (on "road" across from Vine St., near Arthur Ave., behind Everhart Mus.), Scranton
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"S" Bridge
This stone bridge was part of the National, or Cumberland Road. Originated in 1805, it was completed to Wheeling in 1818. Over it passed countless wagons and stages uniting the East and the growing West.
US 40, at Green Valley/S Bridge Rd. (PA 221), ~3.5 miles SW of Washington
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"Sant Peter's Kierch"
Cornerstone laid July 13, 1767, and dedicated in 1769 by Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, patriarch of American Lutheranism. Church erected on ground provided by George Fisher, the founder of Middletown, for annual rental of "one grain of wheat."
At church, Union & High Sts., Middletown
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"Shadow of Death"
The name applied to this locality by Conrad Weiser and other travelers on the Frankstown Path in the mid-18th century. Its local significance is now unknown.
Croghan Pike (US 522) W of Shade Gap
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"Winter Wonderland"
Lyricist Richard “Dick” Smith (1901-1935) wrote the song “Winter Wonderland” in 1934 while being treated for tuberculosis in Scranton. Recorded by dozens of popular singers, it became one of the most memorable and beloved songs of the holiday season. Smith’s family lived here at 922 Church Street, and the song was inspired by his boyhood memories of playing across the street in Central Park. He passed away from TB shortly after the song was released.
His boyhood home is still standing and in good condition. It now houses Campbell Law Offices 922 Church St. Honesdale, PA 18431. This is a public area easily viewable and located across from Central Park, the songs inspiration.
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"York House"
Built in 1860 by Charles Billmeyer, railroad car manufacturer. Noted for its hand-painted ceiling and exquisite interior ornamentation, building is outstanding example of mansion-type Victorian architecture.
225 E. Market St., York
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1777 Battle of Edge Hill
In an attempt to finally destroy the Continental Army, Gen. Sir William Howe led British and mercenary forces, primarily Hessian, from occupied Philadelphia to attack American troops entrenched here. After a series of engagements, December 5-8, 1777, Howe was unable to dislodge the Americans from their defensive positions along Edge Hill. The campaign ended with Washington’s forces withdrawing to Valley Forge and Howe’s retiring to Philadelphia.
The intersection of Jenkintown and Edgehill Roads on the grounds North Penn VWF Post 676.
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1902 Anthracite Coal Strike
In May 1902, 150,000 mineworkers struck for six months for union recognition, higher wages, shorter hours, and other demands. The Anthracite Coal Strike Commission, set up by President Theodore Roosevelt, held hearings at the Lackawanna County Courthouse and granted some demands in March 1903. Among the longest in U.S. history, the strike introduced unbiased federal intervention in labor disputes.
Adams Ave. side of Courthouse Square (near John Mitchell monument), Scranton
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1902 Anthracite Coal Strike
In May 1902, 150,000 mineworkers struck for six months for higher wages, union recognition, shorter hours, and other demands. A July 30th riot of 5,000 strikers in Shenandoah led to its occupation by the PA National Guard and influenced President Theodore Roosevelt to set up the Anthracite Coal Commission. Some worker demands were granted. The strike introduced an impartial federal role in labor disputes.
Centre and Union Sts., Shenandoah
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1909 McKee's Rocks Strike
On July 14, unskilled immigrant workers led a strike against the Pressed Steel Car Company. Strain among the strikers, replacement laborers, and state police erupted into a riot on August 22. Eleven men were killed near this footbridge. Strikers were aided by the Industrial Workers of the World.
Nichols Ave. at Graham St. & George St. triangle, McKees Rocks/Stowe Twp.
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1910 Bethlehem Steel Strike
In February, 1910, over 9,000 steelworkers went on strike over wages, overtime, and work conditions. A striker was shot and killed here during hostilities that ensued. The subsequent federal investigation substantiated workers' claims and contributed to industry reforms.
Pierce & E 3rd Sts., Bethlehem
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1967 Black Student Walkouts
On Nov. 17, 1967, thousands of middle and high school students organized a citywide walkout to the former Board of Education Building here and were met with police violence. It was one of the largest and earliest youth-led demonstrations in the national ethnic studies movement. Students’ demands for culturally inclusive education were realized in 2005 when Philadelphia became the first US school district to mandate African American studies.
At the former Board of Education building. 39.959051, -75.174646
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1st Drive-In Filling Station
At this site in Dec. 1913, Gulf Refining Co. opened the first drive-in facility designed and built to provide gasoline, oils, & lubricants to the motoring public. Its success led to construction of thousands of gas stations by different oil companies across the nation.
Near intersection of Baum & St. Clair Sts., at Spnning Plate Lofts lot, E Liberty/Friendship, Pittsburgh
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28th Division Shrine
Dedicated to heroic dead of Pennsylvania's famed 28th in two world wars. The Division was created Sept., 1917. The Shrine was founded by Col. Theodore Boal and made a State memorial in 1932.
Boal Ave., (Bus. US 322) at PA Military Museum, just NW of Boalsburg Pk., Boalsburg
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54th Mass. Infantry Regiment, US Colored Troops (The)
In 1863, the 54th Massachusetts Regiment was among the first Civil War combat units open to African Americans. Troops from Pennsylvania made up more than 20 percent of the acclaimed unit. Mercersburg was second only to Philadelphia in mustering volunteers from the Commonwealth. The valor shown by the regiment improved regard for Black soldiers and helped spur recruiting. Of 38 USCT Civil War veterans buried here, 13 served in the 54th Mass.
Zion Union Cemetery, Bennett Ave., Mercersburg
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A. Mitchell Palmer (1872-1936)
US Congressman, 1909- 1915, US Attorney General, 1919-1921, and contender for Democratic presidential nomination, 1920. As Attorney General, led "Palmer Raids" during the "Red Scare," prosecuting those suspected of being anti-American. He practiced law in Stroudsburg.
west entrance of courthouse at 7th & Monroe Sts., Stroudsburg
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A.M.E. Book Concern
Here in 1836 a church related company began printing hymnals, religious materials, and works by Black authors of the period. In 1847 The Christian Recorder was published here. Bishop Benjamin Tucker Tanner was editor of the firm until 1884.
631 Pine St., Philadelphia
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Aaron Siskind (1903-1991)
Preeminent 20th century photographer. Siskind's influential images of Bucks County architecture from 1939 to 1945 brought about a change from documentary style to a radical abstract style, setting a new standard in American art photography.
26 E. Swamp Rd. (Pa. 313) east of Pa. 611, Doylestown (Cross Keys)
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Abijah Smith & Company
Established 1807 by Abijah Smith, who had bought 75 acres here on Ransom Creek and was later joined by his brother John. Their shipments of coal by ark down the Susquehanna, begun in 1807, continued for 20 years. This company was, in 1818, the first to extract Pennsylvania coal by powder blasting. In the same family almost 70 years, it was considered the first commercially successful U.S. anthracite firm.
US 11 (Main St.) at Natl. Guard Armory, Plymouth
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Abington Presbyterian Church Cemetery
Church founded on this site, 1714. Cemetery established, 1719. First recorded burial, 1728. Site of Revolutionary War skirmishes. Burials include pastors and educators notable in Abington, Philadelphia, and Princeton, and veterans of major wars.
Old York (PA 611) & Susquehanna Rds., Abington
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Abolition Hall
The antislavery meeting hall here, opened in 1856, brought many leading abolitionist speakers as guests of George Corson and his wife, Martha Maulsby Corson. Built over a carriage shed, the hall could accommodate up to 200 visitors. The family's 1767 homestead here had already long been a station on the Underground Railroad. Later, 1881-1895, Abolition Hall was the studio of son-in-law Thomas Hovenden, who painted "Last Moments of John Brown."
4006 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting
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Abraham Blumer - PLAQUE
Born in Grabs, Switzerland, chaplain of the First Battalion Northampton County Militia, 1781 is buried in this cemetery. He ministered to the reformed congregations of Jordan, Union, Egypt and Allentown from 1771 to 1801.
On grounds of Jordan United Church of Christ at Walbert, South Whitehall Twp.
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Abraham L. Pennock
This prominent abolitionist and patron of the arts resided here at Hoodland until his death in 1868. The home had been built in 1823 by his father-in-law, John Sellers II. A leader in the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, Abraham Pennock also was an advocate of woman suffrage, and active in the temperance movement. Notable visitors to his home included John Greenleaf Whittier and James Russell Lowell.
At library, right beside bldg., on Maple Ave., between Wayne and Hazel, off S. State Rd. (SR 2026), Upper Darby
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Abraham Lincoln
On Feb. 21, 1861, the train carrying the President-elect from Springfield, Ill., to his Inauguration in Washington, D.C., stopped briefly near this point. Mr. Lincoln appeared on the rear platform and spoke to the assembled crowd, estimated at more than a thousand people.
Pond St., between Grundy Tower Dr. and Beaver St., Bristol, back from road near fence
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Abraham Lincoln
On February 22, 1861, while journeying to Washington for his Inauguration, Lincoln stopped at the Jones House, on this site. From the portico of the hotel, he addressed a large crowd gathered in Market Square.
S. Market Square (E side), Harrisburg
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Abraham Lincoln
One-half block east of here, on Nov. 18, 1863, Abraham Lincoln spoke briefly to townspeople from his special train. The President was traveling to Gettysburg for the dedication of the National Cemetery.
Carlisle St. (PA 94) & Park Ave., Hanover
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Absalom (Albert) Hazlett (1837-1860)
A staunch abolitionist, Hazlett became a lieutenant in John Brown's provisional army and participated in the raid on Harper's Ferry Arsenal in 1859. He was captured, tried, convicted, and hanged for his involvement following the failed Harper's Ferry attack. This incident, intended to arm slaves to fight for their own freedom, was a major catalyst for the outbreak of the Civil War. Hazlett was born and raised near here.
S 6th St. extension (PA 954), .4 mile S of US 422, Indiana
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Academy of Natural Sciences
Founded nearby in 1812, it is the oldest natural science institution in the Americas. It remains an invaluable resource for the study of life on Earth, with outstanding exhibits and scientific collections. Relocated to Logan Square in 1876, part of Drexel University since 2011.
302 Market St., Philadelphia
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Adam Schneider
Laid out the north half of the settlement renamed Somerset in 1795. Schneider and his brother Jacob conducted the first store in Somerset. It stood on this site.
NW corner of Square (Main St. & S Center Ave.), Somerset
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Adams County
Formed January 22, 1800 out of York County. The name honors President John Adams. Important center of fruit growing industry. County seat of Gettysburg, incorporated 1806, was site in 1863 of key Civil War battle and President Lincoln's great address.
Old Courthouse, Baltimore & W. Middle Sts. (Bus. 15 & PA 116), Gettysburg
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Admiral Peary Park
Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary was born near Cresson on May 6, 1856. This Park and monument commemorate his birth and achievements. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. NOTE: "Administered by" painted out in 2017 as no longer correct.
At site, St. Joseph St. (SR 1005), just N of junction with Adm. Peary Hwy. (SR 2014) W of Cresson
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Admiral Wm. Sims
Commander of the American naval forces in European waters in the first World War, naval writer and critic, entered the U.S. Naval Academy from this community in 1876. From 1883 to 1902, Sims family occupied the house opposite.
Valley St. (PA 994) just S of Spring St., Rockhill, W of Orbisonia
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African American Baseball in Philadelphia
For 85 years, starting with the Pythians and Excelsiors in 1867, Black ball clubs were a significant part of the Philadelphia scene. The Giants, formed 1902, were soon "World's Colored Champions." The Hilldales, Eastern Colored League Champions, 1923-25, won the Colored World Series, 1925. The Philadelphia Stars from 1933-52; they were in the Negro National League, 1933-48, & many of their games took place at this site.
SW corner, Belmont & Parkside Aves., Philadelphia
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African American Sailors in the Battle of Lake Erie
These skilled seamen were among those who enabled Oliver Hazard Perry to defeat and capture a British squadron, Sept. 10,1813. Their participation--critical to victory--secured a place for African Americans in the region's history.
Erie Maritime Museum at Niagara Plaza in rear along fence, 150 E. Front St., Erie
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African Zoar Methodist Episcopal Church
Founded here in 1794 by 15 men and three women from St. George's Church, led by Rev. Harry Hosier. Zoar was active in the Underground Railroad and moved to 12th and Melon Streets in 1883. It is United Methodism's oldest Black congregation.
401 Brown St. (at N 4th), Philadelphia
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Alain Leroy Locke (1886-1954)
Born here, Locke was an African-American critic and chronicler of the Harlem Renaissance. A Harvard graduate, Rhodes Scholar, and Howard University educator, he was a writer and promoter of Black art and culture.
In front of African American Museum along 7th St
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Alan Freed (1921-1965)
Disc jockey who coined the term "Rock & Roll" in the early 1950s. Freed used the term to describe up-tempo black rhythm and blues records he played as DJ "Moondog" on his radio show. Freed further popularized this music through TV programs, movies, and concerts, including what is considered to be the nation's first Rock & Roll concert (1952). Raised in Windber, Freed was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.
Miner's Park, near corner of Graham Ave. and 13th St, Windber
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Albany Purchase
The NE corner of the land deeded the Proprietors by the Six Nations in great council at Albany July 6, 1754, was 1 mile north of Penns Creek. It ran thence "North of the West as far as your Province extends."
Susquehanna Trail (US 522/US 11 & 15), just N of Lenker Ave., between Selinsgrove and Shamokin Dam
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Albert Bushnell Hart
Distinguished scholar and historian, Harvard graduate and member of its faculty for sixty years, was born nearby, July 1, 1854, and lived here six years. He died July 16, 1943, at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
S side PA 258 at PA 18, across from Tara restaurant, just N of Sharpsville
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Albert Gallatin
Jeffersonian diplomat, financier, and statesman, Gallatin was the longest serving US Secretary of the Treasury, 1801 to 1814. As such, he facilitated the Lewis and Clark Expedition, successfully reduced the national debt until the War of 1812, and helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war. In the 1790s he was instrumental in calming the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pa. Friendship Hill, his home for many years, is nearby.
Railroad St. near Penn St. (US 119), Point Marion
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Albert M. Greenfield (1887-1967)
Greenfield created an East Coast business empire here in retail, real estate, hotels, and banks. He supported equality for African Americans and received a papal award for promoting Catholic/Jewish harmony. He championed political reform locally and nationally.
1315 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Alfred J. Reach (1840-1928)
Pioneer baseball professional; a great early 2nd baseman. Played for the Philadelphia Athletics, 1865-75. Phillies' first owner & president, 1883-1902. Published "Official Base Ball Guide." His A.J. Reach & Co., maker of sporting goods, was here.
1820 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Allan P. Jaffe (1935 - 1987)
He and his wife Sandra managed and developed Preservation Hall, a jazz venue in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. He founded the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, playing sousaphone and touring music halls and cultural events worldwide. Born in Pottsville.
316 N Centre Street, Pottsville, PA 17901 
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Alleghany Furnace
Here in 1811, Andrew Henderson and Robert Allison built the second iron furnace in present Blair County. Elias Baker became three-fourths owner in 1836, and in 1844 (as he prepared to build his Greek Revival mansion nearby) he became full owner. The stone store building here was erected about 1837. Until the furnace closed in 1884, it remained in the Baker family, which consistently spelled its name "Alleghany."
PA 36 (Union Ave.) in triangle median, S of 31st St., Altoona
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Allegheny Arsenal
Designed by Benjamin H. Latrobe and constructed in 1814. The Arsenal was used as a military garrison, in the manufacture and storing of supplies during the Civil War, Indian Wars, and Spanish American War.
40th St. near Davidson at Arsenal Park, opposite #257, Lawrenceville
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Allegheny College
Oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. Founded 1815. Chartered 1817. The college's first president, Timothy Alden, was architect of Bentley Hall, which became the center of administration.
N. Main St. (PA 86) at Sherman St., Meadville
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Allegheny Cotton Mill Strikes
Major strikes by women cotton factory workers protesting 12-hour work-days occurred nearby in Allegheny City in 1845 & 1848. The strikes led to an 1848 state law limiting workdays to 10 hours and prohibiting children under twelve years of age from working in cotton and textile mills.
Allegheny Landing, north side, near river at 6th St. Bridge, Pittsburgh
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Allegheny County
Formed September 24, 1788 out of Westmoreland and Washington counties. Named for the Allegheny River. County seat of Pittsburgh was laid out 1764; became a city in 1816. A center of the iron, steel and other industries and "Workshop of the World."
County Courthouse, Grant St. between 5th & Forbes Aves., Pittsburgh
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Allegheny Observatory
Part of the University of Pittsburgh. Chartered 1860; located here since 1912. At the original site nearby, Professor Samuel P. Langley conducted experiments that would lead to the first sustained, mechanically powered flight in 1896.
Riverview Ave. in Riverview Park (off US 19) near Observatory, Observatory Hill, Pittsburgh
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Allegheny Portage
The 23-mile crossing from Susquehanna West Branch to the Allegheny River began at a "canoe place" near this point. Indians and pioneers went north to Portage Creek, and at present Port Alleghany resumed travel by canoe.
in traffic island at E Allegheny Ave. (PA 120) & Sizerville Rd. (PA 155), E of Emporium
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Allegheny Portage
The 23-mile crossing from Susquehanna West Branch to the Allegheny River followed Portage Creek to a "canoe place" near this point. From here Indians and pioneers continued on their way by boat down the Allegheny River.
S Main St. (US 6) near junction of Port-Emporium Rd. (PA 155), Port Allegany
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Allegheny Portage Railroad Plane No. 2
From 1834 to 1854 this 36-mile line connected Hollidaysburg to Johnstown. The railroad portaged canal boats over the Allegheny Mountains, which formed a barrier to the Pennsylvania canal system. Horses and mules pulled the first trains. Later steam locomotives were used. At the center of the line, Plane No. 2 served as the railroad headquarters.
Intersection of Rts. 53 & 164, Portage Twp. (across from Parkway Drive-in)
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Allegheny River
Here is the head stream of this historic river, pathway of Indians, and white traders and settlers for over 200 years. It unites with the Monongahela, 352 miles away at Pittsburgh, forming the Ohio.
PA 49 near Allegheny River bridge (a stream at this point), between Colesburg and Gold
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Allentown
Founded 1762 by the noted colonial leader and the jurist, William Allen. Known until 1834 as Northampton. Here the Liberty Bell was hidden in 1777, and Revolutionary wounded hospitalized. City incorporation, 1867. Long a textile and cement center.
S 4th St. (PA 145), just S of W Mountain Rd., Allentown
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Allentown
Founded 1762 by the noted colonial leader and jurist, William Allen. Known until 1834 as Northampton. Here the Liberty Bell was hidden in 1777, and Revolutionary wounded hospitalized. City incorporation, 1867. Long a textile and cement center.
MacArthur Rd. (PA 145) at N city line, just N of Sumner Ave. overpass, Allentown
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Allentown
Founded 1762 by the noted colonial leader and jurist, William Allen. Known until 1834 as Northampton. Here the Liberty Bell was hidden in 1777, and Revolutionary wounded hospitalized. City incorporation, 1867. Long a textile and cement center.
Tilghman St. (old US 22) near 30th St. (in front of strip mall), Allentown
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Allentown
Founded 1762 by the noted colonial leader and jurist, William Allen. Known until 1834 as Northampton. Here the Liberty Bell was hidden in 1777, and Revolutionary wounded hospitalized. City incorporation, 1867. Long a textile and cement center.
Walbert Ave, near N 19th St. and Rt. 22 underpass, Allentown
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Allentown
Founded 1762 by the noted colonial leader and jurist, William Allen. Known until 1834 as Northampton. Here the Liberty Bell was hidden in 1777, and Revolutionary wounded hospitalized. City incorporation, 1867. Long a textile and cement center.
US 309 South at Allentown(Missing)
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Allentown State Hospital
Pennsylvania’s first state hospital to treat mental illness through homeopathy. Dr. Solomon C. Fuller, first African American psychiatrist, served as a consulting pathologist at ASH. In 1930 the Children’s Institute opened under the direction of Dr. Henry Klopp, one of the first of its kind. In 1999 ASH became the first state hospital to end the use of patient seclusion, gaining international importance for its Psychiatric Emergency Response Teams.
On Hanover Ave at N Quebec St

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Alliance Furnace
First furnace west of the Alleghenies. Built 1789 on banks of nearby Jacob's Creek, its ruins are still observable. Supplied iron for Wayne's campaign in 1794 against the Indians.
Banning Rd. (SR 1002), ~6 miles NW of PA 819, between Dawson & Perryopolis
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Alliance Furnace
First furnace west of the Alleghenies. Built 1789 on banks of nearby Jacob's Creek, its ruins are still observable. Supplied iron for Wayne's campaign in 1794 against the Indians.
PA 819, 1 mile N of Dawson
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Altoona
Founded 1849 as a terminal for westward expansion of the Pennsylvania Railroad. It soon became a major railroad center of the nation. Scene of the War Governors' Conference, 1867.
Logan Blvd., in median where road goes over Mill Run, Altoona
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Altoona Conference
On Sept. 24-26 , 1862, the loyal war governors of the Northern states met at the call of Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania in Altoona. Out of the meeting at the Logan House came new unity, support for Lincoln, and emancipation of the slaves.
US 22 between Hollidaysburg and Duncansville (Missing)
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Amanda Berry Smith
A renowned evangelist and singer, born a slave in Maryland. Her father bought the family's freedom, and they moved to a farm near here. While still a child she was converted at this church. She committed her life to missionary work and traveled in the U.S. and to Britain, India, and Africa. Published a monthly paper, "The Helper." Founder and superintendent, Industrial Home for Colored Children in Illinois.
108 S. Main St., Grace U.M. Church, Shrewsbury
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Amedeo Obici (1877-1947)
Founded Planters Peanut Company in 1906 with fellow Italian immigrant Mario Peruzzi. Arriving in America at twelve, speaking no English, Obici worked at a local fruit store before opening his own peanut cart. An entrepreneur, he invented new peanut production methods. Planters grew into one of the most widely distributed peanut brands; its Mr. Peanut trademark is universally recognized. Corporate headquarters was located here, 1925-1961.
632 S Main St., Wilkes-Barre
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America's First Iron Puddling Furnace
In 1817 ironmaster Isaac Meason and Welshman Thomas Lewis built a puddling furnace and bar rolling mill here using a process from Wales that revolutionized the iron industry. It removed carbon from brittle pig iron creating malleable wrought iron in one step, making iron production much more efficient and less costly. Later, "puddlers" in Pittsburgh formed the first metals union, the Sons of Vulcan, fore-runner of United Steelworkers.
519 Laurel Hill Rd., at PA 51, Smock
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America's First Iron Steamboat
The "Codorus," built in York by John Elgar, was launched at present-day Accomac on the Susquehanna River, Nov. 22, 1825. The site is about two miles distant.
Lincoln Hwy. (PA 462) near Blessing Ln., just W of Wrightsville
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America's First Lager
In 1840, John Wagner brought lager yeast from his native Bavaria and brewed the nation's first lager beer. Later, other German immigrants began brewing lagers, which soon became popular & promoted growth of America's brewing industry.
905 N American St., Philadelphia
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American Bandstand
This television program had a major impact on the music, dance, and lifestyles of American teenagers. "Bandstand," a local show, began in 1952. Dick Clark became host in 1956, and on August 5, 1957, "American Bandstand" debuted on the nationwide ABC network. Until 1964 the show was broadcast from WFIL-TV here. This 1947 building was one of the first designed and constructed. exclusively for television productions.
4601 Market St., Philadelphia
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American Friends Service Committee
Founded in Philadelphia in 1917, the AFSC has given practical expression to the faith of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Its worldwide humanitarian work has reflected a commitment to nonviolence & justice. Co-recipient, Nobel Peace Prize, 1947.
1501 Cherry St., at Friends Ctr., Philadelphia
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American Institute of Mining Engineers
Organization founded in 1871 by 22 mining professionals to promote safety, education, economics, and technology in mining. One of the first national engineering societies in the US, the institute and its 150,000+ members honor the group's legacy by providing education and upholding professional values. The founding meeting of AIME as well as that of the Pa. Anthracite Section of AIME were held here at the site of the former Wyoming Valley Hotel.
16 S River St., Wilkes-Barre, in front of parking lot
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American Pharmaceutical Association
Professional society created, Oct. 6-8, 1852, to assure quality & safe distribution of drugs. Pharmacists from eight states met in a building nearby for the founding meeting; among them was Philadelphian William Proctor, Jr., "Father of American Pharmacy."
NW corner, Market & N 7th Sts., Philadelphia
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American Red Cross
On June 5, 1889, Clara Barton and a group of American Red Cross volunteers arrived in Johnstown to help the survivors of a devastating flood resulting from the failure of the South Fork Dam. It was one of the first major disaster responses for the humanitarian organization. The agency established feeding stations, built shelters for survivors, and rendered medical care. Over five months, the Red Cross provided relief to 25,000 people.
Johns St. (near PNG Park entrance), Johnstown
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American Viscose Co.
The first company in North America to successfully manufacture an artificial fiber (rayon). Plant employees, many of whom were women, lived in Viscose Village, a planned community built in 1912-1915 and designed by Ballinger and Perrot of Phila. In the English Domestic Revival style. The Marcus Hook plant contributed significantly to the country's defense in both World Wars-- supplying fiber for many military applications.
Viscose Village Plaza, E 10th St. at Plaza St., near Boro. Park, Marcus Hook
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Andalusia
Country estate of Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844), poet, lawyer, agriculturalist, state senator, and president of the Second Bank of the United States. Biddle's struggle with President Andrew Jackson over the Bank's financial control of the nation's monetary system was one of the most controversial issues of the era. Andalusia, designed by Benjamin H. Latrobe and Thomas U. Walter, shows the influence of both Regency and Greek Revival styles of architecture. Named a National Historic Landmark in 1966.
1237 State Road, Andalusia (Bensalem Township)
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Anderson House
Built in 1815. East room housed the first bank in Bedford, known as the Allegheny Bank of Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1832. Original vault can still be seen. Since 1924, used as public library and community centre.
E. Pitt St. between Juliana & Richard Sts., Bedford
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Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919)
A poor Scottish immigrant, Carnegie became a millionaire steel magnate and proponent of the "Gospel of Wealth." Seeking to benefit society with his fortune, he built over 2,500 libraries and endowed institutions advancing education and peace.
Carnegie Library, 4400 Forbes Ave., Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Andrew Ellicott
Surveyor, mathematician, astronomer. Secretary, Pennsylvania Land Office, 1801-08. In 1803, while living here, he taught Meriwether Lewis surveying and navigation skills. Helped survey & draw boundaries of New York, Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C., & elsewhere.
123 N. Prince Street, Lancaster
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Andrew G. Curtin
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1861-67, was born on this site. He brought about the establishment of State Normal Schools; organized the famed Pennsylvania Reserve Corps; obtained funds for the erection of State Orphan Schools.
S Allegheny St. (PA 144) at Cherry Lane, Bellefonte, one blcok S of Sq.
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Ankeny Square
Set aside for burial ground and place of worship on the original plat of Milfordstown by Ulrich Bruner, 1787, and by Peter Ankeny in 1789 when he laid out the south side of the settlement renamed Somerset in 1795.
Patriot Square, near Patriot St. & Park Ave., Somerset
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Ann Preston, M.D. (1813-1872)
A pioneer physician and educator, in 1860 Preston founded the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, where she later established one of the nation's first nurses' training schools. A graduate of the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, she became its dean in 1865, the first American woman to hold such an office. She was a Quaker dedicated to women's rights and an abolitionist involved with the Underground Railroad. Preston was born here.
225 State Rd., West Grove
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Anna Elizabeth Dickinson (1842-1932)
Anna Dickinson, a nationally renowned orator, writer, and advocate for the rights of women, Blacks, and workers, lived here. At 21 she became the first woman to address Congress, a speech attended by President Lincoln.
1326 Arch Street
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Anna Howard Shaw (1847-1919)
A doctor and theologian, Shaw was national lecturer for the National American Women's Suffrage Association and a colleague of Susan B. Anthony. As head of the Women's Committee of the US Council of National Defense she coordinated all women's defense activities during WWI and was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for her efforts. She lived near here from 1908 until her death, just before ratification of the Women's Suffrage Amendment.
S Orange St. & S Ridley Creek Rd., Media
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Anna Morris Holstein (1825-1900)
Led the effort to acquire, preserve, and restore Washington’s Headquarters and the surrounding acreage at Valley Forge, the first State Park, now National Historical Park. She helped preserve Mount Vernon and was Organizing Regent of the Valley Forge Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution; a Civil War hospital matron and nurse in Gettysburg, Va., and Md.; an author; and Pa. State Building matron at the 1893 World’s Fair. She lived here.
Holstein home from 1840s to late 1890s
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Anna Thomas Jeanes (1822-1907)
A Quaker activist passionate about public health and education, Jeanes set up a bequest to fund a facility that became Jeanes Hospital and Fox Chase Cancer Center. She also financed the Jeanes Foundation, or Negro Rural School Fund, and appointed Booker T. Washington a trustee. The fund supported the training of black teachers, known as Jeanes Supervisors, who provided southern black youth with academic and vocational education.
Entrance to Jeanes Hospital, 7600 Central Ave., Philadelphia
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Anna Wagner Keichline (1889-1943)
First woman registered as an architect by the state (1920), this Bellefonte native, inventor, Cornell grad & women's suffrage advocate designed numerous buildings, including the Plaza Theatre here. She served as Special Agent, Army intelligence, WWI.
126 W High St., Bellefonte, just off Sq.
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Anne Brancato Wood (1903-1972)
A child of Italian immigrants, Brancato entered Democratic city politics in 1928. One of few women in the state assembly (1932-41), she sponsored pioneering social reform legislation. Her business offices were located here.
SW corner, Broad & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia
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Antes Fort - PLAQUE
About one half a mile southwest of this spot, on the high bluff above the river, stood the stockade known as Antes Fort. Erected by Lieut. Col. John Henry Antes in the summer of 1777. This fort was an important rallying point for the settlers in this region. It was destroyed by the Indians and Tories in July, 1778, at the time of the big runaway, when the entire valley was abandoned by the white settlers. In memory of the following who lost their lives during the Indian raids in this region. [plaque includes list of names of 4 victims at Ft. Antes and 3 at Ft. Horn.]
PA 44, at point with Antes Fort Main Rd. and across from Old Fort Rd., Jersey Shore
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Anthony Benezet (1713-1784)
Leading abolitionist in the 18th century, his writings influenced the antislavery movement worldwide and federal abolition legislation. A teacher and Quaker, he educated blacks in his home, 1750-70, and opened a secondary school for girls in 1754. He lived here.
325 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Anthony J. Drexel (1826-1893)
Entrepreneur and philanthropist Drexel created the world's 1st trans-Atlantic banking network from an office located here. It financed many U.S. railroads and businesses of the industrial era. Founder of Drexel University.
48 S Third Street, Philadelphia
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Anthony Palmer (1664-1749)
Arriving in Philadelphia in 1705, Palmer established himself as a merchant. He served on provincial council and held several judicial posts. He became acting governor in 1748-1749 and used his diplomatic acumen to negotiate with the French, Spanish, and Native Americans. He worked with Benjamin Franklin to acquire the support and revenue to fortify and defend Pa. against raiding privateers. He founded the community of Kensington in the 1730s.
at Palmer Cemetery, just inside main gate on Palmer St., between Belgrade & Memphis Sts., Philadelphia
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Anthony Sadowski
Polish pioneer, Indian trader, settled along Schuylkill River in this area, 1712. He served the Provincial Government as a messenger-interpreter during negotiations with Indian tribes in 1728. He was buried, 1736, in graveyard of St. Gabriel's Church.
US 422 eastbound, at St. Gabriel's Church and graveyard, Douglassville
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Anthony Wayne
A restored blockhouse marking the site of American Fort Presque Isle and the original burial place of General Wayne stands on the Soldiers and Sailors Home grounds near the foot of this street. Wayne died there Dec. 15, 1796.
E. 6th St. (Alt. PA 5) at Ash St., Erie
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Anthracite Mine Disaster
On the morning of April 7, 1911, the nearby Pancoast mine here in Throop was the scene of a disastrous fire. Seventy-two miners died by suffocation, and a government rescue worker also was killed. This tragedy soon led to the enactment, on June 15, of state legislation requiring that all interior buildings at coal mines be constructed of incombustible materials.
In front of Throop Borough Bldg., Charles St. & Sanderson Ave., Throop
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Arch Street Meeting House
The meetinghouse was built in 1804 on a burial ground granted by William Penn in 1701. It has been continuously used as a place of worship and center for activities of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) of the Philadelphia region.
Arch St., between 3rd & 4th Sts., Philadelphia
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Armstrong County
Formed March 12, 1800 out of Westmoreland, Allegheny, and Lycoming counties. Named for Gen. John Armstrong, who had destroyed the Indian Village at Kittanning, 1756. Here, county seat was laid out, 1803, and "Daugherty Visible" typewriter invented in 1881.
at Courthouse, N. end Market St., Kittanning
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Arnold N. Nawrocki (1925-2003)
While working for the Clearfield Cheese Co. on nearby Meadow St., he invented the first commercially successful process for individually wrapped cheese slices. A patent was issued in 1956. An engineer, Nawrocki secured eleven food processing patents over his career.
424 State St., (Rt. 879), Curwensville
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Art Blakey (1919-1990)
A founder of the "hard-bop" school of jazz, drummer Blakey grew up here, and got his start with Billy Eckstine's band. Blakey's group, "The Jazz Messengers," featured Hank Mobley, Freddie Hubbard, Horace Silver, and Wynton Marsalis. He was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Grammy, 2005.
28 Chauncey St. (altho. appears to be in 600 block of Carmel Way), Hill District (Pittsburgh)
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Arthur Horace James (1883-1973)
Prominent Pennsylvania Republican politician and public official. Elected Luzerne County District Attorney, 1919-1926; Lieutenant Governor, 1927-1931; and Governor, 1939-1943. Served as a Judge on the Superior Court of the Commonwealth, 1933-1938, and was a Republican presidential primary candidate in 1940. James was born in Plymouth of Welsh immigrant parents and worked as a "breaker boy" in anthracite coal mines.
150 E Main St. (Washington & Main), Plymouth
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Arthur J. Rooney
Prominent Western Pennsylvania civic and sports leader and owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, 1933-1988. With his guidance the Steelers won four 1970s Super Bowls. An accomplished athlete, Rooney was influential in the National Football League and was inducted into the National Football Hall of Fame, 1964. His family emigrated from Ireland in the 19th century; resided in Coulter where he was born until moving to Pittsburgh. He returned here often.
Tourman St. & Coulter Rd., Coulter (S Versailles Twp.)
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Arthur Lee Hall (1934-2000)
Pioneering African American dancer and choreographer. Hall's innovative infusion of African dance, drumming, and culture into his productions transformed American modern dance. The Ile Ife Black Humanitarian Center, which was here, served as his home and studio.
2544 N Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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Arthur St. Clair
At the head of the hollow to the south was last home of Gen. St. Clair. He served in the Revolutionary army, in the Continental Congress, and was first Governor of the Northwest Territory. His grave is at Greensburg.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), 6.5 miles NW of Ligonier
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Arthur St. Clair (1737-1818)
President, Continental Congress, 1787; member, 1785-87. First Governor of the Northwest Territory (lying between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers), 1787-1802. Earlier, he was Westmoreland County Court Justice after the county's formation in 1773, and Major General in the Revolutionary War, 1777. A native of Thurso, Scotland, he lived his last years on Chestnut Ridge, near Ligonier, and is buried just east of this marker.
St. Clair Park, N. Maple Ave., overlooking amphitheater, Greensburg
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Articles of Confederation
Our nation's first constitution. Adopted November 15, 1777, in the York County Courthouse, the Articles united the 13 colonies by establishing the government of the United States of America. Remained in effect until replaced by the Constitution in 1789.
NE Corner of Continental Square (Market & George Sts.), York
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Ashland Boys' Association
Widespread job loss in Pennsylvania's anthracite region in the late 19th century led many Ashland "boys" to seek employment elsewhere. Strong attachment to the miners' former hometown prompted formation of the A.B.A. c. 1900. Until 1976, the A.B.A. held Labor Day homecoming celebrations and during the Great Depression raised funds for the WPA-built Mothers' Memorial. It symbolizes abiding affection for family and community felt here and in the industrial US.
Mother's Meml. at Welcome Home Plaza, N Hoffman Blvd.
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Assarughney
Below Campbell's Ledge, across the river, stood an Indian town occupied by Delawares after the 1737 "Walking Purchase." Here the Warriors Path from Tioga joined the path from Minisink.
PA 92, 1 mile N of West Pittston (Missing)
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Asylum - PLAQUE
A settlement of French Royalists who Fled the French Revolution in 1793 was established in the valley directly opposite this Marker. It was laid out and settled under the direction of Viscount de Noailles and Marquis Antoine Omer Talon. It was hoped that Queen Marie Antoinette might here find safety. Among many distinguished visitors to this place were Louis Phillipe, Duke of Orleans. Later King of France. Prince de Talleyrand, Duke de Montpensier and the Duke de la Rochefoucauld Liancourt.
Mount Rock lookout off US 6, 5 miles N of Wyalusing
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Athens
Known also as Tioga Point. Connecticut settlers laid out the village in 1786. Site of ancient Indian village of Teaoga. Base for the Sullivan Campaign into central N.Y. Gateway from Southern N.Y. into Pennsylvania for centuries.
PA 199 (old US 220) at Tioga Point Cemetery, Athens
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August Wilson (1945-2005)
Co-founder of Pittsburgh's Black Horizon Theater and the author of a cycle of ten plays that have been hailed as a unique triumph in American literature. The plays cover each decade of the 20th century and most focus on African American life in the Hill District. Two of the plays, "Fences" and "The Piano Lesson," won Pulitzer prizes for best drama in 1987 and 1990; "Fences" also won Broadway's Tony Award. This site is Wilson's birthplace.
1727 Bedford Ave., Pittsburgh
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Augusta Town
Here met, in August 1776, under Virginia's claim to western Pennsylvania, the first court west of the Monongahela River. The site is a mile south and marked by a monument.
Franklin Farms Rd. off US 40, between S Ring & W Palm, ~3 miles SW of Washington
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Augustus Lutheran Church
Oldest unchanged Lutheran church in America. Built in 1743 by Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, who died in 1787 and is buried in the graveyard.
Main St. (old US 422) near Seventh Ave., Trappe, next to entry archway
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Austin Flood Disaster
On Sept. 30, 1911, the Bayless Pulp and Paper Co. dam broke here. This concrete dam, built 1909, was nearly fifty feet high; 534 feet long. Its failure sent torrents of water and debris down Freeman Run into Austin and Costello, causing great destruction and killing at least 78 people. This second worst single-dam disaster in Pennsylvania inspired legislation (1913) to regulate the construction of dams in the state.
Rugaber St. (PA 872) across hwy. from dam ruins, ~1.5 miles N of Austin
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Avery College
To the south, at Nash and Avery Streets, stood Avery College. Founded in 1849 by Charles Avery (1784-1858), Methodist lay preacher, philanthropist, abolitionist, to provide a classical education for Negroes.
619 Ohio St., North Side, Pittsburgh
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Avondale Mine Disaster
On September 6, 1869, a fire broke out at the nearby Avondale Colliery, trapping the miners. The eventual death toll was 110. This included five boys between the ages of twelve and seventeen, and two volunteers who were suffocated while attempting rescue. As a result of this disaster, Pennsylvania's General Assembly enacted legislation in 1870 which was designed to enforce greater safety in the industry.
W Main St. (US 11), ~ a mile E of PA 29 junction, Plymouth Twp.
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Azilum
The broad plain which can be seen from this point was the site, 1793-1803, of the French refugee colony. The Great House, built for Marie Antoinette and her son, was there and an entire village founded.
US 6, 4.5 miles N of Wyalusing at Marie Antoinette lookout
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Azilum
Site of the famed French refugee colony is a few miles south. Here exiles laid out a town and built La Grande Maison for the Queen and her son, the heir to the throne of France.
US 6 just E of Lake Rd. (PA 187) at Wysox
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Bailey's Printshop
Francis Bailey, official printer to both the U.S. Congress and the Commonwealth, operated a printing office on this site from 1773 to 1780. Here, he produced many historic imprints including Thomas Paine's "Crisis No. 4."
14 W. King St., Lancaster
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Baird House
Doctor Spencer Baird, noted naturalist, was born in this house in 1823. He organized U.S. Geological Survey, 1879; was U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries, 1871-1887; Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 1878-1887. Died in Mass., 1887.
5th & Washington Sts., SW corner, Reading (Missing)
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Baker Bowl National League Park
The Phillies' baseball park from its opening in 1887 until 1938. Rebuilt 1895; hailed as nation's finest stadium. Site of first World Series attended by U.S. President, 1915; Negro League World Series, 1924-26; Babe Ruth's last major league game, 1935. Razed 1950.
N Broad Street (between Lehigh & Huntingdon), Philadelphia
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Baker Mansion
This fine example of Greek Revival Architecture was the home of Elias Baker, a leading ironmaster of the region. Built in 1846, it is now the museum and home of the Blair County Historical Society. Located on the hill opposite this point.
97 Mansion Blvd., at PA 36 (Union Ave.), Altoona
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Baker Mansion
Erected 1844-1847. Architect, Robert Cary Long, Jr. Residence of Elias Baker, Ironmaster, and his family, 1848 to 1914. Museum of the Blair County Historical Society since 1922. Entrance to mansion from street in rear.
Baker Blvd. & Mansion Blvd., Altoona
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Bald Eagle's Nest
A Delaware Indian village named for a noted Munsee chief Woapalanne or "Bald Eagle." Located at union of Spring and Bald Eagle Creeks. From here raids on the frontier were made in Revolutionary days.
Turnpike St. (US 220 alt./PA 144) at Eagle St, just S of truss bridge over Spring Creek, Milesburg
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Baldwin House
Two blocks west from here is the home built in 1841 by Justice Henry Baldwin. Appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1830. As a member of Congress in 1816 to 1822, he was an early protective tariff advocate.
Baldwin St. near Park Ave., Meadville
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Baldwin Locomotive Works
For years the nation's leading locomotive manufacturer, it exported products worldwide. Established here by Matthias Baldwin in 1835, it was an early example of integrated industrial organization, employing more than 15,000 workers. Its 39 buildings encompassed 17 acres and transformed the surrounding area from a rural estate to one of the city's first factory neighborhoods. Relocating to Eddystone in 1928, it ceased production 1956.
Franklintown Park, SW corner, N 19th & Hamilton Sts., Philadelphia
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Baltimore Mine Tunnel Disaster
Near here, on June 5, 1919, an explosion and fire in the Baltimore Mine Tunnel killed 92 and injured 60 when a fallen trolley wire contacted a cart carrying miners and kegs of blasting powder. One of the deadliest industrial disasters in Pa. history, it attracted international media and organized labor attention. A resulting US Bureau of Mines investigation led to the prohibition of transporting miners and explosives in the same rail car.
41 Spring St., Wilkes-Barre
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Barbara Gittings (1932-2007)
Known as the mother of the LGBT civil rights movement, Gittings, who lived here, edited The Ladder, the first wide-spread lesbian journal. She led initiatives to promote LGBT literature in libraries and to remove homosexuality's classification as a mental illness.
21st & Locust Sts., Philadelphia
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Barnett's Fort
North at the head of Beaver Creek, Joseph Barnett's log house was a frontier refuge in 1756-63 against Indians raiding the frontier. His son William was stolen by Indians in 1756 and not recovered until 1763 by Col. Henry Bouquet.
Pa. 39, 1.3 miles E of Linglestown near intersection with Piketown Rd.
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Barney Dreyfuss (1865-1932)
Owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, 1900-1932, and legendary baseball leader influential in initiating the first modern World Series, 1903. He led Pirates to 6 National League and 2 World Series titles and was vital to building Forbes Field here, 1909.
Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Oakland section
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Baron Stiegel
The famed glassmaker and ironmaster of colonial days founded Manheim in 1762, and set up his glassworks in 1764. He gave land for the Lutheran Church which still pays his heirs one red rose a year.
In mini park at 1 S Main, Market Square (PA 72), Manheim
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Baruch S. Blumberg (1925-2001)
Nobel laureate who identified the hepatitis B virus and developed its diagnostic test and vaccine, which he shared to promote its use. Affiliated with Fox Chase Cancer Center, NASA Astrobiology Inst., and pres. of American Philosophical Society. Blumberg lived here.
323 S Lawrence Ct., Philadelphia
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Battle of Brandywine
After fording the branches of the Brandywine, British troops under Cornwallis turned SE here early in the afternoon to attack the rear of the American right wing under Sullivan, 3 miles downstream. Conflicting intelligence reports on this movement prevented formation of a proper defense by Sullivan.
(W Miner St.) PA 842 at Birmingham Rd. (SR 3061) SW of West Chester
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Battle of Brandywine
Howe planned two separate attacks against the American line. In early morning, the British Army divided here, Knyphausen's troops went east to engage the center of the line at Chadds Ford, while a force under Cornwallis marched approximately 6 miles north, then 3 miles east, to outflank Washington's right wing and attack from the rear.
US 1, 1 mile E of Kennett Square
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Battle of Brandywine
On Sept. 11, 1777, an American force of about 11,000 men, commanded by Washington, attempted to halt a British advance into Pennsylvania. The Americans were defeated near Chadds Ford on Brandywine Creek by approximately 18,000 British and Hessian troops under Howe.
US 1, 1 mile E of Kennett Square
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Battle of Brandywine
The British attack on the American right wing began here late in the afternoon. After heavy fighting, the defense line which Sullivan formed hastily near Birmingham Meeting House was forced to retreat to Dilworthtown, 2 miles SE. Reinforcements from Chadds Ford delayed the British as Sullivan's men fell back.
W Street Rd. (PA 926) at Birmingham Rd. (SR 1001) W of Darlington Corners, S of West Chester
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Battle of Brandywine
On Sept. 11, 1777, an American force of about 11,000 men, commanded by Washington, attempted to halt a British advance into Pennsylvania. The Americans were defeated near Chadds Ford on Brandywine Creek by approximately 18,000 British and Hessian troops under Howe.
Park Rd., off US 1 & Ring Rd. intersection, at park entrance, Chadds Ford
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Battle of Brandywine
The battle ended just southwest of here at nightfall. With Howe and his troops holding the field, Washington's force withdrew to Chester. Although he was wounded, Lafayette helped to reorganize the retreating troops, and Pulaski's cavalry protected them from attack.
US 202/322 just S of Brinton's Bridge/Dilworthtown Rd., N of US 1, Chadds Ford
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Battle of Brandywine
The center of the American line, Wayne commanding, was near Chadds Ford and faced west. In late afternoon as Cornwallis was making the main assault on the American right wing, 3 miles north, Knyphausen's division of British and Hessians crossed Brandywine Creek, attacked Wayne and forced him to retreat.
1668 Baltimore Pike (US 1), at park entrance, Chadds Ford
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Battle of Germantown
The Battle of Germantown occurred at Cliveden, the country home of Pa. Chief Justice Benjamin Chew, on Oct. 4, 1777. A British regiment occupied Cliveden and defended it from full assault by the colonials. Over 70 soldiers died on these grounds. Although it was an American defeat, Washington's bold strategy helped to win French aid for the cause of independence.
6401 Germantown Ave. at Clivedon, Germantown, Philadelphia
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Battle of Hanover
On the morning of June 30, 1863, Confederate Cavalry under General Stuart attacked the rear of Union Cavalry SE of here and, for a while, had possession of the town. The attack repulsed, Stuart withdrew in the evening.
SW section of square, Hanover
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Battle of Minisink
July 22, 1779, 300 Tories and Indians led by Joseph Brant, Mohawk chief, were attacked near Lackawaxen by some 175 settlers. Brant was returning from raiding New York settlements. All but 25 of the patriots were killed. Brant escaped.
PA 590, just S of Scenic Dr. (T425) and the Lackawaxen River, N end of Lackawaxen
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Battle of the Clouds
Following the September 1777 Battle of Brandywine, Continental forces retreated to regroup along Swedesford Road near the White Horse Tavern. With British troops in pursuit, the onset of a sudden downpour and resulting wet gunpowder delayed an imminent confrontation. Outnumbered Continental forces were able to retreat northwest, securing fresh supplies and ammunition. A loss here would have been disastrous to the American cause.
606 Swedesford Rd., Frazer
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Battle of Wyoming
Here on July 3, 1778, 300 patriots under Col. Zebulon Butler were defeated by 1100 British, Tories, and Indians with Maj. Gen. John Butler. Captives were massacred; survivors fled to Forty Fort.
Wyoming Ave. (US 11) & Susquehanna Ave., at monument, Wyoming
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Bayard Rustin (1912-1987)
Born here, the civil rights leader and pacifist organized the 1963 March on Washington. Head of A. Phillip Randolph Institute, 1966-1979. Elected to Henderson High School Hall of Fame.
At school entrance, Maple & Convent Aves., West Chester
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Beaver County
Formed March 12, 1800 from Washington and Allegheny counties. The county seat, Beaver, was laid out 1792-93. County's waterways have spurred its industrial growth. At Shippingport was the world's first full-scale atomic power station devoted to civilian needs.
County Courthouse, at park on 3rd St., Beaver
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Bedford County
Formed on March 9, 1771 from Cumberland County, it first embraced most of western Pennsylvania. Named for its county seat (formerly Raystown) incorporated 1795. In 1758, Fort Bedford was erected here, and Forbes Road - to become a major highway west - was built.
Courthouse, S. Juliana & Penn Sts., Bedford
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Bedford Furnace
First iron furnace in the Juniata region. Famous as a center for making quality charcoal iron. Located on Black Log Creek below its junction with Shade Creek. Completed about 1788.
US 522 near Palmer St., at SE end of Orbisonia
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Bedford Springs
Medicinal values of these springs discovered about 1796. It soon became a leading resort visited by numerous notables. James Buchanan used the Springs as his summer White House while President.
Business US 220 at resort, Bedford Springs
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Bedford Village
Settled about 1750, known then as Raystown. Site of an early trade post and Fort Bedford, 1758. Base for Forbes, Bouquet expeditions. In 1794 Washington here reviewed forces in Whiskey Rebellion.
651 E Pitt St. near Bus. 30, just E of Bedford
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Bedford Village
Settled about 1750, known then as Raystown. Site of an early trade post and Fort Bedford, 1758. Base for Forbes, Bouquet expeditions. In 1794 Washington here reviewed forces in Whiskey Rebellion.
Bus. 30 near Rt. 220 intersection, at Fairgrounds entrance (& Coffee Pot), W side of Bedford
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Bedford Village
Settled about 1750, known then as Raystown. Site of an early trade post and Fort Bedford, 1758. Base for Forbes, Bouquet expeditions. In 1794 Washington here reviewed forces in Whiskey Rebellion.
N Richard St. (Bus. Rt. 220), N end of Bedford, ~.3 miles from river
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Bell House
An early Germanic type of building; erected in 1745. Used first as the Family House. Girls' School, 1749. Bell, still in use, was cast in Bethlehem. Turret had first town clock, 1746. Weathervane is the church seal in metal.
56 W. Church St., Bethlehem
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Bellefonte
Laid out by James Dunlap and James Harris, 1795. Named by Talleyrand for "beautiful fountain." Early center of the iron industry. One-time home of five of Pennsylvania's governors.
S Allegheny (Rt. 144) & W High Sts., public sq., Bellefonte
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Bellefonte
Laid out by James Dunlap and James Harris, 1795. Named by Talleyrand for "beautiful fountain." Early center of the iron industry. One-time home of five of Pennsylvania's governors.
435 Willowbank St. (PA 150), just S of Bellefonte
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Bellefonte Air Mail Field
The initial stop on the first scheduled west-bound air mail flight was made here by Pilot Leon D. Smith on December 18, 1918. The site for the field was chosen by pioneer aviator Max Miller and was in regular use for air mail until 1925.
E. Bishop St. (PA 550) at S School St., at high school, Bellefonte
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Ben Austrian (1870-1921)
Born in Reading, this self-taught artist won international recognition for his paintings of barnyard and woodland creatures, still lifes, and landscapes. He was the creator of the famed Bon Ami chick. Ben Austrian had studios in Paris and Florida and at Mount Penn, but the place he loved most was "Clovelly-at-the-Pinnacle" nearby, where he died at the age of fifty-one. The artist is buried here.
at New Bethel Union Church Cemetery, New Bethel Church Rd., RD 2, Kempton
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Benjamin Banneker Institute
Founded here in 1854 and dedicated to the literary betterment of African Americans, this school was named for a Black astronomer and mathematician who published an almanac and helped survey Washington, D.C.
409 S. 11th St., near Waverly, Philadelphia
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Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, philanthropist, statesman, and scientist. The eighteenth century's most illustrious Pennsylvanian built a house in Franklin Court starting in 1763, and here he lived the last five years of his life.
Chestnut St. between 3rd & 4th Sts., at Nat'l. Liberty Mus., Philadelphia
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Benjamin Lay (1682-1759)
An early advocate for the immediate abolition of slavery, Lay, a Quaker and a dwarf, wrote a scathing attack on Quaker slaveholders, who in turn disowned him. His dramatic public protests and his boycott of all items produced by slave labor later inspired Quakers to become the first religious group to abolish slavery within their own ranks in 1776. He lived in a local cave. His grave was marked at the Quaker cemetery nearby in 2018.
At Abington Friends Meeting, 520 Meetinghouse Rd., Jenkintown
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Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)
Physician, humanitarian, educator, patriot leader. He signed the Declaration of Independence, opposed slavery, and supported public health & social reforms. Known as "Father of American Psychiatry." His house of birth stood here until 1969.
Keswick & Rayland Roads, Philadelphia
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Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815)
Physician, professor of natural history and botany at the University of Pennsylvania. Author of first American botany textbook. In 1803, he taught natural history to Meriwether Lewis in preparation for Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1803-1806. He lived here.
712 Arch Street, Philadelphia (subsequent research has found 726 Arch to be the actual site of Barton's home.)
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Benjamin Walker Homestead
Before and during the Civil War, Benjamin Walker, Abner Walker, Sr. and George Harbaugh worked closely with African American Underground Railroad conductors John Fiddler, Elisa Rouse and Joseph Crawley. Hundreds of fugitive slaves were led from the PA border through Bedford County via the Walker Homestead, across the mountain and north to freedom. Participation in the UGRR was dangerous, due to the proximity to the MD border.
Rainbow Dr., at Beutman Rd., Alum Bank, 1.5 mi. NW of Pleasantville
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Benjamin Wells
Nearby was the house of this collector of excise tax on whiskey. In the summer of 1794, after the Whiskey Rebellion had turned violent, his house was burned down by an angry crowd. Wells had spurned previous warnings by excise tax protectors.
Route 119 at N. 7th St., Connellsville
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Benjamin West
Famous American painter; born in this house, Oct. 10, 1738. Best known for the picture, "Penn's Treaty with the Indians." Died 1820, in Europe, where he had lived since 1759.
N Chester Rd. (PA 320) at college entrance, Swarthmore (Missing)
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Berean Institute
Founded in 1899 by Rev. Matthew Anderson, pastor of Berean Presbyterian Church and founder of Berean Savings Association, this school taught Blacks skilled trades not available elsewhere. Later the curriculum was expanded to meet changing student needs.
1901 W. Girard Ave., Philadelphia
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Berks County
Formed March 11, 1752 from parts of Chester, Lancaster and Philadelphia counties. Named for Berkshire, England. The county seat of Reading was made a borough in 1783 and a city in 1847. County's early iron works gave rise to Pennsylvania's iron industry.
Courthouse, N. 6th & Court Sts., Reading
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Berlin
This area was a center of protest during the Whiskey Rebellion. A riot occurred at the Berlin schoolhouse in June 1794. In September, according to local historians, Robert Philson raised a liberty pole at his log store on the square; he advised citizens to oppose U.S. laws. After federal troops arrived here in October, Gov. Thomas Mifflin had his headquarters in Dr. Christian Boerstler's house located on this site.
600 Main St., at Trinity U.C.C., rear of property, Berlin
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Bert Bell
National Football League Commissioner, 1946-1959. Popularized professional football; elevated its ethical standards. Eagles owner; Steelers part-owner. Resided in Narberth. Frequented Davis's store here to discuss sport with local people, coaches, athletes.
224-226 Haverford Ave., Narberth
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Berwyn School Fight
In 1932, Tredyffrin and Easttown school districts began segregating their elementary schools. Local Black families and supporters met at Mt. Zion A.M.E. Church and planned to fight this discrimination. The resulting boycott deprived affected children of more than 300 school days but forced officials to rescind the segregation order. Children returned to integrated schools in 1934. The event paved the way for the 1935 Pa. Equal Rights Bill.
At Mt. Zion AME Church, 380 N Fairfield Rd., Devon
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Beth Sholom Synagogue
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built with the collaboration of Rabbi Mortimer J. Cohen, this National Historic Landmark was completed in 1959. Wright's only synagogue evokes the biblical Mt. Sinai in modern materials of concrete, steel, aluminum, and glass.
8231 Old York Rd., Elkins Park
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Bethel A.M.E. Church
Founded 1808 & known as the African Church. Chartered in 1818. Located nearby in early years, church was site of area's first school for colored children, 1831, & statewide civil rights convention, 1841. Congregation moved to Wylie Avenue, 1872; to Webster Avenue, 1959.
405 1st Ave., at Smithfield St., Pittsburgh
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Bethel A.M.E. Church
Berks County's oldest Black church building. Erected 1837 by free African Americans; became an Underground Railroad station for escaped slaves seeking freedom. Rebuilt 1867; remodeled 1889. Congregation, dating from 1822, moved to Windsor Street in 1974.
119 N. 10th St., Reading
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Bethel A.M.E. Church
Among the earliest (c. 1820) African American congregations located west of the Susquehanna River. The site of Underground Railroad activity. Abolitionists John Peck and John B. Vashon were members. A.M.E. national Bishops Daniel Payne and Wills Nazrey were associated with the church.
131 E Pomfret St., Carlisle
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Bethel Burying Ground
Purchased in 1810 by Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church trustees, it was among the first independent cemeteries for the free black community. Burials ceased in 1864. The land was sold to the city in 1889. Weccacoe Park was built over the graves of thousands of African Americans.
Weccacoe Playground, 426 Queen St., at S Lawrence St., Philadelphia
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Bethel Presbyterian Church
Founded 1776, in the Old Stone Manse in South Park, by Rev. John McMillan, pioneer minister and educator. It is the mother of five nearby churches and has given its name to the community. In the cemetery, 14 Revolutionary War soldiers from this area are buried.
2977 Bethel Church Rd. (county highway) between PA 88 & US 19, Bethel Park
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Bethlehem
Religious, cultural, and industrial center. Founded 1741 by Moravians, who excelled as missionaries and musicians. Place of refuge during Indian wars. Lehigh Canal, opened 1829, brought industrialization. Home of Bethlehem Steel.
Main St. (PA 412) entering city from S (Missing)
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Bethlehem
Religious, cultural, and industrial center. Founded 1741 by Moravians, who excelled as missionaries and musicians. Place of refuge during Indian wars. Lehigh Canal, opened 1829, brought industrialization. Home of Bethlehem Steel.
US 22 East of City (Missing)
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Bethlehem
Religious, cultural, and industrial center. Founded 1741 by Moravians, who excelled as missionaries and musicians. Place of refuge during Indian wars. Lehigh Canal, opened 1829, brought industrialization. Home of Bethlehem Steel.
US 22 West of City (Missing)
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Bethlehem Steel Plant
Headquartered here, it was one of the most important iron and steel manufacturers in the nation. In 1863, Bethlehem Iron Co. began producing railroad rails. Steel manufacturing began in 1873 with armor plate and guns forged for the US Navy. The plant was a major defense manufacturer for the Allied Forces during both World Wars. Structural steel produced here was used to build many iconic skyscrapers and long-span bridges. The plant closed in 1995.
E 3rd & Filmore Sts., at Main Gate, Bethlehem
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Betsy Ross (1752-1836)
Credited with making the first stars and stripes flag, Ross was a successful upholsterer. She produced flags for the government for over 50 years. As a skilled artisan, Ross represents the many women who supported their families during the Revolution and early Republic.
239 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Betzwood Motion Picture Studio
Founded by film pioneer Siegmund Lubin in 1912 and later owned and operated by Wolf Brothers, Inc. of Philadelphia (1917-1922), this studio was the site of production for over 100 films of various genres. With both electric and daylight stages, its own power plant, and a complete processing laboratory, the 350-acre studio was world famous as one of the largest and most advanced studios of its time
Behind Lubin Bldg., on bike/ped. path near Betzwood Park picnic area and Rts. 422/363 (S Trooper/Valley Forge Rd.), West Norriton Twp.
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Biery's Port
First structure, a grist mill, was built about 1752. Starting 1801, Frederick Biery developed the area commercially; erected several landmark stone buildings. This is the oldest part of Catasauqua (incorporated 1853) which was an early home to the anthracite iron industry.
Race St. (SR 1004) near Front St., Catasauqua
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Big Spring Graveyard
Among those buried here are victims of the Great Cove Massacre of Nov. 1, 1755, at present McConnellsburg. The raid was conducted by Delawares and Shawnees led by Shingas, the Delaware "king." Houses were burned, and about 50 settlers were killed or captured. Its revelation at a meeting of Pennsylvania's Provincial Council, Nov. 5, 1755, led Gov. R.H. Morris to ask the Assembly for increased frontier protection.
Great Cove Rd. (US 522), 2.8 miles S of McConnellsburg
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Big Spring Presbyterian Church
Original log meeting house was erected 1737 near the Big Spring. Church was fully organized, October 1738. Present stone structure was built 1789, and in 1790 the trustees laid out Newville as a town on the church-owned glebe.
S. Corporation St. at church, Newville
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Bigler Graves
Jacob and Susan Bigler, parents of two governors, are buried here. Their son William was Governor of Pennsylvania, 1852-55; and their son John, Governor of California, 1852-56.
PA 58 (628 Mercer Rd.) at Salem Rd., SE of Greenville
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Billie Holiday (1915-1959)
Known as "Lady Day," she was called the greatest jazz vocalist of her time. Starting in 1933, she recorded with Benny Goodman, Teddy Wilson, and others. Notable songs include "Lover Man," "Strange Fruit." In this city, she often lived here.
1409 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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Billy Eckstein (1914-1993)
African American jazz balladeer and bandleader whose innovative style and sponsorship of new talent helped revolutionize jazz in the 1940s. One of the nation's most popular vocalists, he had 11 gold records. He grew up in this house.
5913 Bryant St., Highland Park (Pittsburgh)
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Birmingham Friends' Meeting House - PLAQUE
Erected in 1783. Used as a hospital after the Battle of Brandywine September 11, 1777.
Wall of Meetinghouse, Birmingham Rd. (SR 2001), .5 mile SE of W Street Rd. (PA 926), West Chester
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Birth of Cable Television
The first cable television system in Pennsylvania, believed to be the first in the United States, was established June 1948 in Mahanoy City by John Walson. This community antenna (CATV) system, operated by Mr. Walson's Service Electric Company, initially connected only three channels to his Main and Pine Street store and a few homes. In the following decade, Service Electric grew to serve many thousands of cable subscribers.
Vulcan Hill Rd. (PA 54), just E of Mahanoy City
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Birthplace of Commercial Ice Cream Production
In 1851 C. Jacob Fussell built a factory nearby to produce ice cream from the surplus milk and cream of York County dairy farmers. This was the first time that ice cream had been mass-produced for commercial distribution in the US. The nearby Northern Central Railroad provided easy access to the Baltimore market. After Fussell moved his operations to Baltimore, commercial production was continued by local manufacturers into the 1940s.
On York Co. Heritage Rail Trail at bridge over Rt. 214, Seven Valleys
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Birthplace of John Alfred Brashear (1840-1920) - PLAQUE
Famed as a maker of astronomical instruments. Distinguished as Pennsylvania's "best loved citizen." "Somewhere beneath the stars is a work which you alone were meant to do. Never rest until you have found it." John Alfred Brashear.
517-523 Market St. (US 40) at 6th Ave., Brownsville
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Birthplace of the Direct Primary
Here in Crawford County on Sept. 9, 1842, direct primary elections were born when county Democrats used this system to nominate county offices. Republicans here began voting by this method in 1860. This "Crawford County System" gradually spread to other counties and to other states. By the early 20th century, it had become the nation's standard system for selecting party nominees for most offices.
Diamond Park Sq. / Main St. at the Courthouse, Meadville
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Bishop James M. Thoburn
Methodist missionary to India, south Asia, and the Philippines, 1859 to 1908. Upon retirement he lived in Meadville until his death in 1922. He is buried in Greendale Cemetery.
PA 77 at E end of Meadville
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Black Boys Rebellion
This conflict began in 1765 on the site of the Widow Barr's house west of here, when British troops from Fort Loudon skirmished with a group of white settlers, wounding colonist James Brown. "The Black Boys," led by James Smith, opposed renewed trade relations with the Indians due to recent attacks, often disrupting British supply shipments to western forts. The incident is considered by many to be the first armed resistance to British rule.
Ft. Loudon Rd. (PA 75), ~1.4 miles S of Fort Loudon
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Black Horse Tavern
Old tavern stood on this site, which was the lot granted to Baltzer Spengler by the sons of William Penn for services in the laying out of York in 1741.
NW section of square, York
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Blaine House
Home of Gen. Ephraim Blaine, Commissary General of Revolutionary Army, stood on this site. George Washington was a guest here, Oct. 4-11, 1794, while mustering an armed force to quell Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania.
S. Hanover St. between Pomfret & High Sts., Carlisle
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Blair County
Formed on February 26, 1846 from Bedford and Huntingdon counties. Named for the Hon. John Blair, a prominent citizen who died in 1832. Hollidaysburg, county seat, was incorporated 1836. City of Altoona, founded 1849, became a major railroad center.
Courthouse, 423 Allegheny St., Hollidaysburg
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Blair Homestead
Erected 1785 by Thomas Blair. Residence of his son, John Blair, for whom Blair County was named in 1846. John Blair was a member of the General Assembly and until his death, 1832, a leading citizen of the region.
SR 3012 (old US 22) opposite Zimmerman Ln., ~1.4 miles W of Duncansville (MISSING)
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Blair Homestead
Opposite here on the side road is the stone house of Thomas Blair, erected 1785. It was also the home of his son, John Blair, leading citizen of the region for whom Blair County was named in 1846.
opposite 1220 Foot of Ten Rd. (old William Penn Hwy.) near Willow Bridge Ln., W of Duncansville
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Blanket Hill
So named from the blankets left by the Armstrong expedition after destroying Kittanning. Here also was a stopping point of the troops on en route to attack the Indians, Sept. 7, 1756.
US 422, .2 mile west of Blanket Hill Rd. (SR 2007), ~6 miles SE of Kittanning
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Blooming Grove Dunkard Meeting House - PLAQUE
Built 1828 by German colonists who came to this valley beginning 1805 seeking religious freedom - led by Dr. Frederick Haller and including the following families, Heim - Ulmer - Staiger - Waltz - Kiess - Young - Harmon - Gross - Biehl - Scheel - Burghardt.
At meetinghouse on Dunkard Church Rd., 2 miles E of Balls Mills and .7 mile S of PA 973
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Blossburg Coal
From 1840-90, "Bloss" coal from the mines of the nearby region was widely known and used as smithing and steam coal. Tioga in those years was a leading county in bituminous coal production in the U.S.
PA 287 & Sand Run Rd. (SR 3009) at creek, ~3 miles N of Morris
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Blue Mountain Forts
In 1763-64, from a line of six loghouse stations to the north, settlers were defended by the Paxton Rangers "“ volunteers paid by Pennsylvania's Provincial government. Fort Hunter was on the Susquehanna just north of Blue Mountain, and the other five stations were just south of the mountain "“ located at regular intervals over the 23 miles between the river and the Swatara Creek. A similar line of stations had existed, 1756-57.
Jonestown Rd. (old US 22), near intersection with PA 934, at Harper Tavern
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Bob Hoffman
The "Father of World Weightlifting" & founder of the York Barbell Club was the U.S. Olympic weightlifting coach,1948-64; also actively promoted the sports of powerlifting & bodybuilding. Served as an official advisor on youth physical fitness for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Nixon. Founded the York Barbell Company on Broad Street in 1932.
3300 Board Rd. (SR 1031) at York Barbell, across from PA Steel Co., off Emigsville I-83 exit, York
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Boehm's Chapel
Built 1791, this "Temple of Limestone" is the oldest existing structure designed for Methodist use in Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest in the U.S. Erected on land formerly owned by Bishop Martin Boehm, co-founder of the United Brethren in Christ, it was frequently visited by Bishop Francis Asbury, "Father of American Methodism."
PA 272 southbound at W Boehm's Rd., S end of Willow Street (town name)
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Bogart's Tavern
First licensed in 1763, it was headquarters of the Committee of Observation and Inspection, which organized the revolutionary movement in Bucks County in 1775 & 1776. It was also the site where the county's first military organizations of the Revolution mustered in 1775, & served as General Nathanael Greene's Headquarters in 1776.
York Rd. (Rt. 263) & Durham Rd. (Rt. 413), Buckingham
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Bonnet Tavern
This inn at the junction of the Forbes and Burd Roads was operated, 1779-1815, by Jean Bonnet and his heirs. In mid-1794, during the Whiskey Rebellion, embattled farmers met here and raised a liberty pole to protest the federal excise tax on whiskey. That October, troops called by President Washington camped here on their march west to quell the insurrection.
Jct. of Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) & Allegheny Rd. (PA 31), ~4 miles NW of Bedford
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Booth Maternity Center
Established in 1971, Booth revolutionized women's health care by offering expectant mothers natural, family-centered childbirth options. It became a national model for its midwife training and for its promotion of midwife/doctor collaboration to improve care. The hospital pioneered the nationwide practice of permitting family members to support women during labor and delivery and advocated birth center accreditation. It closed in 1989.
St. Joseph's Univ. - Moore Hall, 6051 Overbrook Dr., Philadelphia
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Bost Building
Completed, early 1892. Through that summer, it was headquarters for the strike committee of the Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers. Telegraph lines installed here transmitted the news from journalists who were covering the Homestead Strike.
617-623 E 8th Ave. near Heisel St., Homestead
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Bouquet Camp
Bouquet Camp, a base of supply in the Forbes campaign in 1758 forcing the French to abandon Fort Duquesne, was about three miles east. Named in honor of Col. Bouquet, second in command and builder of the Forbes Road.
Saltsburg Rd. (PA 380) & Frankstown Ave. (Petermans Corner), Penn Hills Twp.
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Bower Hill
Site of Gen. John Neville's mansion, burned to the ground by insurgents during a major escalation of violence in the Whiskey Rebellion, July 16-17, 1794. Gen. Neville was Inspector of Revenue under President Washington. In the two-day battle, Neville with his slaves and a small federal detachment met a force of over 500 rebels. Two opposition leaders, Oliver Miller and James McFarlane, were killed.
at John J. Kane Regl. Ctr., 292 Kane Blvd., Scott Twp., NE of Bridgeville (beside catholic church property)
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Bowman Field
Built 1926. Long noted as Pennsylvania's oldest operating minor league baseball park and the nation's second oldest. The first professional game here was played April 27, 1926, between the Williamsport Grays and the Negro league Harrisburg Giants. Over the years this park became home to successive Williamsport teams and hosted many major league teams for exhibition games. Originally Memorial Field; renamed 1929 for J. Walton Bowman.
1700 W 4th St., on grounds of BB&T Ballpark, near entrance, Williamsport
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Boyertown Burial Casket Company
Established here in 1893 by C.A. Mory and Associates, it was among the largest casket manufacturers in the world and earliest traded on the N.Y. and Phila. stock exchanges.  The company secured numerous patents for innovative improvements and designs and was renowned for its fine craftsmanship. Progressive marketing techniques led to international sales. After the company's sale in 1987 and closure in 1988, the factory was demolished.
23 N Walnut St., Boyertown, near Philadelphia Ave. and Walnut Woods Retirement Community
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Braddock Expedition
In 1755 supplies for Braddock's army were stored here in Edward Shippen's strong stone house "at the back Run." James Burd, the son-in-law of Shippen, opened a road to carry these supplies to the west. After Braddock's defeat remaining supplies were given to sufferers from Indian attacks.
W. King St. (US 11) between Spring & Morris Sts., Shippensburg
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Braddock Park
Gen. Edward Braddock was buried here in 1755, after his disastrous defeat and death. The site of his original grave, the new grave to which his remains were moved in 1804, and a trace of the Braddock Road may be seen here.
US 40, 2.5 miles NW of Farmington
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Braddock Road
General Braddock's flying column passed a little NE of here on June 23, 1755, after pausing two days at Bear Camp in Maryland to cut a road in the side of the mountain. In order to reach Fort Duquesne before French reinforcements could arrive, no time was taken to erect strong redoubts along the way.
National Pike (US 40) at Camp Ground Rd. (T310), Addison (MISSING)
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Braddock Road (Dunbar's Camp)
General Braddock's army ascended the ridge east of this point and advanced toward Gist's Plantation. Col. Dunbar's detachment, following with the heavy baggage, made its last camp here. Later, as Braddock's defeated army streamed back, Dunbar destroyed his supplies and withdrew.
Jumonville Rd. (SR 2021), ~3 mi N of Rt. 40, Jumonville
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Braddock Road (Rock Fort Camp)
General Braddock's tenth camp, June 26, 1755, on the march to Fort Duquesne, was at the Half King's Rock, one mile NE of here. The Rock was named for Washington's friend Tanacharisson, the Iroquois viceroy (half king) of the Ohio Indians. Washington met him here in 1754.
US 40 at Jumonville Rd. (SR 2021), across from Summit Inn & Restaurant, Summit
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Braddock Road (Stewart's Crossing)
General Braddock's twelfth camp, June 28, 1755, on the march to Fort Duquesne, was north of here, near the Youghiogheny River. On June 30, the army forded the River at Stewart's Crossing to a point about one-half mile northwest of present-day Connellsville.
U.S. 119, .2 mile S of Connellsville
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Braddock Road (Twelve Springs Camp)
General Braddock's eighth camp, June 24, 1755, on the march to Fort Duquesne, was about half a mile SW. Chestnut Ridge, seen on the horizon to the west, was the last mt. range to be crossed. Axemen widened an Indian path for the passage of supply wagons and artillery over it.
US 40, 3.5 miles SE of Farmington
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Braddock's Crossing
Below this hill, about midday on July 9, 1755, a British army of 1300 made its second crossing of the river and advanced to drive the French from Fort Duquesne. A few hours later, with General Braddock mortally wounded and his army routed, survivors recrossed, pursued by the French and Indians.
Kennywood (PA 837) Blvd. near Hoffman Blvd. at Kennywood Park, West Mifflin
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Braddock's Defeat
July 9, 1755 Gen. Braddock's British forces en route to capture Fort Duquesne were ambushed and routed by French and Indians within present limits of Braddock and North Braddock, forcing retreat and failure of the expedition.
562 Jones Ave., east side, near Braddock Lib., Braddock
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Braddock's Field
Known as the high tide of the Whiskey Rebellion, the rendezvous of militias from Pennsylvania's four western counties took place here, August 1-2, 1794. This was the largest armed resistance to the national government between the Revolutionary and Civil War eras. Although this demonstration by 5,000 to 7,000 men was essentially peaceful, it signaled to the government a need for military force to suppress the revolt.
549 Jones Ave., Washington Statue Park, Braddock
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Bradford County
Formed on February 21, 1810 from Lycoming and Luzerne counties. Named Ontario County until 1812; renamed for the second U.S. Attorney General, William Bradford. County seat of Towanda was incorporated 1828. Famous for Sullivan's March and David Wilmot.
At County Courthouse, Main St. (US 6) between Court & Park, Towanda
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Bradford House
Built in 1788 by David Bradford, leader of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. Occupied by him until he fled to Spanish West Florida after the collapse of the Rebellion.
175 S. Main St., Washington
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Bradford Oil Refinery
One of the oldest refineries in continuous production in the US was founded near here in 1881 by pioneer independent oilmen Robert Childs, Eli Loomis, and William Willis. The original refining capacity was 10 barrels a day. One-hundred twenty-five years later, the refinery processed over 9000 barrels daily, purchasing more than three million barrels of Pennsylvania Grade crude oil annually, most of it from wells within 125 miles.
at refinery entrance, 77 N Kendall Ave. (near Brad Penn Way), Bradford
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Brady's Bend
Named for Capt. Samuel Brady (1756-1795), famed frontier scout and the subject of many legends. Near here in June 1779 -- in what was then Seneca territory -- he led a force seeking to redress the killing of a settler and her four children, and the taking of two children as prisoners. The force surrounded a party of seven Indians -- apparently both Seneca and Munsee -- killing their leader (a Munsee warrior) and freeing the two children.
PA 68 / T581, 1.3 miles E of Brady's Bend at Lookout
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Brady's Bend Works
Located near this point, 1839-73. Organized as the Great Western and later known as the Brady's Bend Iron Company. One of that era's largest iron works, and first to make iron rails west of the Alleghenies.
PA 68, just W of Queenstown Rd., ~1 mile NW of Allegheny River Bridge, East Brady
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Brandywine Battlefield - Commonwealth Treasure
The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission declares Brandywine Battlefield a Commonwealth Treasure for all to protect and preserve as the site of one of the major battles in the colonists' fight for independence
Birmingham Rd. and S New Street Rd., Birmingham Twp.
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Brandywine Mansion
Historic Fleming house, purchased by Moses Coates in 1787. Acquired in 1810 by Jesse Kersey and Isaac Pennock, founders of the Brandywine Iron Works. Occupied 1816-1825 by Pennock's son-in-law, Dr. Charles Lukens, whose widow Rebecca continued and expanded the firm's operations following his death. Rebecca Lukens, who lived here until her death in 1854, gained renown for her vision and business capability.
102 S. 1st Ave., Coatesville
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Brashear House
John A. Brashear, astronomer, educator, was born here 1840. His grandfather kept the Brashear House, a leading tavern. In 1825 Lafayette spoke from its doorway to the people of Brownsville.
517-523 Market St. (old US 40) at 6th Ave., Brownsville
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Brethren's House
Built 1748 by Moravians as house for single men. Early industry center: bell foundry, silkworm culture, other crafts and trades. Military hospital in Revolution. Girls' school from 1815. Now part of Moravian College and a museum.
At site, W Church St. at Main St., Bethlehem
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Bristol
Early river port laid out as Buckingham, 1697. The third oldest borough in Pennsylvania, chartered Nov. 14, 1720. County seat of Bucks, 1705-26. Travel and trade center for over two hundred years.
US 13, .8 miles N of 4th Ave., at Turnpike off-ramp, N of Bristol (Missing)
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Bristol
Early river port laid out as Buckingham, 1697. The third oldest borough in Pennsylvania, chartered Nov. 14, 1720. County seat of Bucks, 1705-26. Travel and trade center for over two hundred years.
Otter St., just past old Rt. 13 intersection, SW of Bristol
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Broad Street Station
Opened here, 1881, by the Pennsylvania Railroad; enlarged 1893. This was once the world's largest railroad passenger terminal. Its great arched train shed burned, 1923. The station and its long elevated stone track bed (the "Chinese Wall") remained until 1952-53.
NW corner, N 15th & Market Sts.
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Brown's Mill School
Built in 1836. Used until 1921 as one-room elementary school.
At site, Brown's Mill Rd. at Angle Rd. (off Rt. 11 via Kaufman Rd.), SE of Marion
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Brownsville
Once called Redstone Old Fort, its historic past includes the Ohio Company storehouse, 1754, and Fort Burd, 1759. It was on the route of Nemacolin's Trail, of Burd's Road, and of the National Road.
National Pike E (Bus. 40) near Locust St, Brownsville
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Bryden Horse Shoe Works
Established in 1882, this plant was one of the largest of its kind in the world. It produced a wide variety of horseshoes using the unique patented process of George Bryden. Their high quality led to international demand and distribution. Thousands of Bryden shoes were supplied to the British War Dept., 1899-1910, during and after the Boer War. Bryden became Phoenix Manufacturing Co. in 1928 and converted production to commercial forging.
At Phoenix Manuf. Co., 800 Front St., Catasauqua
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Bryn Athyn Cathedral
This Swedenborgian center is noted architecturally. Buildings in 14th-century Gothic and 12th-century Romanesque styles. Built by cooperative craft guilds in medieval way. Endowed by John Pitcairn.
Huntingdon Pike (PA 232) in Bryn Athyn at Cathedral
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Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
A pioneering liberal arts school for working women was held here on the campus of Bryn Mawr College, 1921-1938. Led by Hilda Worthington Smith, it graduated over 1,700 students from diverse racial, ethnic and geographic backgrounds; some became community, labor union, and public leaders. The school served as a model for workers' and labor education programs at colleges and universities across the nation.
Bryn Mawr Campus, Morris Ave. at Yarrow St., Bryn Mawr
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Buchanan Furnace
A short distance NW of here is the well-preserved cold blast furnace, named for James Buchanan. It was built in 1844; abandoned, 1858, due to lack of timber. At the time of its operation, the iron industry was very prosperous in Clarion County.
PA 58 just N of PA 368, just E of Callensburg
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Buchanan House
James Buchanan, lawyer, statesman, diplomat, 15th President of the U.S., born in Stony Batter, lived here 1796-1807. Sgt. Patrick Gass, carpenter for winter quarters on the Lewis & Clark expedition, 1803-06, worked here as an apprentice, 1794-95.
17 N Main St., Mercersburg
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Buckaloons
A famous Indian village at the junction of Brokenstraw Creek and the Allegheny, visited by Celoron in 1749 and destroyed by Brodhead in 1779. Burial mounds excavated here indicate the antiquity of this site.
Buckaloons Rec. Area, off Natl. Forge Rd. near US 62 in Brokenstraw Twp., E of Irvine (inaccessible during winter months)
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Buckingham Meeting House
This stone meeting house was built by the Friends in 1806, to replace a log structure built about 1768, with later stone additions. It was later used as a military hospital in the Revolution.
US 202 NE of Buckingham (Missing)
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Bucknell University
Organized in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg by the Baptist Church. Named Bucknell University in 1886, honoring William Bucknell, donor and trustee. Degrees first conferred upon women students in 1885.
PA 405 at junction PA 45 3 miles S of Milton
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Bucknell University
Organized in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg by the Baptist Church. Named Bucknell University in 1886, honoring William Bucknell, donor and trustee. Degrees first conferred upon women students in 1885.
S Deer Dr. (US 15) near Moore Ave. at stadium, Lewisburg
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Bucks County
One of Pennsylvania's three original counties. Formed 1682 by William Penn and site of his home, Pennsbury Manor. Name is derived from abbreviation for Buckinghamshire in England. Doylestown, chosen as county seat in 1812, was incorporated 1838.
Courthouse, E. Court St. near N Broad, Doylestown
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Buffalo Church
Organized by Presbyterian pioneers, 1773; broken up by Indian raids. Resumed, with first regular pastor, 1787. Log church of about 1775 replaced by stone in 1816 and by brick in 1846.
Buffalo Rd. (PA 192) at Meeting House Ln., ~3 miles W of Lewisburg
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Buffalo Church
Organized by Presbyterian pioneers, 1773; broken up by Indian raids. Resumed, with first regular pastor, 1787. Log church of about 1775 replaced by stone in 1816, by brick in 1846. It stands a mile to the north.
Old Turnpike Rd. (PA 45), at Johnson Mill Rd. (SR 1001), ~3 miles W of Lewisburg
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Bullet's Defeat
French and Indian troops defeated a party of 100 Virginians under the command of Captain Thomas Bullet near here on May 22, 1759. Bullet and his troops were taking provisions from Bedford to Fort Ligonier when they were attacked. They suffered over 40 casualties and lost many of their supplies.
Old Forbes Rd. (SR1010 50), Ligonier
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Burd Patterson
Anthracite pioneer. He developed slope method for mining below water table, 1835. His Pottsville Furnace was the first successful smelter of anthracite iron, 1839-40. His home, built 1830-35, was first of the mansions to line Mahantongo St.
803 Mahantongo St., Pottsville
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Burd Tombs
Col. James Burd of "Tinian," able and gallant officer in the French and Indian Wars, author of Middletown Resolves for Independence, June 1774, and his wife, Sarah Shippen, lie buried near the entrance of Middletown Cemetery.
Pa. 441, N. Union St. at Park Circle Rd., Middletown
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Burning of Chambersburg
Occupied the morning of July 30, 1864, by cavalry of Confederate Gen. John McCausland. Failing to obtain ransom, he burned the town in reprisal for ruin in the Shenandoah Valley by Gen. David Hunter.
SE corner of square at Rts. 30 & 11, Chambersburg
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Burning of Chambersburg
Over this road Gen. John McCausland's Confederate cavalry marched north on July 29, 1864. By way of Mercersburg, they reached and burned Chambersburg next morning, and were at McConnellsburg next night.
Blairs Valley Rd. at Hunter Rd., Montgomery Twp.
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Burnt Cabins
Early settlers' cabins in this vicinity were burned by Provincial forces, 1750, to satisfy Indian protests against white trespassers on their lands. The name is a relic of troubled days on the Pennsylvania frontier.
U.S. 522, .2 mile S of Burnt Cabins, county line
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Bushy Run
Four miles to the north, at Bushy Run, an army under Col. Henry Bouquet defeated the Indians Aug. 5-6, 1763. This raised the siege of Fort Pitt and opened the gateway for settlement of the West. It is now a State Park.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) at Lowry Ave., S end of Jeanette
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Bushy Run
Three miles to the south, at Bushy Run, an army under Col. Henry Bouquet defeated the Indians, Aug. 5-6, 1763. This raised the siege of Fort Pitt and opened the gateway for settlement of the West. It is now a State Park.
Sheridan Rd. (PA 66) at Pittsburgh St. (old US 22), Delmont
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Bushy Run Battlefield
British and Americans under Col. Henry Bouquet defeated the Indians here, August 5-6, 1763, during the Pontiac War, and lifted the siege of Ft. Pitt.
At site, Bushy Run Rd. (PA 993), 1 mile E of Harrison City
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Butler County
Formed March 12, 1800, from Allegheny County. Named for Gen. Richard Butler, Revolutionary officer. A young George Washington had crossed this area, 1753. County seat was established at Butler in 1803, and the county was home of the Harmony Society, 1804-15.
County Courthouse, Main St. (PA 8), Butler
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Byberry Hall
Meeting place built in 1846-47 adjacent to Byberry Friends Meeting by renowned African American abolitionist Robert Purvis and others to facilitate public discussion of slavery and other social issues. Many famous abolitionists such as James and Lucretia Mott and William Lloyd Garrison spoke here. Purvis's farm estate across Byberry Road was a regular station on the Underground Railroad. Purvis estimated he helped over 9,000 to escape.
3003 Byberry Rd., Philadelphia
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Byron D. Benson (1832-1888)
A founder and first president of Tidewater Pipe Co., est. 1878. He transformed the shipment of oil with a larger 6-inch pipe that covered greater distances than ever before. This pipeline was first to carry Pa. crude directly to coastal refineries. Benson lived here, 1872-88.
603 N Perry St., Titusville
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C. DeLores Tucker (1927-2005)
Civil rights leader and activist for women, she was the first African American Secretary of State in the nation. Championed the PA Equal Rights Amendment and policies on affirmative action, voter registration by mail, and lowering the voting age to 18. Spearheaded the creation of the Commission on the Status of Women & led a successful crusade critical of the music industry and lyrics demeaning to women, African Americans, and children.
North St. between 3rd & Commonwealth, Harrisburg
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C. DeLores Tucker (1927-2005)
Civil rights leader and activist for women. She was the first African American Secretary of State in the nation. Lived here for 47 years. Spearheaded Commission on the Status of Women and championed the PA Equal Rights Amendment, policies on affirmative action, voter registration by mail and lowering the voting age to 18. Led a successful crusade critical of the music industry and lyrics demeaning to women, African Americans, and children.
6700 Lincoln Dr., Phila.
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C. Frederick Post
Sent by Provincial officials to draw Indian friendship away from the French, the Moravian missionary held councils at Kuskuskies Towns, August to November, 1758. His work, and the threat of Gen. Forbes' army, forced the French to leave present-day Pittsburgh on November 24, 1758.
Montgomery Ave. (SR 18) & Mt. Jackson Rd. (SR 108), SW of New Castle
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Caleb Pusey
An English-born Quaker and lastmaker, Pusey (1651-1727) purchased 250 acres from William Penn in 1681. As agent and grist mill manager for him, and colonial office holder, he was visited by Penn here.
Main St. at Race St., Upland
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Caledonia Furnace
Erected in 1837 by Thaddeus Stevens and James D. Paxton. Stevens' antislavery stand led to its destruction by Gen. Jubal Early, June 26, 1863, on his way to York during the early Gettysburg campaign.
US 30 & PA 233, Caledonia State Park, east end of Fayetteville
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California Boatyards
A major steamboat building center on the Monongahela, 1852-79. No fewer than 131 boats were constructed here (74 in the 1850s alone), primarily for the western river trade. The boatyards ceased operations when the railroad (P V & C) acquired the right-of-way, 1879.
Borough library (old railroad station), Wood St., California
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Cambria City
Founded in 1853, this neighborhood was the first home to immigrants who came to Johnstown to find work in the coal mines and steel mills. Nationality churches and ethnic clubs exemplify the neighborhood's rich and diverse culture.
464 Broad St., at 5th Ave., Johnstown
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Cambria County
Formed March 26, 1804 out of Huntingdon and Somerset counties. Its name, dating from Roman Britain, means "Wales." County seat, Ebensburg, was incorporated 1825. Famed Portage Railroad extended west to Johnstown. Birthplace of Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary.
County Courthouse, 225 S Center St., Ebensburg
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Cambridge Springs
Between 1884 and 1915, this was a major health resort, founded upon the various mineral springs here. Dr. John H. Gray, who had discovered spring water on his farm, began prescribing and marketing it in 1884. By the early 1900s, some forty inns and resort hotels were operating, including the palatial Hotel Rider and the Riverside Inn. Passenger trains ran here daily. Ultimately, changes in medical practices ended this health spa's heyday.
at the Public Park, intersection of PA Routes 19 (Venango Ave.) & 86 (Main St.), Cambridge Springs
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Camel Back Bridge
Covered wooden bridge, designed by Theodore Burr, was built here in 1813-17; called "Camel Back" because of its unique arch design. The structure, partly rebuilt in 1847 and 1867, was replaced after severe flood damage in 1902.
Riverfront Park, Front & Market Sts., Harrisburg
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Cameron County
Formed March 29, 1860 from Clinton, McKean, Potter and Elk counties. Named for Sen. Simon Cameron. County seat, Emporium, was incorporated 1864. Lumbering was of early importance, and flagstone at Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was later quarried here.
County Courthouse, 20 E 5th St., Emporium
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Camp Curtin
Here on 80 acres stood a great training camp of the Civil War. It was named after Andrew Gregg Curtin, Pennsylvania Governor, 1861-67. Between April 1861 and April 1865, more military units were organized here than at any other Northern camp.
6th & Woodbine Sts., in the park, Harrisburg
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Camp Elder Civil War Paroled P.O.W. Camp
After the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, over 2,000 Union prisoners were held at a makeshift camp here, awaiting exchange for Confederate prisoners. Retreating armies often issued battlefield paroles to captured enemy soldiers, who were then held by their own army. The community welcomed these men and tended the injured for several weeks until the Federal government declared the paroles invalid and returned the prisoners to their regiments.
Oakbourne Rd. & Trellis Ln., Westtown Twp.
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Camp George Gordon Meade
Covering three square miles, the former Camp Meade was situated a half mile to the northwest. Named for famed Civil War General, it was opened during the Spanish American War and visited by William McKinley on August 27, 1898.
Pa. 441 at Middletown Area High School near Pa. Turnpike overpass
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Camp Reynolds
Site of a 3300-acre U.S. Army facility, 1942-45. Originally the Shenango Personnel Replacement Depot; renamed 1943. During World War II about a million troops passed through here; most were headed for Europe. A peak of 75,000 were housed here at one time; racial unrest flared up, July 1943. Here also were over 1800 German prisoners of war, 1944-46. After 1946 this became a scene of major civilian development.
N Hermitage Rd. (Rt. 18), near 10th St., Greenville
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Camp Security
A prison camp built in 1781 to detain British troops surrendered by Gen. Burgoyne at Saratoga, N.Y. and their families. Prisoners captured at Yorktown, Va arrived later. It was guarded by York County militia and Continental troops until operations ceased at the end of the American Revolution in 1783. The camp consisted of log huts and a large stockade. Archaeological evidence confirmed its location less than a mile to the south.
E Market St (PA 462/old US 30), 3 miles E of York at Stonybrook
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Camp William Penn
Here was Pennsylvania's only training camp for African American soldiers -- and the largest of 18 in the nation -- during the Civil War. Comprising over 10,000 men, 11 regiments of U.S. Colored Troops were trained here: the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 32nd, 41st, 43rd, 45th & 127th. Recruits first arrived on June 26, 1863; many were to fight in Virginia, South Carolina, Florida & elsewhere. The camp closed August 14, 1865.
7322 Sycamore Ave., LaMott
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Camptown
Stephen Foster's well-known song, "Camptown Races," was probably inspired by the horse races run from this village to Wyalusing. "The Tioga Waltz," Foster's first music, was completed during his residence in nearby Towanda and Athens in 1840-41.
Junction PA 706 & 409 at Camptown
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Camptown Races
Stephen Foster's title for the well-known song is said to have been taken from nearby Camptown. Foster's residence at Towanda and Athens may have created the association.
Junction US 6 & PA 409, 4.2 miles N of Wyalusing
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Canal Basin
Here at Hollidaysburg the 127-mile Juniata Division of the Pennsylvania Canal met the Allegheny Portage Railroad, which extended 36 miles west over the mountain to Johnstown. The Juniata Division was opened in 1832, the railroad in March 1834. Regarded as an engineering marvel, the railroad climbed 1398 feet in ten miles.
N Juniata St. (US 22) at Canal Basin Park, W end of Hollidaysburg
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Canal Basin
End of Erie Extension of the Pennsylvania Canal system. Work begun here July 4, 1838. Canal formally opened Dec. 5, 1844, by arrival of "R.S. Reed" with Mercer County coal, and "Queen of the West" with passengers.
34 State St., near bicentennial tower, Erie
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Capoose
On the nearby flat was located an Indian village under the chief, Capoose. It was settled by Munsee following their removal from the upper Delaware valley after 1743.
1030 Providence Rd., at Diamond St., West Scranton
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Capt. John Brady
The famed Indian fighter and hero of the colonial wars and the Revolution was killed in ambush by Indians near here April 11, 1779. He commanded Fort Brady at present Muncy at the time.
N Main St. (SR 2014) near Industrial Park Rd., .8 mile N of Muncy
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Capt. Phillips' Rangers Memorial
Graves of ten of Capt. Phillips' militia killed by Indians, July 16, 1780. (Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.) - blued out due to no longer administered by PHMC
At site at deadend of Capt. Phillip's Meml. Rd., off PA 26, 4 miles NW of Saxton
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Capt. Philo McGiffin
Born Dec. 13, 1860, on this site. Graduate U.S. Naval Academy. Went to China in 1885, built up and trained its Navy. Sept. 17, 1894, it fought the Japanese to a draw in a naval battle at Yalu River. McGiffin died in 1897 from his injuries.
Main & Beau Sts., Washington
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Captain C.V. Gridley
Grave of Captain Gridley, commander of Dewey's flagship Olympia in the Battle of Manila Bay, 1898, is located in this cemetery. Dewey's order, "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley," opened the battle.
E. Lake Rd., in median across from Lakeside Cemetery entrance, Erie
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Captain Daniel Dobbins
Erie merchant mariner, naval officer, born in Mifflin County. Captured by the British during the War of 1812, Dobbins escaped, went to Washington to report the fall of Forts Mackinac and Detroit. Appointed a sailing master in the US Navy, he returned to Erie to supervise the construction of a squadron of warships later commanded by O.H. Perry in the Battle of Lake Erie. Dobbins served in the US Navy and Revenue Cutter Service for thirty years.
Dobbins Landing, W Bay Dr. & State St., Erie
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Captain John Brady - PLAQUE
Pioneer Surveyor, Indian fighter and Patriot Resided here 1769 to 1776 when he moved to Muncy Manor later known as Fort Brady. He served in the French and Indian War. In the Pontiac War was Captain of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment and in the Revolutionary War raised a company in the Twelfth Regiment Continental Line of which he was captain. Seriously wounded in the Battle of Germantown. He was murdered by Indians April 11, 1779, on Wolf Run near Fort Brady while home on sick leave.
PA 405 (E side), .3 mile S of PA 45 intersection, Milton
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Captain Thomas Cresap (1703-1790) - PLAQUE
A Marylander. Settled on these Indian lands of Conejohela in 1730 and held them for Lord Baltimore against the Penn Proprietors until 1736, when in the Border War he was burned out of his log house or fort near this marker toward the river - on his plantation "Pleasant Garden" - and carried prisoner to Philadelphia.
at Zimmerman Ctr., 1706 Long Level Rd. (PA 624) NE of Craley
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Captain Thomas Holme 1624-1695 - PLAQUE
William Penn's first Surveyor General of Pennsylvania made his city home near this spot. He mapped the city in 1683 and the province of Pennsylvania in 1687.
113 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Captain Ulric Dahlgren
Commanded a detachment of Union cavalry that made a surprise attack on a larger force of Confederate cavalry on this square, July 2, 1863. Important papers for General Lee were taken from the men who were captured.
SE section of Sq. (Carlisle & Baltimore Sts.), Greencastle
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Carbon County
Formed March 13, 1843 from Northampton and Monroe counties. Carbon is the basic element of this area's rich deposits of anthracite coal. The county seat, incorporated in 1850 as Mauch Chunk, was renamed in 1954 for Jim Thorpe, Indian athlete.
County Courthouse, Broadway & Susquehanna Sts., Jim Thorpe
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Carbondale
Founded by the Wurts brothers, pioneers in developing anthracite resources of the region, in 1822. Here the first underground mine was opened in June, 1831, near Seventh Ave. Chartered as a city in 1851.
60 S Main St. (Bus. 6), at Housing Authority, Carbondale
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Carbondale
Founded by the Wurts brothers, pioneers in developing anthracite resources of the region, in 1822. Here the first underground mine was opened in June, 1831, near Seventh Ave. Chartered as a city in 1851.
#5 6th Ave., at City Hall (6th Ave. side), Carbondale
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Carbondale
Founded by the Wurts brothers, pioneers in developing anthracite resources of the region, in 1822. Here the first underground mine was opened in June, 1831, near Seventh Ave. Chartered as a city in 1851.
208 Fallbrook St. (PA 106), next to guard rail, N end of Carbondale
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Carl A. Spaatz (1891-1974)
Aviation pioneer Spaatz was a 1914 graduate of West Point and a pilot in France in World War I. He rose to the rank of brigadier general in 1940 and general in 1945. During World War II he commanded the US 8th Air Force and the US Strategic Air Forces in Europe, facilitating the ground invasion and liberation of western Europe. He was first Chief of Staff of the newly independent US Air Force, 1947-48. Boyertown was his home.
PA 562 (S Reading Ave.) at W 2nd St., Boyertown
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Carl E. Stotz
Founder of Little League Baseball and Commissioner through 1955. Stotz developed the Little League idea in 1938; in the next year three teams played 24 games. It was at this site that Stotz established field distances for the pre-teenage players. The first 12 Little League World Series were held on this field, 1947-1958, and during these years the number of teams grew from 60 to thousands in many nations.
Original Little League Field, W 4th St., Williamsport
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Carlisle
Founded in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County. Historic old frontier town. Supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army in 1775. March against the Whiskey Rebels began here, 1794.
Near Walnut Bottom Rd. & Washington St. intersection, at Thornwald Park entrance, Carlisle
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Carlisle
Founded in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County. Historic old frontier town. Supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army in 1775. March against the Whiskey Rebels began here, 1794.
N Hanover St. (US 11N), across from Church of God Home, east end of Carlisle
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Carlisle
Founded in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County. Historic old frontier town. Supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army in 1775. March against the Whiskey Rebels began here, 1794.
Ritner Hwy. (US11) near W Pomfret and Forbes Road marker, W end of Carlisle
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Carlisle
Founded in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County. Historic old frontier town. Supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army in 1775. March against the Whiskey Rebels began here, 1794.
S Hanover St. (PA 34) S of Carlisle, between Noble Blvd. & Ridge St.
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Carlisle
Founded in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County. Historic old frontier town. Supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army in 1775. March against the Whiskey Rebels began here, 1794.
Carlisle Sprgs. Rd. (PA 34) N end of Carlisle, at PA Turnpike overpass
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Carlisle Barracks
Established 1757. Oldest Army Post in U.S. A powder magazine built by Hessian prisoners in 1777 survives. Burned by Confederates on July 1, 1863. Indian School, 1879-1918. Army Medical Field Service School, 1920-1946. Army War College since 1951.
US 11 opposite War College, NE end Carlisle
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Carlisle Fort
First fort authorized by Pennsylvania. Laid out by Gov. Morris, July, 1755, "in the middle of this town," on news of Braddock's defeat. Col. John Armstrong's headquarters till 1758. Called "Fort Lowther" by some later writers.
W. High St. between Pitt & Hanover Sts., Carlisle
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Carlisle Indian Industrial School
This school was the model for a nation-wide system of boarding schools intended to assimilate American Indians into mainstream culture. Over 10,000 indigenous children attended the school between 1879 and 1918. Despite idealistic beginnings, the school left a mixed and lasting legacy, creating opportunity for some students and conflicted identities for others. In this cemetery are 186 graves of students who died while at Carlisle.
North side of Claremont Road, 50 feet East of the Carlisle Barracks entrance
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Carlisle Iron Works
Founded about 1762 by John Rigbie and Co. Operated after 1781 by Michael Ege, noted ironmaster of the period. Ruins of the charcoal furnace still stand.
PA 174 just E of Boiling Springs
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Carnegie Hero Fund Commission
Established April 15, 1904, by Andrew Carnegie. The Pittsburgh-based foundation awards the Carnegie Medal in the U.S. and Canada to persons who risk their lives to save others. Heroic acts that followed the January 25, 1904, explosion in the nearby Harwick Mine inspired Carnegie, who also founded ten similar funds in Europe. Many of the explosion's 181 victims are buried in St. Mark's Cemetery just south of here.
301 Pittsburgh St. (SR 1001, old PA 28), Springdale
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Carnegie Library of Homestead Swim Team
Carnegie Library opened here 1898. Host to athletic club that included world-renowned swimmers. Coached by Jack Scarry, Olympic medal winners were Susan Laird & Jo McKim, 1928, & Lenore Kight Wingard, 1932 & 1936. Anna Mae Gorman competed in 1932.
Homestead Library, 536 10th Avenue, Munhall
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CAROLINE BURNHAM KILGORE 1838-1909
Kilgore was the first woman admitted to practice law in Pennsylvania courts. A trailblazer, she fought for 16 years for the right to attend law school, the right to take the bar examination, and the right to practice in state courts. An active suffragist, she also had a medical degree. She lived near here in her later years.
1301 Baltimore Pike, Springfield is 3/10ths of a mile from Kilgore's former home at 518 Walnut Lane, Swarthmore
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Carrying Path
Here the Indian voyager down the Chemung lifted his canoe and carried it a hundred and ninety yards across the neck to ascend the Susquehanna.
Pa. 199 at Chemung River Bridge into Athens
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Carrying Path (The) - PLAQUE
Here was the Western end of the Indian Carrying Path from the Chemung to the Susquehanna Rivers. The Eastern end was 190 Rods Southeast. Fort Sullivan was built across the path.
PA 199 at N end of bridge into Athens (MISSING)
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Carson Long Military Institute
A military school since 1919, it is the oldest in Pennsylvania. Originally Bloomfield Academy, founded in 1837. Owned 1914-21 by Theodore K. Long and renamed as a memorial to his son, William Carson Long. First building, "The Maples," was completed in 1840.
N. Carlisle St. at school, N of High St., New Bloomfield
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Cashier's House
Erected as a residence for the cashier of a branch of the U.S. Bank of Pennsylvania, which occupied the adjacent building. Completed 1839.
417 State St. at Fine Art Mus., Erie
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Casimir Pulaski
Polish volunteer, commanded cavalry detachment helping to cover Washington's retreat from Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777. As brigadier general, served Sept. 1777-March 1778 as first overall commander of the Continental Army's cavalry. He was mortally wounded at the siege of Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779.
US 1, E of Chadds Ford near entrance to Brandywine Battlefield State Park
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Casimir Sienkiewicz (1890-1974)
Prominent economist and banker who emigrated from Poland in 1906. He was an advisor to federal, state, and local governments, an active civic and community leader, and was also a well-known impressionist painter. In 1964, he was named first chairman of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), one of the largest urban mass transit agencies in the nation. He resided here, 1938-1974.
202 E. Court St., Doylestown
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Caspar Wistar (1761-1818)
Noted physician, lived here. Professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania. President of the American Philosophical Society & Pa. Abolition Society. In 1803, tutored Meriwether Lewis in Medicine & paleontology, in preparation for the expedition west.
240 S 4th Street, Philadelphia
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Catawissa Friends Meeting
The nearby Friends meetinghouse, built about 1775, was the place of worship for early Quaker settlers among the pioneers of this region. Catawissa itself was laid out by William Hughs, a Berks County Quaker.
South St. between 3rd & 4th Sts., Catawissa
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Catawissa Friends Meeting
At Catawissa, three miles distant, is the Friends meetinghouse built about 1775. The log structure is still standing and is a fine example of a pioneer place of worship.
On ramp to PA 42 - Catawissa from US 11N, .7 mile SW of Bloomsburg
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Catherine Drinker Bowen
Author & historian. Her works include books on Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. ("Yankee from Olympus"), Sir Edward Coke ("Lion and the Throne"), & the U.S. Constitution ("Miracle at Philadelphia"). She lived here during her father's university presidency, 1905-1920.
W. Packer Ave. near Brodhead Ave., Bethlehem
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Celestia
Peter E. Armstrong founded a religious community here in 1850. He envisioned his followers as "wilderness exiles" in a "City of Heaven" on this mountaintop. In 1864 the land was deeded to Almighty God "and to His heirs in Jesus Messiah." Because of the "owner's" nonpayment of taxes, the county sold the land in 1876 to A.T. Armstrong, Peter's son. Peter Armstrong himself struggled to continue this community before he died in 1887.
PA 42, north side, ~1.5 miles west of Laporte
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Celoron's Expedition
In 1749 a French force under Celoron de Blainville entered the Ohio valley by way of Chautauqua Lake and Conewango Creek. A lead plate was buried at the mouth of the Conewango claiming the area for France.
at Soldiers & Sailors Park, Pennsylvania Ave. (Bus. US 6) at Hickory St., Warren
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Cement City
Located four blocks to the west. Built 1916-17 as housing for employees at American Steel & Wire's Donora plant. A community of 100 units in 80 Prairie-style buildings, noted for the innovative use of poured-in-place concrete construction. One of several concrete communities built in the U.S. during this era, Cement City survived to house successive generations of families. A National Register Historic District.
McKean Ave. (PA 837), S end of Donora
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Central Library
Opened on June 2, 1927, the Central Library was designed in the Beaux Arts style by Horace Trumbauer & Julian Francis Abele. It was built to serve as the main building of the Free Library of Philadelphia, chartered in 1891.
1901 Vine Street, Philadelphia
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Centre Church
Early church north of Blue Mountains. Presbyterian settlers had held services "at George Robinson's" before Rev. Charles Beatty preached there, Aug. 19, 1766. Their log church was at site of the present one, beyond Fort Robinson.
Junction PA 850 & PA 274, 2.1 miles W of Loysville (Missing)
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Centre County
Formed on Feb. 13, 1800 from Huntingdon, Mifflin, Lycoming and Northumberland counties. Named for its location in the State, and home of The Pennsylvania State University. Five governors of Pennsylvania lived in Bellefonte, county seat laid out in 1795.
County Courthouse, Allegheny St. at High St., Bellefonte
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Centre Furnace
Here Cols. John Patton and Samuel Miles operated the first charcoal iron furnace in the region, 1792-1809. Present stack used 1825-1858. In this era Centre County led in the making of Juniata iron.
At site, E College Ave. (PA 26) just W of Porter Rd., State College
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Centre Furnace - PLAQUE
This stack is part of the plant of the Centre Iron Company which was erected in 1792 by Col. John Patton and Colonel Samuel Miles, officers in the War of the American Revolution. The product of this furnace was the first iron melted in Centre County and was carried on mule-back to Pittsburgh. The furnace was operated from 1792 to 1809 and from 1825 to 1858.
inside museum at Centre Furnace Mansion, 1001 E. College Ave. (PA 26), State College
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Century Farm Program
In 1949, the Bradford County Historical Society, then located in the courthouse annex, initiated the first Century Farm program in Pa. Based on NY’s Order of Century Farmers, the program recognized farms that had been owned and operated by the same family for at least 100 years. In 1976, the Pa. Department of Agriculture adopted the society’s model and has since designated more than 2,000 Century and Bicentennial Farms throughout the state.
Bradford Co. Courthouse grounds. Location is SW corner of courthouse grounds at Main and Court Streets  
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Ceres
One mile south of here the first permanent white settlement within present McKean County was made in 1798 by Francis King, agent and surveyor for the John Keating land company of Philadelphia.
PA 44 at bridge over Oswayo Creek, Ceres (just S of NY border)
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Chambersburg
Settled 1734 by Benjamin Chambers, who laid out "Chambers Town" in 1764. Seat of Franklin County since 1784. Scene of Civil War events: Raided by "Jeb" Stuart, 1862; occupied by Confederates in 1863; and burned by them in 1864.
US 11, at S end of borough, between Mill Rd. and Orchard Dr.
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Chambersburg
Settled 1734 by Benjamin Chambers, who laid out "Chambers Town" in 1764. Seat of Franklin County since 1784. Scene of Civil War events: Raided by "Jeb" Stuart, 1862; occupied by Confederates in 1863; and burned by them in 1864.
US 11 & Roland Ave., 1.5 miles N of Chambersburg, near borough line
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Chambersburg
Settled in 1734 by Benjamin Chambers, who laid out "Chambers Town" in 1764. Seat of Franklin County since 1784. Scene of Civil War events: Raided by "Jeb" Stuart in 1862, occupied by Confederates in 1863 and burned by them in 1864.
US 30 W end of Chambersburg
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Chambersburg
Settled 1734 by Benjamin Chambers, who laid out "Chambers Town" in 1764. Seat of Franklin County since 1784. Scene of Civil War events: Raided by "Jeb" Stuart, 1862; occupied by Confederates in 1863; and burned by them in 1864.
US 30 at I-81, west side of intersection, E end of Chambersburg
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Charles "Chuck" Cooper
Following an All-Ameri-can career at Duquesne, Cooper made basketball history as the first African American drafted by an NBA team. Selected by the Boston Celtics on April 25, 1950, the barrier-breaking Cooper helped pave the way for the integration of the NBA.
At UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse
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Charles "Chuck" Cooper DUPLICATE RECORD TO BE DELETED
Following an All-Ameri-can career at Duquesne, Cooper made basketball history as the first African American drafted by an NBA team. Selected by the Boston Celtics on April 25, 1950, the barrier-breaking Cooper helped pave the way for the integration of the NBA.
At UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse
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Charles "Teenie" Harris (1908-1998)
A photojournalist who chronicled Pittsburgh’s African American community from the 1930s to the 1980s, taking more than 80,000 photographs. Many were published in The Pittsburgh Courier, a leading Black newspaper, and documented life and culture in the city’s Hill District, including celebrity jazz musicians who performed there. His darkroom was located in the basement of his home at 7604 Mulford Street.
Teenie and Elsa Harris's house at 7604 Mulford Street
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Charles Albert "Chief" Bender
One of baseball's great pitchers. Bender played for the Philadelphia Athletics from 1903-14, helping them to win 5 pennants and 3 world championships. After winning 212 games over 16 seasons and becoming one of the first World Series stars, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954. His mother was one-half Chippewa, and he attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School on this site from 1898-1901.
Indian Field, Carlisle Barracks, off U.S. 11, Carlisle
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Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810)
A Quaker, he is considered America’s first important novelist. His Gothic fiction depicts Philadelphia life and inspired Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne. As an author, editor, and historian, he ad-dressed women’s rights, slavery, and political issues. Born nearby.
Market Street in front of the US Customs House
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Charles Demuth
Born in Lancaster, Nov. 8, 1883. Demuth achieved international fame for his precise, modernist paintings including "My Egypt" and "I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold." He traveled in the U.S. and abroad but resided after 1889 in this house. Here he died in 1935.
118 E. King St., Lancaster
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Charles F. West, M.D.
First African American quarterback in the Rose Bowl, 1922. At Washington & Jefferson College, he challenged racial discrimination in foot-ball by refusing an opposing team’s demand to bench him. West was a pentathlete on the 1924 Olympic team. He was a physician for 50 years.
Next to Washington & Jefferson's Old Gym.
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Charles Lockhart (1818-1905)
The largest crude oil refiner in Pittsburgh in the 1860s. Lockhart, Frew & Co. merged its seven refineries with Standard Oil in 1874. Lockhart served on the board, managing 80% of US oil refining, transport, and marketing. One of the original firm's offices was here.
222 Center St., Oil City (near RR tracks)
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Charles M. Schwab
The steel king, of whom Carnegie said he "knew more about steel than any man in the world," had his estate here. The grounds and buildings are owned by St. Francis College.
St. Mary St. at Manor Dr. (SR 1001) traffic circle, N end of Loretto
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Charles M. Schwab (1862-1939)
American industrialist and pioneer of the US steel industry. Schwab established Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1904. By World War I, it was among the largest steel producers in the world and a major contributor to the war effort. Schwab's South Bethlehem home was here.
557 W 3rd St., Bethlehem
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Charles Margiotti (1891-1956)
Prominent lawyer, business executive, and civic and political leader, Margiotti was appointed Pennsylvania Attorney General, 1935-1938, by Governor George Earle. He was among the first Italian Americans to hold such a post in the US. He was the Republican candidate for Governor in 1934. He practiced law in Pittsburgh and donated services to defend immigrant workers. A native of Punxsutawney, Margiotti is interred here at Calvary Cemetery.
Calvary Cemetery, 444 S Main St. (Rt. 436), Punxsutawney
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Charles Martin Hall
Hall's invention of electrolytic manufacture of aluminum was first applied to commercial production in 1888 by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which later became Alcoa. This process, developed here, made the commercial use of aluminum possible.
Corner of 32nd & Smallman Sts., Pittsburgh
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Charles S. Peirce
The noted philosopher, logician, scientist and founder of pragmatism lived in this house from 1887 until his death in 1914. America's most original philosopher and greatest logician, a great part of his work was written here.
US 6 & 209, ~2 mi. NE of Milford
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Charles Sheeler (1883-1965)
Modernist painter and photographer, known for a seemingly impersonal, machine-inspired style called precisionism. Subjects included factories, skyscrapers, and Bucks County barns. He rented the Worthington House, 1910-26, and here he did important early work.
39 Mercer Ave. at Center St., Doylestown
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Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916)
Pastor Russell formed a Bible study group in Allegheny City in the 1870's; developed it into the Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society. It became the legal corporation for Jehovah's Witnesses. He lived in the Bible House nearby, 1894-1909; spoke here at Carnegie Hall.
Allegheny Center, E Commons, at New Hazlett Theater (formerly Carnegie Hall), Pittsburgh
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Charles Willson Peale
American painter, noted for his portraits of George Washington. Here, Peale opened in 1786 his museum of art & natural science. This he moved to Philosophical Hall, 1794; to Independence Hall, 1802. Founder, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Burial a block away.
SW corner of 3rd & Lombard Sts., Philadelphia
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Charlotte Elizabeth Battles (1864-1952)
Born in Girard, she overcame traditional roles by graduating from college and being named president of R.S. Battles Bank after her father’s death in 1904. Battles gained national attention when she refused to close the bank after President Roosevelt ordered the Bank Holiday of 1933. A philanthropist and active in the community, she was the first woman appointed trustee of Edinboro State Normal School. This was the bank’s home until it merged in 1946.
12 East Main Street, Girard, PA. The location is in downtown Girard Borough in front of the former R.S. Battles Bank. The building still bears the original Battles Bank sign, and the location is on the main street and would be easily viewed by those passing by. 
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Charming Forge
Erected 1749; once owned by Baron Stiegel. Operated by ironmaster George Ege, 1774-1824. Hessians were employed in Revolutionary days to cut a rock channel for water supply. Site is to the north of Womelsdorf.
Conrad Weiser Pkwy. (US 422) at N Water St., Womelsdorf
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Chartier's Old Town
An early Shawnee Indian village located at the site of present Tarentum. It was named for Pierre (Peter) Chartier, who had a trading post here from 1734 to 1743. He was the son of Martin Chartier, a French explorer. Several heavily traveled Indian paths intersected nearby. In 1829, Henry Brackenridge laid out lots for a town along the Pennsylvania Canal and named it Tarentum for an ancient Greek city in present-day Italy.
at marina off E 1st Ave. at bridge, Tarentum
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Chester
Second oldest settlement in Pennsylvania. Named Upland by the Swedes, Chester by Penn. Seat of Pennsylvania colonial government 1681-1683.
US 322 at NW end of city
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Chester County
One of Pennsylvania's three original counties, formed 1682 by William Penn. Name derived from Cheshire in England. West Chester, the county seat since 1788, was incorporated in 1799. County was the scene of important military activities in 1777-1778.
County Courthouse, 13 N High St., West Chester
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Chester Springs
Earlier known as Yellow Springs. Resort since 1750. Washington's headquarters, Sept. 17, 1777, after Battle of Brandywine. Hospital for his soldiers during the winter encampment at Valley Forge, 1777-1778.
Kimberton Rd. (PA 113) at Yellow Springs Rd., Chester Springs
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Chief Logan
Logan, son of Shikellamy, and famous Mingo chief, lived in a cabin near the spring opposite. It was his home from about 1766 to 1771, when he moved to the Ohio country.
SR 1005 (old U.S. 322), .5 mile N of Reedsville
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Chinese Workers in Beaver Falls
Following labor disputes with their local employees, the Beaver Falls Cutlery Company contracted with Chinese workers from San Francisco and New Orleans in 1872. Hired to work at the Harmonist-owned factory, they were among the first Chinese immigrants in Pa. In 1882 a wave of anti-Chinese sentiment led Congress to pass the highly restrictive Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited nearly all immigration from China until it was repealed in 1943.
At the factory building, which is extant, although the business is no longer there.
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Chinklacamoose
Name of the Indian village located here, and visited by C.F. Post while traveling to an Indian council at Kuskuski in 1758. The later Clearfield is said to get its name from clearings made by grazing bison along nearby creeks.
PA 879 & S 2nd St., S end of Clearfield
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Chocolate Workers' Sit-down Strike
Hershey's Chocolate Workers Local 1 (CIO) responded to a labor-management impasse on April 2, 1937 by initiating the first sit-down strike in Pennsylvania and in the confectionery industry. The strike was ended by strike-breaking violence and government mediation. The union lost two subsequent representative elections. In 1939 workers affiliated with the Bakery & Confectionery Workers Local 464 (AFL).
Cocoa Ave. near Caracas Ave., Hershey
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Christ Church
Founded, 1695. Erection of present building begun in 1727. Bells were brought from England in 1754. Among the noted persons buried here are James Wilson and Robert Morris, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and Bishop White.
N 2nd St., between Market & Arch Sts., Philadelphia
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Christ Little Tulpehocken Church
Organized 1729, this is one of the early Lutheran churches founded by Rev. John Caspar Stoever, Jr., who started the parish records in 1730. A log church, erected before 1749, was replaced by the present stone building in 1809. Since 1853, Lutheran and Reformed services have been held here.
Christmas Village Rd. (SR4010) at Groff Rd., SW of Bernville
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Christ Reformed Church
Known as "Mother of Reformed Churches" of this region. Congregation organized, May 1747, marking settlement of German pioneers in southern part of Conewago Valley. Section of present building erected, 1798. Many notable persons lie buried in the old churchyard.
Hanover & Christ Church Rds. (PA 194 & SR 2023), 1.1 miles NE of Littlestown
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Christian B. Anfinsen (1916-1995)
Noted biochemist, born in Monessen. Recipient, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1972 for his pioneering study into the structure of the enzyme called " ribonuclease." A laboratory chief, National Institutes of Health, 1950-1982; he taught at Johns Hopkins University after 1982.
3rd & Donner Avenues, Monessen
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Christian Frederick Martin (1796-1867)
Founder in 1833 of C.F. Martin & Co. (The Martin Guitar Company), one of the world's oldest musical instrument manufacturers. Its innovations in acoustic guitar design-- including the x-braced flat-top guitar and Dreadnought guitar-- were to exert a formative influence on the industry. German -born C.F. Martin moved the firm from New York City to this area in 1838. He built a small shop here in 1859. It expanded many times and was long the company's factory.
10 West North St., between N Main and N Green Sts., Nazareth
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Christian Street Hospital
First Civil War U.S. Army Hospital, founded May, 1861. Here Drs. Mitchell, Keen, Morehouse, and others used electric current, drugs, and other experiments in pioneering treatment of nerve and related disorders. Closed 1865.
924 Christian St., Philadelphia
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Christian Street YMCA
Opened in 1914, this is the first Black YMCA to have its own building. A social center and meeting place for African-American organizations, it provided recreational and educational opportunities for members of the Black community.
1724 Christian St., Philadelphia
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Christopher Saur (1693-1758)
A pioneer printer in colonial America, Saur produced the nation's first European language Bible here in 1743. He printed the most widely read German newspaper & used his press to alert the public to German causes. He aided fellow German immigrants with his money and influence.
at Trinity Lutheran Church, 5300 Germantown Ave., Phila.
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Christopher Sholes
Typewriter inventor, was born near here Feb. 14, 1819. Went to school and worked as a printer at Danville. Migrated to Wisconsin at the age of 20. His first writing machine patent was issued June 23, 1868.
Liberty Valley Dr. (Rt. 642) just E of Mooresburg Rd., Mooresburg
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Christopher Sholes
Typewriter inventor, born at Mooresburg Feb. 14, 1819. Went to school and worked as a printer at Danville. Migrated to Wisconsin at the age of 20. His first writing machine patent was issued June 23, 1868.
Northumberland St. (US 11) just W of Continental Blvd. (PA 54), Danville (in front of Danville Middle Schl.)
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Christy Mathewson (1880-1925)
The famed baseball pitcher was born in Factoryville. Attended Keystone Academy, 1895-98; Bucknell University, 1898-1901. He was with the New York Giants, 1900-26, and Cincinnati Reds, 1916-18; pitched 373 winning games, achieving a National League record. Served overseas in World War I. One of the first five players in the Hall of Fame (1936), he was seen as a gentleman in a rough-and-tumble baseball era.
College Ave. at Edwards Ln., in front of Keystone College, E end of Factoryville
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Church of the Advocate
Here in the 1974 the first eleven women Episcopal priests were ordained. This noted Gothic Revival church, built 1887-97, served a growing African American community after 1930. Host to major Black Power events of the 1960s and '70s. National Historic Landmark.
N 18th & Diamond Sts., Philadelphia
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Circus History
America's most famous clown of the Nineteenth Century, Dan Rice (1823-1900), had the winter quarters of his circus in Girard from 1852 to 1875. The nearby Soldiers' Monument was donated by the versatile clown and showman, whose home stood opposite.
Main St. (US 20) & Mechanic St. at the Diamond, across from Boro. Hall, Girard
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Citizens and Southern Bank
Founded in 1921 by R.R. Wright, Sr., who was born of slave parents, this bank was noted for serving the financial needs of Black customers. It survived the Great Depression and later established offices throughout the city.
NE corner, S 19th & South Sts., Philadelphia
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Civil War Prison Train Wreck
On July 15, 1864, an Erie Railroad train carrying 833 Confederate prisoners and 128 Union guards to the prison camp at Elmira, N.Y., collided with a coal train between Shohola and Lackawaxen. About 48 prisoners and 17 guards were killed. Survivors, both injured and uninjured, were brought to Shohola where they were generously cared for by residents of the village.
PA 434 at Red Caboose, N end of Shohola
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Civilian Conservation Corps
In March 1933, the federal government created the CCC to combat the Great Depression. During nine years, the CCC enrolled some 3,000,000 youths nationwide--including 194,572 men at 114 camps in Pennsylvania. Members of the 367th CCC company first arrived here, May 30, 1933. Here arose camp S-126, which became home to hundreds of men before it closed in 1936. Many of its members then went to Camp S-145 near Montoursville.
Rt. 14 between Lower Gray's Run Rd. & T-842, ~4 miles N of Trout Run
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Civilian Conservation Corps
In March 1933, the federal government created the CCC to combat the massive unemployment of the Great Depression. Continuing until 1942, the CCC enrolled some three million youths nationwide. In Pennsylvania, 194,572 men were enrolled at 114 camps. The CCC planted billions of trees, built roads and dams, fought forest fires, and developed parks including Leonard Harrison and Colton Point State Parks here.
Off PA 660 at Leonard Harrison State Park, at pavillion behind Park Office, Wellsboro
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Civilian Public Service
During World War II, some 12,000 men who were classified as conscientious objectors to war -- about fifteen percent of them from Pennsylvania -- served in non-military occupations across the United States. Under the leadership of Mennonite, Quaker, and Church of the Brethren agencies, they were engaged in mental health care and medical experiments, in forestry and on dairy farms, and in other important civic projects.
Friends Center at 1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia
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Clarion County
Formed March 11, 1839 out of Armstrong and Venango counties. Named for the Clarion River. Early center of iron industry. Noted also for its coal resources and lumbering. The county seat, Clarion, was incorporated as a borough on April 6, 1841.
In front of Courthouse, Main St. between N 5th Ave. & N Jefferson Pl., Clarion
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Clay Furnace
First successful use of raw bituminous coal in place of charcoal, 1846; and of unmixed Lake Superior iron ore in 1856. Built 1845 by Vincent & Himrod; named for Henry Clay. Abandoned in 1861. The site is 2 miles away.
N side of US 62 at Clay Furnace Rd., W of Charleston
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Clearfield County
Formed March 26, 1804 out of Huntingdon and Lycoming counties. Clear fields, found by early travelers, gave rise to the name. County was important for logging and rafting on the West Branch, 1850-1901. The county seat, Clearfield, was incorporated 1840.
County Historical Museum, E. Pine St. & Front St., Clearfield
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Climax Locomotives
Over 1000 geared steam locomotives were built at the Climax plant here from 1888 to 1928. These were widely used on logging railroads in the United States and other countries. By making new areas accessible to large-scale lumbering, geared locomotives were a key to the industry's growth.
PA 77 near First Ave. at S end of Corry
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Clinton County
Formed on June 21, 1839 out of Lycoming and Centre counties. Named probably for New York's Gov. DeWitt Clinton. Site of "Tiadaghton Declaration of Independence," 1776. In 19th century a lumbering center. Lock Haven, the county seat, became a city in 1870.
Clinton Co. Courthouse, N Jay & E Water (PA 120) Sts., Lock Haven
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Clinton Furnace
Pittsburgh's first successful blast furnace for making pig iron. Operations began near here, 1859, using Connellsville coke as fuel. The furnace's technology initiated a new era, leading to more advanced furnaces capable of producing huge amounts of iron and resulting in the modern blast furnace. Clinton Furnace played an important role in establishing Pittsburgh's dominance in iron and steel making. Operations ended in 1927.
Bessemer Ct. at Station Sq., Pittsburgh
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Coal Discovery
While acting as scouts for the Williamson Road party in 1792, Robert Benjamin Patterson discovered coal at present-day Blossburg. The first drift to mine the coal was opened on Bear Creek by David Clemons about 1815.
William B. Wilson Hwy. (US 15), S end of Blossburg (Missing)
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Coal Miners' and Laborers' Strike
A riot occurred here on August 1, 1877, in which armed citizens fired upon strikers, killing four. Many were injured, including Scranton's mayor. As in numerous US cities, this labor unrest was a result of the US depression of 1873 and a nationwide railroad strike in 1877.
SW corner of Lackawanna & Washington Aves., downtown Scranton
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Codorus Furnace
Erected in 1765 by William Bennet. Operated by James Smith, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, during the Revolutionary War. It is the oldest remaining landmark of the iron industry in York County. The old Furnace, now restored, is 2.5 miles NE of here.
Intersection of N Sherman St. and Codorus Furnace Rd. (PA 24), Starview
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Coke Ovens
The bee-hive ovens nearby are typical of the region. Coke was first made from coal near Connellsville in this type oven about 1840. Since 1870 use of coke has been vital to steel making.
Pittsburgh Rd. (PA 51), just S of Gun Club Rd. (T-575), W of Perryopolis
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Col. Francis "Gabby" Gabreski (1919-2002)
A US Air Force pilot, he was a leading fighter ace during WWII and the Korean War. He taught fighter tactics to his pilots as squadron commander. He was highly decorated by the US and its allied partners. The son of Polish immigrants, he was born and raised in Oil City.
At Polish Natl. Alliance Post #905, 410 Seneca St., Oil City
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Col. George Morgan
Here was the home, 1796-1810, of the noted Indian trader and agent. Site is marked by a monument. It was here that Morgan was visited by Aaron Burr. His conspiracy was first made known to Jefferson by Colonel Morgan.
Morganza Road and West McMurray Road, Canonsburg
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Col. James Burd
"Tinian," home of Col. Burd, is still standing on the opposite hill. Burd was road-builder of Braddock's expedition; French and Indian war commandant at Fort Augusta. Patriot and a soldier in the Revolution.
Pa. 230 in Highspire
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Col. John Kelly
Outstanding Indian fighter of Buffalo Valley. Settled here about 1769; built log house to the north, now weatherboarded, in 1775. Col. Kelly served with distinction at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. He died in 1832. Buried at Lewisburg.
Col. John Kelly Rd. (SR 1002) between Red Ridge Rd. & Spruce Run, just E of Mazeppa
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Col. Matthew Smith
Captain of Lancaster Co. militia with Col. Benedict Arnold on 1775 midwinter march to Quebec. In 1779, served as Vice-President of Pennsylvania Council. Died in 1794; buried here in an unmarked grave.
Susquehanna Trail (SR 1007) at Warrior Run Church N of McEwensville
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Col. Philip Cochran (1910-1979)
WW II hero. Cochran distinguished himself as a daring pilot commanding P-40 fighter planes in N. Africa and as the colorful leader of the 1st Air Commandos during the invasion of Burma. He became a colonel at the age of 33 and earned such honors as the Distinguished Service Medal and British Distinguished Service Order. The Erie native inspired cartoon characters Flip Corkin in "Terry & the Pirates" and Gen. Philerie in "Steve Canyon."
2753 State St. at Glenwood Pky., at Erie County WWII Memorial, Erie
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Col. Strong Vincent (1837-1863)
Civil War hero was born at the NW corner of First & Cherry Streets. A major turning point in the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg resulted from his independent and decisive action on July 2 in detaching his brigade (including the 83rd Pa. Regiment) to occupy and defend Little Round Top. Mortally wounded while rallying his men, he died July 7, four days after he had been promoted to brigadier general for gallantry.
NE corner of High St. (US 19) & 1st St. near post office, Waterford
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Col. Timothy Green
In the graveyard to the south rests Timothy Green, officer in the French and Indian War; signer of the Hanover Independence Resolves in June, 1774; an outstanding leader of this region in the Revolution.
Claster Blvd., east side, just N of Hemlock, Dauphin
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Col. William Crawford
Hero of Indian wars, made his home about a half mile from Connellsville after 1766, and was Washington's land agent. During the Revolution, he led a campaign against Ohio Indians; he was captured and killed near Upper Sandusky in 1782.
US 119 at N 7th St., .2 mile S of Connellsville
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Colebrookdale Furnace
Established on Iron Stone Creek, one half mile to the east, by James Lewis, Anthony Morris, Thomas Potts, and Thomas Rutter. Called after Colebrookdale Furnace in England, it is considered the first blast furnace to be erected in Pennsylvania, c. 1720.
S Reading Ave. (PA 562) near Farmington Ave. (SR2040) SW of Boyertown
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Coleraine Forges
Nearby are the sites of two forges, built in 1805 and 1809 by Samuel Marshall. Juniata iron became famous as the best of the charcoal iron made 1790-1850. Spruce Creek was noted for its ironworks.
PA 45, 1.6 miles NE of Spruce Creek
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Colonel Edward Cook
Settling here in the 1770s, Cook became a prominent landholder, jurist, and politician. He was a member of the Provincial Congress in Philadelphia in 1776 and served at the State Constitutional Convention. Although a moderate during the Whiskey Rebellion, 1792-94, he joined the tax protesters and was elected chairman of several key rebel meetings.
Finley Rd. at Rehoboth Rd., Rostraver Twp, E of Monessen
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Colonel Jacob Stroud - PLAQUE
Col. Jacob Stroud is buried in this graveyard, originally the cemetery of the Mission of Dansbury. Begun by the Moravian Brethren in 1743, the chapel destroyed in the Indian uprising of 1755, was erected in 1753 under the leadership of Daniel Brodhead who settled one half mile to the East in 1736. The members of the mission in 1747 were [list of 18 names]
At cemetery entrance, across from 218 Main St. (Bus. 209), Stroudsburg
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Colonel John Franklin
Leader of Connecticut land claimants. Served in Sullivan Campaign, 1779. Imprisoned in 1787-89 for leading new state movement. Later served in Pa. legislature. Moved here in 1789; died in 1831. Homesite and grave are east of road.
Sheshequin Rd. (SR 1043) just N of Orange Hill Rd. ((SR 1054), ~1 mile SE of Athens at cemetery
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Colonel Thomas Hartley
On this site was the house of Col. Thomas Hartley, first congressman from York County. In 1777, he was prominent in the defense of Philadelphia; led an expedition to avenge the Wyoming Massacre in 1778.
W. Market St. between Beaver & George Sts., York
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Colonel William Crawford - PLAQUE
In memory of Colonel William Crawford, born in Berkeley County, Virginia, in 1732. Friend of Washington -- pioneer -- patriot. This monument is situated 1260 yards S. 69 E. 16' of the spot where he built his log cabin in 1765 on the west bank of the Youghiogheny River, at the historic Stewart's Crossings. He first visited the region west of the mountains in 1758, as an officer in the expedition of General Forbes against Fort Duquesne. As colonel of the seventh Virginia regiment, he crossed the Delaware with Washington in 1777, and shared in the victory at Trenton. Fighting in defense of the frontier, as commander of the Sandusky Expedition, he was captured by the Indians and burned at the stake near Crawfordsville, Ohio, June 11, 1782.
S. Pittsburgh St. near Wills Rd., Connellsville
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Colonial Courthouse
Georgian Colonial design. Built in 1724, restored in 1920. In use for Chester County till 1786, for Delaware County, 1789-1851. Later used as City Hall. Oldest public building in continuous use in U.S.
Ave. of the States between 4th & 5th Sts., Chester
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Colonial Gristmill
The stone gristmill at this site was built in 1704 by Nathaniel Newlin, a Quaker who emigrated from Ireland in 1683. The mill, restored to working order, is a fine example of a vital segment of Colonial economic life.
Baltimore Pike (US 1) at Cheyney Rd., 1 mile E of Concordville
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Colonial Mansion
This house, of true Georgian style, was built before 1760. The ground was purchased by Thomas Poultney, merchant, in 1749. John Passmore, first mayor of Lancaster, occupied the house at one time.
NW corner, Orange & Shippen Sts., Lancaster
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Colt's Station
Judah Colt as Agent began the first Pennsylvania Population Co. development here in 1797, setting up the first organized settlement in Erie County, at head of flatboat navigation on French Creek.
NE corner of PA 89 and PA 430, Colt's Station
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Columbia
Originally Wright's Ferry, founded by John Wright in 1726. An early center for turnpike, canal and railroad activity, at an important Susquehanna River crossing. First bridge built in 1812.
PA 462 (Chestnut St.) at end of Vet's Meml. Bridge near N 2nd, Columbia (directly across 462 from Lincoln Hwy. marker)
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Columbia County
Formed March 22, 1813 out of Northumberland County. Named in honor of America. County seat, Bloomsburg, became this State's only incorporated town in 1870. A Friends meetinghouse was built at Catawissa about 1789. "Twin covered bridges" at Forks are a unique site.
County Courthouse, Main St. between Centre St. and Whiteman Ave., Bloomsburg
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Commercial Digital Computer Birthplace
BINAC, the world's first commercial, electronic, stored program, digital computer passed verification tests here, at 3747 Ridge Ave., on April 7, 1949. Customer acceptance of UNIVAC I, the world's first open market, commercial computer, followed on March 30, 1951. J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, co-inventors of ENIAC, led the development of both of these pioneering machines, which launched the commercial computer age.
3747 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia
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Commodore John Barry (1745-1803)
Following the creation of the US Navy in 1794 under President Washington, Barry was appointed first commissioned officer and Secretary. He oversaw construction of the nation's first fleet. He won numerous naval victories during the American Revolution, many on the Delaware River. Irish-born Barry came to Philadelphia as a youth and assumed command of his first ship at age 21. He remained in naval service until his death at Strawberry Mansion.
S Columbus Blvd. at Dock St. (near Hyatt and Indep. Seaport Mus.), Philadelphia
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Concrete City
Notable for early use of International Style architectural concepts in creating "model" industrial housing. Located 1/4 - mile north of here. The homes, built by the D L & W Railroad's Coal Division for forty Truesdale Colliery employees, were opened in 1913. Constructed of poured concrete, the twenty two-story rectangular double houses surrounded a park. Controlled by the Glen Alden Coal Company after 1921; abandoned in 1924.
Front St. & Phillips St., near athletic fields, Hanover section of Nanticoke
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Conestoga Indian Town
About one mile eastwards stood the Conestoga Indian Town. Its peaceful Iroquoian inhabitants were visited by William Penn in 1701 who made treaties with them. In 1763 they were ruthlessly massacred by a frontier mob called the "Paxtang Boys."
PA 999 (Blue Rock Rd.) between Washington Boro & Millersville, 200 ft. W of Central Manor Rd. (SR 3017) (Missing)
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Conestoga Indian Town - PLAQUE
The Conestoga Indians In origin largely the survivors Of the defeated ancient Susquehannas or Minquas Of Iroquoian stock Located their village Variously on these lands In the Penn Proprietary Manor of Conestoga Chiefly west of this point. They were visited here in 1701 by WILLIAM PENN who made treaties with them. The tribe was exterminated by the Paxton Boys in 1763.
SR 3017 (Safe Harbor Rd.) at Indian Marker Rd. near Letort, 4 miles SW of Millersville
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Conestoga Navigation Company
A slackwater canal between Lancaster and Safe Harbor, built following the company's incorporation in 1825, facilitated access to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other ports. This canal's 18-mile course included nine sets of locks and dams; Lock No.1 was here. The company's name varied after 1837; financial problems mounted, and last lock fees were collected in 1872. Later, between 1913 and 1946, surviving dams were used to generate electricity.
New Danville Pike (Rt. 324) N of Hoover Rd., Lancaster Twp.
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Conestoga Wagon
Product of this Conestoga Valley. Developed here in mid-18th century by local wagon makers, this vehicle of empire was the freight carrier of frontier days, and was the ancestor of the prairie schooner.
PA 462 (old Rt. 30), .8 mile E of Lancaster (Missing)
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Conewago Chapel
Four miles south of New Oxford. Original Jesuit chapel built 1787 still in use and one of oldest in the United States. The mission was founded 1730. First Sacred Heart church in Pennsylvania.
U.S. 30 W of New Oxford
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Conewango
Mid-18th century Seneca village located on site of present Warren. First mentioned by Bonnecamps, in 1749, as composed of 12 or 13 cabins. Name in Iroquois means "below the riffles."
Pennsylvania Ave. (Bus. US 6) & Hickory St., E side of Conewango Creek Bridge, Warren
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Confederate Conference
On June 26, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee and staff entered this square. After conferring with Gen. A.P. Hill near the middle of the "Diamond," Lee turned eastward and made headquarters at the edge of town.
Lincoln Way (US 30) & Main St. (US 11), SW quadrant of square, Chambersburg
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Conneaut Reservoir
Raised some 10 feet by a 23-mile "feeder" from Meadville, this lake was the vital source of water for the highest part of the canal, 4 miles west. Lake water and traffic flowed north to Erie, south to the Ohio River.
US 6 & 322 E of Conneaut Lake - Missing
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Connecticut Settlement
The first Connecticut settlement on their Susquehanna Purchase, 1762. Following its destruction by Indians on Oct. 15, 1763, no further settlements were made until 1769.
River Rd. (SR 2004) N of Wilkes-Barre, at city cemetery
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Connellsville Coke Region
Located in Fayette and Westmoreland Counties, the region's abundant high quality Pittsburgh vein coal yielded superior coke, used to smelt iron. This refined form of coal was produced in beehive ovens from the mid-19th century to the 1970s. Immigrant and migrant workers who settled here after the Civil War provided labor for the booming coke industry. Byproduct ovens built near steel mills eventually rendered beehives obsolete.
US Rt. 119S, near entrance to PSU Fayette, Eberly Campus, Uniontown
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Connie Mack (1862-1956)
"Grand Old Man of Baseball." He started as a catcher in New England, 1883. As manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, 1901-1950 -- a record fifty years -- he led the team to nine American League pennants, 1902-31, & five World Series championships, 1910-30. In baseball's first All-Star Game, he managed the victorious American League team, 1933. Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, 1937. He lived on Cliveden Street here.
604 W Cliveden St., Philadelphia
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Conoy Indian Town
From about 1718-1743, the Conoy Indian Tribe had its settlement slightly to the west of here. Closely related to the Nanticoke Tribe, with whom they eventually merged, the Conoy Indians gradually migrated into Pennsylvania from the area of Chesapeake Bay.
PA 441, 1 mile S of Bainbridge
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Conrad Richter
The novelist, born in Pine Grove, wrote about American frontier life. His books include "The Town" and "The Waters of Kronos." A recipient of the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award, Richter lived and worked in this house, 1950-1968.
11 Maple St., Pine Grove
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Conrad Weiser
Pioneer Indian interpreter, treaty maker, 1732-1760. The Indians called him the "Holder of the Heavens." He lived, died, and is buried on this property, now a State Park devoted to his memory.
US 422 eastbound, at Weiser Homestead, E of Womelsdorf
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Conrad Weiser Trading Post
A hewn-log building, erected on this site about 1750; operated until 1760 by Conrad Weiser, distinguished pioneer settler, treaty maker, Indian agent and interpreter, and first Berks county lay judge.
505 Penn St., Penn Sq., Reading
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Cooksburg
Named for John Cook who came to this section in 1826 and started lumber industry along Tom's Run. Here is Cook Forest State Park. In this park, there is one of the finest stands of large white pine-hemlock in the State.
PA 36 near Clarion River Bridge at entrance to Cook Forest St. Pk.(Missing)
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Corning & Blossburg Railroad
One of the early railroads in the Northeast was completed in 1840 from Corning, N.Y., to Blossburg. It was built by the Tioga Navigation Company to connect the Chemung Canal, and the Erie Railroad, with the local coal fields.
S. Main St. (Bus. 15) at Dorsett, Mansfield
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Cornplanter (1738-1836)
A diplomat and defender of Seneca land and culture, Cornplanter allied the Iroquois Confederacy with the fledgling US after fighting for the British during the American Revolution. He arbitrated conflicts between Native Americans and settlers, though he later became disillusioned when the Nations were not treated equally and fairly. In 1796, Cornplanter and his heirs were granted three tracts of land by the state, one at present-day Oil City.
One Seneca St., just N of Justus Park, Oil City
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Cornwall Banks
One of the world's greatest iron mines, the oldest operated continuously in the New World. It has been mined for more than two centuries, and is still the greatest iron ore deposit east of Lake Superior.
Boyd St., Cornwall, at now abandoned mine
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Cornwall Furnace
Charcoal iron furnace built by Peter Grubb, operated 1742-1883. Best surviving example of the early Pennsylvania ironworks. Now a State historical shrine, gift of Mrs. Margaret Coleman Buckingham, heir of its famous owner, Robert Coleman.
Boyd St. (old US 322) near Rexmont Rd., Cornwall
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Cornwall Furnace
Built by Peter Grubb. Operated from 1742 to 1883. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
Rexmont Rd. at site in Cornwall
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Cornwall Iron Furnace
Built in 1742 by Peter Grubb near an immensely rich ore deposit and acres of forest for making charcoal fuel. A self-sufficient community included the ironmaster's mansion and workers' houses. The furnace produced pig iron and cast goods, and cannons for the Revolutionary War. Sold in 1798 to entrepreneur Robert Coleman; operated until 1883. It survives fully intact a few miles east at Cornwall.
Rts. 322 & 419, near Quentin, W of Cornwall
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Corry State Fish Hatchery
Established in 1876 by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission as the "Western Hatchery," it is the longest continuously operated fish hatchery in the Commonwealth. Supplied by abundant springs of uniform flow and temperature, it is considered the state's pioneer trout hatchery. Its success had a positive effect on the state economy, led to the creation of many jobs related to outdoor recreation, and helped stimulate Pennsylvania's sport-fishing prominence.
13365 Roosevelt Hwy. (Rt. 6), just W of Corry
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Coxey's Army
Jacob Sechler Coxey (1854-1951), was born here. In 1894 he led a march of unemployed workers, popularly known as "Coxey's Army," on Washington. Public works programs and relief measures were asked. This focused attention on the plight of the unemployed.
814 N Market St. (old 11 & 15), just N of Pear St., Selinsgrove
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Crane Iron Works
The first long-term, commercially successful anthracite iron furnace opened July 4, 1840, here in Catasauqua. Built for the Lehigh Crane Iron Co. by David Thomas, it soon made 50-60 tons of pig iron a week. By 1868 the works had six furnaces; production ceased, 1930.
Front St. between Church & Wood Sts., Catasauqua
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Crawford County
Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Meadville, in 1788, was the first permanent settlement in northwest Pennsylvania. In 1842 the nation's first direct primary was held here. Cradle of the oil and zipper industries. Named for Col. William Crawford.
County Courthouse, 903 Diamond Park, Meadville
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Crawford Grill
A center of Black social life where musicians such as Art Blakey, Mary Lou Williams, John Coltrane drew a racially mixed, international clientele. Here, Crawford Grill # 2, the second of three clubs opened 1943; was owned by William (Gus) Greenlee, later by Joseph Robinson.
Wylie Ave. at Elmore St., Pittsburgh
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Creation of the Pennsylvania Game Commission
Concerned about declining wildlife populations caused by logging, development, and excessive hunting and trapping, Corry businessman H.A. Penrose assembled several influential men in Corry on Aug. 22, 1890, to form the Pennsylvania State Sportsmen's Association (PSSA). This organization promoted wildlife conservation and enforcement of game laws. Efforts of the PSSA led to the creation of the Board of Game Commissioners by Act 187 of 1895.
NW corner of City Park, at intersection of N Center (Rt. 426) & Smith Sts., Corry
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Cresap's Fort
Thomas Cresap settled here about 1730 on lands claimed by Lord Baltimore of Maryland. Forcibly evicted in 1736 by Penn agents who burned his "fort," Cresap moved to Western Maryland, where he continued active in frontier affairs and died about 1790.
Long Level Rd. (PA 624) near Bank Hill Rd., 2.4 miles NE of Craley
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Cresson Tuberculosis Sanatorium
Pennsylvania's anti-tuberculosis campaign, led by Dept. of Health Commissioner S. G. Dixon, included three state-run sanatoria. Est. 1913, Cresson was a model for the nation. It was first to be racially integrated, run a school of nursing, and offer an elementary school. Its high elevation was considered beneficial for providing therapeutic fresh air to patients. Built on land donated by Andrew Carnegie, 40,000 patients were treated from 1913 to 1964.
Old Rt. 22 (Adm. Peary Hwy.), across from former SCI prison, ~1 mile E of Cresson
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Crooked Billet
Named for a tavern once standing nearby. Scene of Revolutionary War clash during British occupation of Philadelphia. Militia of Gen. John Lacey, assigned to cut off British supplies, encamped here on May 1, 1778, when, surprised by British troops, they were defeated and driven off with heavy losses.
Meadowbrook Ave. near N Penn Ave. at Crooked Billet Elem. School, Hatboro
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Cross Creek Church
Founded by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who began to hold services in 1775 at Vance's Fort, 1 mile north. Original church built here and first pastor called in 1779. The present church building was erected 1864.
at church, Vance Dr. / Rea Rd. (SR 4033) & Cross Creek Rd., Cross Creek
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Crown Inn
A two-story log inn, built here in 1745, was Bethlehem's first public house. Located near the ferry that crossed the Lehigh River, it was visited by famous political and military leaders of the era. A bridge replaced the ferry, 1794, and the inn closed; was razed, 1857.
Riverside Dr. just SE of Lehigh River bridge (PA 378), Bethlehem
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Crystal Bird Fauset
The first Black woman elected to a state legislature in the U.S. Fauset, who lived here, won her seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1938. She later served as a Civil Defense race relations advisor under Franklin D. Roosevelt.
5403 Vine St., Philadelphia
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Cumberland County
Formed January 27, 1750 from Lancaster County. Named for Cumberland County in England, it originally extended to Pennsylvania's western limits. Carlisle, county seat, was founded 1751. Crossed by major roads, county had a key role in westward migration.
Old Courthouse, High & Hanover Sts., Carlisle
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Cumberland Riflemen
Capt. William Hendricks led from nearby Cumberland County points a company of riflemen to Quebec, Canada. There they fought Dec. 31, 1775, at the side of Gen. Richard Montgomery. Hendricks was killed in action.
Willow Park, Market St. at 24th St., Camp Hill
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Cumberland Valley Railroad
Incorporated in 1831. Completed, Lemoyne to Chambersburg, 1837; eventually, Harrisburg to Virginia. For over 80 years, vital to Valley's economic life; merged into Pennsylvania R.R., 1919. Passenger Station, Stationmaster's House here, built in the 1860s.
4 Strawberry Alley, Mechanicsburg
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Cushetunk
The first Connecticut settlement on the upper Delaware was made here in 1755, under lead of Moses Thomas and Daniel Skinner, on lands called Cushetunk by the Indians. Settlement seized by Indians and Tories, 1778.
River Rd. (SR 1004) & Card Ln., N of Milanville
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Cynthia Catlin Miller (1791-1883)
Prominent antislavery leader from an abolitionist family, she founded the Female Assisting Society and the Ladies' Fugitive Aid Society. Her home here, the Miller Mansion, was a refuge for freedom seekers on the Underground Railroad, and her organizations provided them with food and clothing. She and her son Franklin hosted Frederick Douglass and other abolitionists when they came to speak at the Sugar Grove Convention of 1854.
881 Big Tree Rd. (Rt. 69), Sugar Grove, just S of NY border
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Cyrus Bustill (1732-1806)
Born of White, Black, and Native American descent, he bought his freedom and became a baker of bread for Revolutionary troops. A founder of the Free African Society, he later opened a school for Black children while living here.
210 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Cyrus H. K. Curtis (1850-1933)
Founder of Curtis Publishing Co., which published The Saturday Evening Post, Ladies' Home Journal and The Philadelphia Inquirer. Curtis came to Philadelphia for 1876 Centennial and remained. Lived near here at Lyndon, his home from 1891"“1933. Only Curtis Hall (1903), the home's music room, remains. The grounds, designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, form Curtis Arboretum, later acquired by Cheltenham Township for public use.
1250 W Church Rd.(SR73), Wyncote
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D. Leech & Company / Western Transportation Company
Operating at the Pa. Mainline Canal from 1829 to 1853, it was an integrated freight and passenger service using canalboats, wagons, railroads, and steamships. It was one of the most extensive and successful freight forwarding companies in Pa., connecting major cities and employing agents in at least ten states. The company partnered with the Pa. Railroad, providing agents and constructing new railroads for them. The boatbuilding yard was near here.
River Ave. & River Ave. (former canal right-of-way), Leechburg
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D. T. Watson Home for Crippled Children
Founded here in 1917 at Sunny Hill, the former home of David and Margaret Watson, it began as a residential school for disabled children. In 1952, Dr. Jonas Salk, assisted by medical director Dr. Jessie Wright, began the first human testing of his polio vaccine here with patients, staff, and local children. Successful testing led to the 1955 approval and use of the vaccine and the eventual eradication of the debilitating disease.
301 Camp Mtg. Rd., Leet Twp.
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Dagworthy's Camp
Located one mile to the north, this post was built in 1758. The starting-point of Grant's ill-fated raid on Fort Duquesne, it was the military hospital for his defeated, wounded men. Often called Grant's Paradise.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), ~8 miles E of Greensburg (Missing)
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Daisy E. Lampkin
Outstanding as an NAACP organizer, Mrs. Lampkin was its National Field Secretary, 1935-47. President, Lucy Stone Civic League, 1915-65. A charter member, National Council of Negro Women, and Vice President, The Pittsburgh Courier. She lived here until her death in 1965.
2519 Webster Ave. at Watt Ln., Hill District (Pittsburgh)
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Damascus
Later name of Zeisberger's "Lower Town," located on opposite side of the river here. Residence of a Seneca sentinel chief at the time. Town name was taken from the Munsee word, "muskrat."
US 62 (Elm St.), across from fish hatchery, N end of Tionesta
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Daniel Alexander Payne
Born a free African-American. He taught the Colored people at this college, 1837, while a student at the Lutheran Seminary. A historian, he was elected bishop of the A.M.E. Church, 1852, and was president of Wilberforce University, 1863-76.
239 N. Washington St. at Gettysburg College
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Daniel Boone
Greatest American pioneer and wilderness scout. Born Nov. 2, 1734. Spent the first 16 years of his life on the Boone Homestead a few miles north. Now a State historical shrine dedicated to American youth.
Ben Franklin Hwy. (US 422) westbound near Daniel Boone Rd., just SE of Baumstown
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Daniel Boone
Greatest American pioneer and wilderness scout. Born Nov. 2, 1734. Spent the first 16 years of his life on the Boone Homestead a few miles north. Now a State historical shrine dedicated to American youth.
US 422 eastbound, just W of S Baumstown Rd., at Baumstown Union Sunday School
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Daniel Boone (1734-1820) - PLAQUE
Famous pioneer and wilderness scout, who lived in this area his first 16 years. Born 3 miles northwest on site of Daniel Boone Homestead, State historical shrine.
Benj. Franklin Hwy. (US 422) eastbound between Baumstown and Douglassville
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Daniel Boone Homestead
Site of the birthplace of Daniel Boone on Nov.2, 1734, and his home until 1750. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
at site, Daniel Boone Rd. (SR 2041) at Old Daniel Boone Rd., N of Baumstown
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Daniel Brodhead
Settled here about 1738. Founder of the town, first called Dansbury. Lived here until 1755. His son Daniel became a Revolutionary War leader and later the State Surveyor General.
E. Brown St. at Pocono Med. Ctr., East Stroudsburg
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Daniel Drawbaugh
Inventor of a telephone for which he sought a patent in 1880. Claims contested by Bell Telephone, which won the court decision in 1888. Born in this village, July 14, 1827, where he developed his inventions; he removed in 1904 to Camp Hill, where he died November 2, 1911.
155 Lake Rd. (SR 2033) at Eberly's Mill, 1 mile W of New Cumberland
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Daniel H. Hastings
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1895-1899; born, 1849, on a farm 4.5 miles SE of here. During his term, the State Department of Agriculture was created and the present State Capitol planned. Lived most of his life in Bellefonte. Died there in 1903.
Nittany Valley Dr. (PA 64), N of Long Run Rd. (PA 477) NW of Salona
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Daniel Hale Williams (1856-1931)
Here was boyhood home of the Black physician who pioneered successful heart surgery, 1893. Founded Provident Hospital, Chicago, 1891. Chief surgeon at Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, D.C., 1894-98. Charter member, College of Surgeons, 1913.
US 22 eastbound (Blair St., 300 block), Hollidaysburg
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Daniel J. Flood (1903-1994)
US Congressman from Pa. 11th District, 1944 to 1980. His seniority on the House Appro-priations Committee and knowledge of the legislative process enabled him to play a key role establishing national programs such as Medicare, Appalachian urban economic development, and Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. He promoted the strength of US military forces and proliferation of nuclear arms during the Cold War. He resigned from Congress amid controversy.
Public Sq., Wilkes-Barre
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Daniel Kaufman
An Underground Railroad agent from 1835 to 1847, when he was sued by a Maryland slave owner. He was ultimately fined $4,000 in 1852, in a case that drew wide attention. Kaufman had provided food and transportation to fugitive slaves passing through this area; his barn and a densely wooded area nearby furnished shelter. In 1845, Kaufman laid out the village of Boiling Springs, and he built his 301 Front Street home in 1880.
301 Front Street, Boiling Springs
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Dansbury Mission
Erected about 1744, by Daniel Brodhead, for use by Moravian missionaries. Destroyed by the Indians in 1755, during the French and Indian War. The site adjoined the present cemetery.
Main St. (Bus. 209) near 2nd, across from #210, Stroudsburg
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Danville-Pottsville R.R.
Opened Sunbury to Paxinos in 1835, operated on wood rails by horsepower. Steam locomotive first used in 1838; and iron rails, 1853. The terminal was nearby; here anthracite was loaded on canal boats for shipment to Philadelphia, Baltimore.
S Front St. (PA 147), near Church St., Sunbury
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Darby Friends Burial Ground
In continuous use since 1682. Land given by John Blunston, founder of Darby, who lies buried here. Also in the burial ground is the marked grave of John Bartram, noted American Botanist.
1247 Main St., outside fenced open field, Darby
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Darr Mine Disaster
On Dec. 19, 1907, an explosion killed 239 men and boys, many Hungarian immigrants, in Darr coal mine near Van Meter. Some were from the closed Naomi mine, near Fayette City, which exploded on Dec. 1, killing 34. Over 3000 miners died in Dec. 1907, the worst month in U.S. coal mining history. In Olive Branch Cemetery, 71 Darr miners, 49 unknown, are buried in a common grave.
Olive Branch Cemetery, PA 981 at Van Meter Rd. (PA 3027), between PA 51 and the Youghiogheny River, just W of Smithton
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Dauphin County
Formed March 4, 1785 from part of Lancaster County. The name honors the eldest son of French King Louis XVI. Harrisburg, the county seat, was laid out in 1785 and chartered a city in 1860. Since 1812 it has been the State capital of Pennsylvania.
Courthouse, Front & Market Sts., Harrisburg
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David Brainerd
The log house occupied by the Presbyterian missioner to the Indians in 1744 was a short distance away on the side road. It was here the youthful zealot wrote part of his famed journal.
S Delaware Dr. (PA 611) at Howell Rd., just S of Martins Creek
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David Bustill Bowser (1820-1900)
A self-taught Black artist, Bowser, who lived here, began his career as a landscape, sign emblem, and banner painter. He also painted portraits including several of Lincoln and one of abolitionist John Brown.
481 N 4th St., Philadelphia
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David L. Lawrence
Pennsylvania's Governor, 1959-1963, was born in this area June 18, 1889. As a pioneer in urban renewal, he advocated the creation of Point Park as part of the redevelopment of the Golden Triangle.
Point State Park, Pittsburgh
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David Martin's Ferry
Operated at "The Forks" on grants received in 1739 and 1741. It was an important link on a main route to the west until 1806. Transported troops and supplies in the Revolutionary War.
Scott Park, Front & Ferry Sts., Easton
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David R. Porter
Ironmaster and Governor of the State, 1839-45, lived in this house. A leader in local affairs, he was called "our own Davy R." His son Horace, soldier and diplomat, was born here, 1837.
3rd & Penn Sts., Huntingdon
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David Reed
Opposite was the log home of David Reed, leader of the Covenanter squatters on lands owned by George Washington. Here 13 of the Scotch-Irish pioneers met with him on Sept. 20, 1784, defying his effort to remove them.
Millers Run Rd. (PA 50) near Southview Rd. (SR 4039), east of Hickory
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David Salisbury Franks (c.1740-1793)
Distinguished Jewish officer and aide-de-camp to Gen. Benedict Arnold during the Revolutionary War. Thought to be complicit in Arnold's treason, Maj. Franks was later exonerated. A yellow fever victim, he was buried at Christ Church by a Christian neighbor.
SE corner, 5th & Arch Sts., Philadelphia
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David Tannenberg (1728-1804)
One of America's foremost pipe organ builders. Tannenberg, born at Berthelsdorf, Germany, emigrated to the Moravian community at Bethlehem in 1749. From 1760-65 he lived at Burnside Plantation, where he built organs as an apprentice of Johann Gottlob Klemm (1690-1762), then moved to Lititz. Tannenberg died while working in York, Pa. His nearly 50 instruments represent the finest tonal and visual artistry among early American pipe organ builders.
1461 Schoenersville Rd., at entrance to Burnside Plantation (near RR Xing), Bethlehem
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David Thomas
"Father of the American anthracite iron industry" lived here. A native of Wales, he built Crane Iron Works, deemed the world's first anthracite iron furnace to be completely successful, both commercially & from an engineering standpoint.
Pine St. near 2nd, across from Presby. Church, Catasauqua
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David Wilmot
The great Free-Soiler is buried here. Born at Bethany, 1814. Studied law at Wilkes-Barre, 1834. Began practice in Towanda, his home until his death, 1868. His famed Wilmot Proviso introduced August 8, 1846.
William St. at Riverside Cemetery, Towanda (Missing)
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David Wilmot
The great Free-Soiler, who began the fight on slavery extension with the Wilmot Proviso in 1846, lived in this house. Republican Party founder; its first candidate for Governor. He died here in 1868.
U.S. 6 (York Ave.) above Barstow Ave., Towanda
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David Wilmot
The author of the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 barring slavery from territory acquired in the Mexican War, was born in this house Jan. 20, 1814. He died at Towanda, March 16, 1868, after a notable career in the State and Nation.
395 Old Wayne St., S of Sugar St., off PA 670 at Bethany, not accessible from "new" Wayne St. (a private drive)
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David Zeisberger
Noted Moravian missionary passed through here in Oct. 1767, en route from Bethlehem to found missions among the Delaware Indians to the West. He was the first white man to pass through the primeval forests of this region.
E Main St. (PA 49) near Andrews Hill Rd., just E of Harrison Valley
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David Zeisberger
Noted Moravian missionary, passed through here in Oct. 1767, en route from Bethlehem to found missions among the Delaware Indians to the West. He was the first white man to travel through the primeval forests of this region.
PA 49, between Colesburg and Gold
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David Zeisberger
Noted Moravian missionary camped near here Oct. 8, 1767, en route from Bethlehem to found missions among the Delaware Indians to the West. He was the first white man to pass through the primeval forests of this region.
2nd St. (US 6) on property of AASR, near Allegheny River bridge, Coudersport
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David Zeisberger - PLAQUE
Erected as a memorial to David Zeisberger, who encamped near this place on the night of October 8, 1767, when on his way from Bethlehem to the mouth of Tionesta Creek to visit the Indians on the Allegheny River. He was accompained by two Delaware Indians, Anthony and Papunhank. This visit led to the establishment of the various Moravian missions among the Delaware in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio. David Zeisberger was, so far as all records show, the first white man to pass through the primeval forests of the upper Allegheny River.
2nd St. (US 6) & Main Sts., County Courthouse, Coudersport
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Davies and Thomas Company
Established here, 1865, the company was a pio-neer in the manufacture of iron plate for lining underwater tunnels. Projects included the Holland, Lincoln, and Pa. Railroad tunnels and others worldwide. A tunnel segment was displayed at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition.
Near site of company
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Davis Island Lock & Dam
Below this bridge was the first lock and dam built (1878-1885) on the Ohio River. This was the world's largest movable dam yet constructed, and included the world's first rolling lock gate and widest lock chamber. Built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; replaced by the nearby Emsworth Locks and Dams in 1922.
1050 Ohio River Blvd. (PA 65) at E borough line, at Eat 'n' Park, Avalon
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De Benneville House
Built 1745 by Dr. George de Benneville, preacher in this area 1743-55, and founder of Universalism in America. He died in Philadelphia in 1793. The house is 2.25 miles away on a side road.
Memorial Hwy. (PA 622) at Blacksmith Rd., 1.5 miles N of Yellow House
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De Turk House
Built in 1767 by John de Turk, son of Isaac de Turk, a Huguenot who settled here in 1712 and was one of a number of French Protestants who were pioneers in this part of Berks County.
Junction DeTurk Rd. & Memorial Hwy. (PA 73/662), 1/2 mile S of Oley
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Delaware & Hudson Canal
Terminus of the waterway uniting the Hudson and Delaware rivers. Built in 1825-28. A gravity railroad feeder reached to Carbondale. For 70 years the anthracite trade outlet for the region.
Main St. (US 6) & 8th St., at historical society, Honesdale
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Delaware Canal
Uhlertown, known as Mexico at an earlier date, was named for Michael Uhler, boatbuilder and operator of a line of canal boats. Lock No. 18 and well-kept buildings are interesting reminders of canal days.
near covered bridge on Uhlerstown Hill Rd., ~ 1/4 mile west of PA 32 at Upper Black Eddy
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Delaware Canal
On the 60-mile canal from Bristol to Easton, nine aqueducts, including this at Tinicum Creek, carried boats of 71-ton capacity across small streams. The initial cost of aqueducts averaged about $7,000.
River Rd. (PA 32) at Golden Pheasant Inn, Tinicum (Missing)
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Delaware Canal
Here are locks No. 8-11 of the 23 lift locks on this canal. New Hope also had one of the nine aqueducts, and the only toll station between Bristol and Easton. Coal was the largest item of shipping.
River Rd. (PA 32), 50 ft. N of PA 232 at New Hope
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Delaware Canal
This canal encouraged a revival of the local iron industry, neglected since 1789; and the new Durham Furnaces, which operated here from 1848 to 1908, made this an important point for canal shipping.
PA 611 at Durham Furnace (MISSING)
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Delaware Canal
Here is Lock No.21 in a series of 23 lift locks, numbered from Bristol to Easton. The aqueduct over Cooks Creek is one of nine which carried water and shipping across branches of the Delaware River.
PA 611 (Easton Rd.) at PA 212 (Durham Rd.), Durham Furnace, ~1/2 mi. S of Riegelsville
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Delaware Canal
Opened from Bristol to this place in 1831; and completed to Easton in 1852. Outlet lock to the river built here in 1834. The near-by River House, built 1794, was a popular barge stop on the canal.
PA 32 (River Rd./S Main St.), just N of PA 232 (Windy Bush Rd.), New Hope
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Delaware Canal
Here is Lock No. 12 in a series of 23 lift locks, numbered from Bristol to Easton. Just above here is one of the nine aqueducts by which the canal and its traffic crossed courses of small streams.
River Rd. (PA 32) at Old Carversville Road, Lumberville
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Delaware Canal
Ground broken at Bristol for first 18 miles of canal, Oct. 27, 1827. Open to New Hope, 1831. At Bristol was one of three toll stations. A tide lock here was the outlet into the Delaware; and the first three of 23 lift locks were near by.
US 13 at Bristol (Missing)
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Delaware Canal
The highway crosses the canal midway in a level extending from the locks near Yardley to those at New Hope. Nearby is the Jericho Creek aqueduct, one of nine such structures in the 60-mi. canal from Bristol to Easton.
PA 32, 2.3 miles N of Washington Crossing at Jericho Creek (Missing)
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Delaware Canal
The canal channel, which parallels the Delaware River, lies just below the highway. Here are Locks No. 22 and 23, the last lift locks in the 60 miles of canal from Bristol to the Lehigh River at Easton.
Delaware Dr. (PA 611) at Canal Rd., S of Raubsville
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Delaware County
Formed September 26, 1789 out of Chester County. Named for the Delaware River and site of William Penn's first entry into Pennsylvania, 1682. Old Chester Courthouse (1724) is one of America's early public buildings. County seat, Media, incorporated 1850.
At Courthouse, Front St. & Veterans Sq., Media
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Delvin G. Miller (1913-1996)
An excellent horseman and among the most influential names in harness racing, Miller won 2,442 races in 8 decades, including the Hambletonian and the Little Brown Jug. He bred and trained many champions, including Adios, a winning stallion with numerous champion offspring. Inducted into the Harness Racing Hall of Fame in 1968, Miller promoted racing safety and technology. He founded The Meadows in 1963 to bring the sport to his southwestern Pa. home.
At the Winners Circle of the Meadows Racetrack & Casino, Racetrack Rd. at Meadows Dr., N Strabane Twp.
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Demetrius Gallitzin
Here is the tomb of the Russian prince-priest who gave up a life of ease for a frontier mission. Founder of Loretto, Catholic colony, 1799. St. Michael's is on the site of his chapel. He died here May 6, 1840.
319 St. Mary St. (SR 1005), Loretto (at Basilica of St. Michael the Archangel)
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Denison House
Built in 1790, home of Col. Nathan Denison, Revolutionary Officer and Luzerne County Judge.
At site, 35 Denison St. (at Wyoming Ave.), Forty Fort
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Densmore Tank Cars
The first functional railway oil tank car was invented and constructed in 1865 by James and Amos Densmore at nearby Miller Farm along Oil Creek. It consisted of two wooden tanks placed on a flat railway car; each tank held 40-45 barrels of crude oil. A successful test shipment was sent in Sept., 1865 to New York City. By 1866, hundreds of tank cars were in use. The Densmore Tank Car revolutionized the bulk transportation of crude oil to market.
Wm Finn Hwy. (US 8) near Turkey Farm Rd., ~4 mi. S of Titusville (at golf course)
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Derry Church
Founded in 1729; the first pastor, William Bertram, installed in 1732 by Donegal Presbytery. Its grove was patented to it by the sons of William Penn in 1741. The churchyard is the oldest pioneer graveyard in this region.
At church, 248 E. Derry Rd., Hershey
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Derry Churchyard
Oldest pioneer graveyard in Dauphin County. Here, near Pastors William Bertram and John Roan, lie heroes of the French and Indian Wars and the Revolution; and Colonel John Rodgers, a signer of the Hanover Resolves in 1774.
U.S. 422 (E. Chocolate Ave.) at E. Mansion Rd., Hershey
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Dery Silk Mill
Here was D. George Dery's first Pennsylvania silk mill, built 1897 and later enlarged. By 1914, Dery had 15 mills in this state & one in Massachusetts, employing some 4000 people; was considered the world's largest individual silk manufacturer. Operations ceased, 1923.
at site, 101 Race Street, Catasauqua
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Desegregation of Pennsylvania Schools
An event here in September 1880 led to the end of segregation by race in the state's public schools. At the South Ward schools, Elias Allen tried unsuccessfully to enroll his two children. He appealed to the Crawford County Court of Common Pleas, and Judge Pearson Church declared unconstitutional the 1854 state law mandating separate schools for Negro children. This law was amended, effective July 4, 1881, to prohibit such segregation.
S. Main St. across from Autumn Dr., at Second District School, Meadville
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Devon Horse Show
First held in 1896, it is the oldest and largest outdoor multibreed competition in the nation. It was declared a US Equestrian Federation Heritage Competition in 2010, the organization's highest honor. Originally a modest one-day show intended to bring in superior carriage horses for Main Line landowners, it grew into an international event lasting over a week. In 1919 the concurrent Country Fair was added to benefit Bryn Mawr Hospital.
105 E Lancaster Ave., Devon
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Dewey's Sit-in
Activists led one of the nation's first LGBT sit-ins here in 1965 after homosexuals were denied service at Dewey's restaurant. Inspired by African American lunch counter sit-ins, this event prompted Dewey's to stop its discriminatory policy, an early victory for LGBT rights.
SE corner of 17th & Latimer Sts., Philadelphia
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Dickinson College
Dr. Benjamin Rush envisioned a new type of education for post-Revolutionary America, a useful education in the liberal arts. Rush, with the assistance of Col. John Montgomery of Carlisle, founded Dickinson College to prepare an engaged citizenry able to meet the leadership needs of the new nation. Chartered on September 9, 1783 and named for John Dickinson, the college was the first established west of the Susquehanna River.
W High St., near 74N intersection at campus, Carlisle
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Dickinson School of Law
Oldest law school in Pennsylvania; founded in 1834 by the Honorable John Reed, eminent jurist, and author of "Pennsylvania Blackstone." Andrew Curtin, Civil War Governor, was one of earliest graduates.
S. College St. near South St. at Law School, Carlisle
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Dietrick Lamade
German-born publisher of the Sunday Grit, for many years a national "family newspaper." He founded it in 1882; this site was its home after 1889. He built Grit on a "good news" concept, an appeal to rural tastes, and a nationwide network of young carriers.
W. 3rd. & William Sts., Williamsport
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Dilworthtown - PLAQUE
The Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777, ended a short distance southeast of this place.
Birmingham Rd. (SR 2001) & Brintons Bridge Rd. (SR 2002), Dilworthtown
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Dingman's Ferry
Here was located one of the earliest ferries across the Delaware. Andrew Dingman in 1750 built the flatboat he used as a ferry with his own hand axe. Dingman was one of the pioneer settlers.
Federal Rd. (US 209), ~50 yds. N of Rt. 739 at Dingman's Ferry
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Dobbin House
Built in 1776 by the Rev. Alexander Dobbin. In use for some 25 years as one of the first classical schools west of the Susquehanna River. It is now a museum refurnished in keeping with the early period.
Business U.S. 15 (Steinwehr Ave.) near Pa. 134, Gettysburg
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Doctor Jonathan Potts
On this site was the house occupied by Dr. Jonathan Potts; Deputy Director General, 1777-1780, of Northern and Middle Departments of the Continental Army.
545 Penn St. (near 6th St. intersection), Reading
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Doddridge's Fort
To the north were located the stockaded cabins of John Doddridge. Built about 1773, they served as a refuge for settlers of this region in Revolutionary days. Also boyhood home of Dr. Joseph Doddridge.
Washington Pk. (PA 844) at Sugar Run Rd. (T342), W of PA 231, ~2.5 miles E of WV state line
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Donegal Church
A few miles west is this early Presbyterian Church, organized in 1714. Present structure built about 1740. In 1777, the congregation met at the Witness Tree in front of the Church to avow their patriotism.
PA 230, just west of Mt. Joy (Missing)
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Dorflinger Glass Works
Founded in 1865 by Christian Dorflinger on this site. Glass was made and cut here until 1921. Noted for the quality of Flint Glass, Dorflinger supplied the White House with sets of tableware through a number of administrations.
Main St./Texas Palmyra Hwy. (US 6) & Elizabeth St. at S end of White Mills
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Dorothy Mae Richardson (1922-1991)
Community activist who founded Neighborhood Housing Services in 1968 A model of resident-led community development, it inspired a national movement and led to the creation of NeighborWorks America. Richardson was a lifelong resident of Pittsburgh's North Side.
1419 Arch St., Pittsburgh
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Doylestown Agricultural Works
Constructed in 1867, this factory produced farm machinery and ironwork and was, for many years, the area's largest employer. It sold products around the world and, like other midsize metalworking firms, contributed to America's industrial growth. In its declining years, it was owned by General Motors' Sampson Tractor Division (1920-21) and others. Ceased manufacturing operations in 1937.
W Ashland St. at S Hamilton, Doylestown
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Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach (1876-1952)
Among America's most influential rare book dealers, he helped build many of the nation's great libraries. He and his brother Philip established the Rosenbach Museum & Library to share their personal collection with the public. They lived on this block from 1926 to 1952.
2010 Delancey Place
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Dr. Alice Evans (1881-1975)
Bacteriologist for the US Department of Agriculture who discovered that brucellosis bacteria found in raw milk caused undulant fever in humans. Despite gender discrimination in her field, she published a report in 1918 and promoted milk pasteurization until laws were passed in the late 1920s. She received numerous awards for pioneering contributions in microbiology. Evans graduated from the former Susquehanna Collegiate Institute here.
at entrance to YMCA, College Ave., between 2nd and 3rd Sts., Towanda
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Dr. Anna E. Broomall (1847-1931)
Obstetrician, teacher, and surgeon, she established the first U.S. prenatal care clinic at Woman's Hospital of Woman's Medical College of Pa. and promoted nursing there. Her work related to episiotomies and cesarean sections reduced birth mortality. She lived near here.
Widener Univ., 13th & Chestnut Sts., Chester
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Dr. Bodo Otto
Site of the home of Dr. Bodo Otto, Military Surgeon in Continental Army, 1775-82. Served as Surgeon-in-Chief at Valley Forge, 1777-78; Physician and Surgeon of the Continental Hospitals. Died, 1787.
525 Penn St., Penn Sq., Reading
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Dr. Charlotte Moore Sitterly (1898-1990)
Prominent authority on astronomy and author of more than one hundred books and articles, Sitterly was a career physicist with the Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. She received the American Astronomical Society award in 1937 and was the first woman elected to the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain, 1949. Born here in Ercildoun, Dr. Sitterly was a lifelong Quaker and attended Fallowfield Friends Meeting nearby.
640 Buck Run Rd., East Fallowfield Township
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Dr. Chevalier Jackson (1865-1958)
Pittsburgh native who helped establish the modern fields of laryngology and bronchology. He pioneered new, lifesaving procedures for the removal of accidentally swallowed objects and led the effort to require warning labels on poisonous products, which culminated in the passage of the 1927 Federal Caustic Poison Act. Taught at five Philadelphia medical colleges. Lived at Sunrise Mill, where he designed many new medical instruments.
Our proposed location for the marker is at the start of the driveway into the Sunrise Mill property, to be located on either the right or left side of the driveway. The current driveway is known colloquially as "Old Neiffer Road," as this drive which bisects the Sunrise Mill property was the original county Neiffer Road, before the current section of Neiffer Road that goes around the property was constructed in 1967. We would like our marker to be at this location as it will enable the marker to be visible to motorists and will provide enough space so they can pull over to look at it. Additionally, once Sunrise Mill has opened to the public, this driveway is intended to be the main entrance to the site, providing the historic marker further visibility and centrality to the visitor experience. 
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Dr. Constantine Hering (1800-1880)
Cofounder of the first medical society and first homeopathic medical school in the US, Hering discovered major medicines and authored definitive texts on homeopathy. He advanced the art of healing through research and education. His home office was here.
NW corner of 12th & Arch Sts., Philadelphia
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Dr. Edward H. McCleery (1867-1962)
A medical doctor by profession, McCleery established a wolf park nearby to breed and care for lobo wolves, a subspecies of gray wolf. Subject to a 1920s elimination program, this wolf was saved from extinction through his efforts. The park served as an education center for scientists and the public. Descendants of this pack survive in Montana and are the only bloodline of an animal that played a major role in western US ecology, history, and lore.
7840 Rt. 6 (near Wolf Farm Rd.), Hamlin Twp.
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Dr. Florence Siebert
Birth site of the renowned biochemist. In spite of the handicap of polio, she developed in the 1920s a safe process for intravenous therapy. Later, in 1934, she refined the tuberculin skin test that was ultimately adopted worldwide.
73 N 2nd St., Easton
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Dr. George Smith
A doctor, judge, scientist, and State Senator, Smith came to Collenbrook in 1829 upon his marriage to Mary Lewis, heir to this eighteenth-century family estate. He was a founder of the Delaware County Institute of Science and author of the 1862 "History of Delaware County." While a Senator, as chairman of the Education Committee, he drafted the 1836 law providing for this State's first public school code.
On Collenbrook property past barn and between house and carriage shed, .1 mile off Mansion Ave., Drexel Hill
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Dr. Henry Harbaugh
Pennsylvania-German author, theologian, and educator, 1817-1867, was born one and one-half miles distant. The house is marked by a monument.
14301 Harbaugh Church Rd., (@ church), off Midvale Rd. south of Midvale
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Dr. James Curtis Hepburn (1815-1911)
Physician and Presbyterian missionary to Japan in the late 19th century, he devised the widely used Hepburn romanization method to transcribe Japanese into the Latin alphabet. Hepburn published the first English-Japanese dictionary, translated the Bible into Japanese, introduced Western medicine to Japan, and founded Meiji Gakuin University. All were influential in opening Japan to the Western world. Dr. Hepburn was born here.
N Front St. (PA 405) near Walnut, at edge of Post Office property next to former home, Milton
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Dr. Jonathan Letterman (1824-1872)
A military surgeon, Letterman is credited with establishing modern methods of battlefield medical management. During the Civil War, he designed a medical supply wagon prototype, established triage procedures, and instituted an efficient system for procuring supplies and evacuating patients from the battlefield, still in use today. He founded Letterman Hospital at Gettysburg, which treated wounded on both sides. His childhood home was here.
68 E Pike St., Canonsburg
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Dr. Lawrence F. Flick
Pioneer in antitubercular campaign and among first to recognize this disease was communicable. Organized first American tuberculosis society, 1892. Founded White Haven Sanatorium, 1901. Birthplace 400 yards east of highway.
1745 Plank Rd. (US 219), 1 mile S of Carrolltown
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Dr. Mary Davis Ridgway (1873-1927)
A leader in the women's rights movement and a homeopathic physician and surgeon. She was founder of Providence General Hospital (chartered 1913), the principal officers of which were women. From 1914 to 1917 it served the community from nearby Abraham Rittenhouse Home. Political pressure then forced the hospital to move from this site, and it closed shortly after Dr. Ridgway's death.
Wissahickon Ave., between Lincoln Dr. and Walnut Ln., Philadelphia
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Dr. Oscar James Cooper
Cofounded Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc. at Howard Univ., the first fraternity established at an HBCU; Beta Chapter at Lincoln Univ.; and Mu Omega Chapter in Philadelphia. Also cofounded the Pyramid Club. A physician for fifty years, his home and office were here.
1621 West Jefferson Street in Philadelphia where Dr. Cooper lived and practiced medicine
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Dr. Philip Jaisohn
American-educated medical doctor who sowed seeds of democracy in Korea, published its first modern newspaper (1896-98), and popularized its written language. The first Korean to earn a Western medical degree and become a U.S. citizen. He worked for Korean independence during the Japanese occupation, 1910-45. Chief advisor to the U.S. military government in Korea, 1947-48. This was his home for 25 years.
100 E Lincoln St. (at "T" with Gayley St.), Media
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Dr. Reifsnyder
Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder, M.D., a pioneer medical missionary to China for more than thirty years, lived in this house both before and after her work abroad. Born 1858, she died here in 1922.
US 11 & 15, W side, just S of Race St., Liverpool
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Dr. Robert Mitchell (1786-1863)
Outspoken opponent of slavery, Mitchell was widely known as an abolitionist. In September 1845, he harbored five fugitives from slavery on his property here. Following a raid by bounty hunters, two men escaped; three were returned to slavery. Mitchell was tried and convicted for violating the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, and suffered heavy financial losses. The incident contributed to the more restrictive Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
Franklin St. (Rt. 286), between bridge over Two Lick Creek and Rt. 403S junction, Clymer
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Dr. William J. McKnight (1836-1918)
A physician turned senator, he coauthored an act in 1883 that established a board to oversee the distribution of unclaimed bodies to medical schools for anatomical study. In effect, it made grave robbery illegal and promoted the advancement of medical science.
209 Main St., Brookville
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Drake Well Park
Near Titusville. The Park and Museum are owned by the State. On the site Col. Edwin Drake struck oil Aug. 27, 1859, marking the birth of the petroleum industry. Historical and museum material center.
PA 8 just S of US 6, at S end of Union City
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Drake Well Park
Near Titusville. The Park and Museum are owned by the State. On the site Col. Edwin Drake struck oil Aug. 27, 1859, marking the birth of the petroleum industry. Historical and Museum material center.
At Drake Well Museum, SE of Titusville
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Drake Well Park
On this site "Col." Edwin Drake struck oil Aug. 27, 1859; the birth of the petroleum industry.
At Drake Well Museum, 202 Museum Ln., SE of Titusville
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Dravo Corporation Shipyard
During World War II, Dravo's shipyard here was a leader in the manufacture of Landing Ship Tanks--LSTs--for the U.S. Navy. Dravo's over 16,000 workers produced a total of 145 LSTs. This and four other inland yards, all using techniques pioneered by Dravo, contributed two-thirds of the Navy's fleet of over 1,000 LSTs. These amphibious craft proved vital to the success of Allied landings on enemy shores, 1943-45.
Neville Island Blvd. & Grand Ave., at Twp. Park, beside fire station, Neville Twp.
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Drumore Celebration - PLAQUE
This marker perpetuates the memories of four illustrious Americans who were identified with this part of Drumore Township. [4 additional plaques on the same stone monument recognize: Dr. David Ramsay, Gen. John Steele, Col. Thomas Porter, and Col. Archibald Steele.]
US 222 (E side) at Black Bear/Puseyville Rd., ~4 miles S of Quarryville
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Dry Run Cemetery
Opposite on the bluff at Penns Creek lay Buffalo Valley's pioneer cemetery. Abandoned 1791 after a generation of use, it held graves of veterans of the French and Indian War and of the Revolution.
Wildwood Rd. (PA 304), ~1 mile W of New Berlin (Missing)
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Duffy's Cut Mass Grave
Nearby is the mass grave of fifty-seven Irish immigrant workers who died in August, 1832, of cholera. They had recently arrived in the United States and were employed by a construction contractor, named Duffy, for the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. Prejudice against Irish Catholics contributed to the denial of care to the workers. Their illness and death typified the hazards faced by many 19th century immigrant industrial workers.
King Rd. at Sugartown Rd., Malvern
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Dunbar's Camp
Col. Thomas Dunbar, with the heavy artillery for Braddock's army, camped at a point three and a half miles to the north on July 9, 1755, the day of Braddock's defeat. When the news came, he destroyed most of the munitions and retreated.
US 40 approximately 6 miles SE of Uniontown, at Summit (Missing)
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Dunlap's Creek Bridge
An integral part of the National Road, this was the first metal arch bridge in the United States, built 1836-39. Replacing several earlier bridges on this site, including an 1809 Finley suspension bridge, this 80-foot span was built of cast iron by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Capt. Richard Delafield and Lieutenant George W. Cass oversaw construction.
At bridge, Market Street, Brownsville
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Duquesne Steel Works
Plant here began in 1886. Acquired by Andrew Carnegie, 1890; by U.S. Steel, 1901. Workers here implemented advances in rolling mill & blast furnace processes before 1914; in pollution control, 1953. At peak of operations they manned six blast furnaces. Plant was in service until 1984.
E Grant Ave. & Linden St. (PA 837), Duquesne
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Duquesne University
Founded by Holy Ghost Fathers from Germany in 1878. Incorporated 1882 as Pittsburgh Catholic College. Named Duquesne University in 1911, this Catholic institution has served students of many faiths in liberal arts and professional studies.
Bluff St. at Univ. Administration Bldg., Pittsburgh
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Durham Furnace
Built 1727. Original site at Durham. In blast until 1789, it made cannon and shot in the colonial wars and Revolution. One-time owners included James Logan and George Taylor.
PA 212 where 2 Durham Rds. intersect opposite Mine Hill Rd., Durham
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Durham Road Milestone
Bearing the inscription "1 M to N" (one mile to Newtown) this milestone is believed to have placed before 1741. It is one of two such markers still located on the historical 43-mile road from Bristol to Durham Furnace. Newtown, an important stop along this road, was the county seat from 1726 to 1813.
PA 413 near Main Dr., just S of Newtown
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Duryea Drive
Named in honor of Charles E. Duryea, inventor and builder of first successful hill-climbing gasoline automobile in U.S. Duryea Drive, extending from City Park to the Pagoda, is the course used by Duryea for testing his cars, 1900-1907.
Clymer St., just N of Hill Rd. & Constitution Blvd. and just S of Duryea Dr., Reading
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Dutch Settlers
First European settlers in this region were Dutch who came over the "Old Mine Road," traveling from the Hudson to the Delaware. Crossing at Walpack Bend, they then used this road, oldest in Monroe County.
2028 River Rd. (LR 45012), 6.7 miles NE of Shawnee
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
The future President of the U.S., General of the Army, and Supreme Commander in Europe in WWII lived in this house with his wife Mamie and infant son Icky in the spring and summer of 1918. An Army captain, he was then commanding Camp Colt at Gettysburg.
157 N. Washington St., Gettysburg
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Eagle Grange No. 1
Pennsylvania's first Grange, officially organized March 4, 1871, two and a half years before organization of the Pennsylvania State Grange on Sept. 18, 1873. The National grange (order of Patrons of Husbandry) had been established in 1867. Objectives of this and other Granges included cooperative purchasing, lowering of railroad rates, and rural free delivery. They pioneered in giving equal status to women. A Grange hall was built here, 1887.
At grange bldg., Rt. 15 and E. Blind Road, Montgomery
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Eagle Hotel
A three-story brick hotel, maintained by the Buehler family, 1811-64, stood on this site. Many State officials and legislators of the time took quarters here. Charles Dickens, a guest in 1842, praised his host in "American Notes."
At former 21 N. 2nd St., Harrisburg (MISSING)
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Eagle Ironworks
At nearby Curtin, making iron was begun about 1810 by Roland Curtin. The last old-style furnace in the U.S. was in blast here and ceased operation in 1922.
N Eagle Valley Rd. (PA 150), just NE of Curtin Rd. (SR1003) ~3 miles NE of Milesburg
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Earl Kenneth "Fatha" Hines
Recognized as the father of modern jazz piano, an influential band leader, and one of the first Black musicians to perform on American radio in 1921. His orchestra launched the careers of many popular jazz artists and was an incubator for bebop jazz. Born in Duquesne.
the home of Earl Hines, 600 Priscilla St, Duquesne
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Early Architecture
This one and a half story house is typical of the architecture during the period of early settlement of Lancaster, dating from 1730. Most of the local houses in 1800 were of this style.
28 N. Water St., Lancaster
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Early Bible
In a log cabin located on this site, Charles Frederick Goeb printed a Bible in 1813. It was the first Bible printed west of the Allegheny Mountains.
151 W Main St., at Somerset Trust Co., Somerset
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Early Grist Mill
Just west of here is the site of mill built in 1747 by Abram Nanna. It supplied flour for the Continental army during the encampment at Valley Forge. Mill operated till 1895, when it was razed by fire.
PA 320 at Gulph Mills (Missing)
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Early Refinery
The first refinery in the Oil Creek Region for crude petroleum was built nearby in 1860. The first run of oil was made in 1861. Oil was first refined at Pittsburgh, about 1854, by Samuel Kier.
E Main St. (PA 27) near E Spring St., Titusville
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Early Tavern
Opened in 1704, this tavern was known in Colonial times as the William Penn Inn, the Tunis Ordinary and Streeper's Tavern. Familiar to Franklin and Washington, the inn was renamed, shortly after the Revolution, in honor of Gen. Wayne, who had lodged here.
General Wayne Inn, 625 Montgomery Ave., Narberth
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Early Telegraph
First commercial telegraph line in the U.S. ran along this railroad right-of-way. Completed from Lancaster to Harrisburg, 1845. The first message, "Why don't you write, you rascals?" was received, Jan.8, 1846.
W Main St. (PA 230), just W of Mt. Joy
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Eastern State Penitentiary
Original prison built 1822-1836 on a radial plan by John Haviland. Linking solitude with moral and vocational instruction, it exemplified the Pennsylvania System of penology and became a model for over 300 prisons worldwide. Closed 1971.
2200 Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia
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Easton
Key center of travel, trade and industry at the Forks of the Delaware since the days of the Indian. Laid out in 1752 by William Parsons. Site of several Indian peace councils. The home of Lafayette College.
US 611 S of Easton (Missing)
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Easton
Key center of travel, trade and industry at the Forks of the Delaware since the days of the Indian. Laid out in 1752 by William Parsons. Site of several Indian peace councils. The home of Lafayette College.
US 22 at 13th St. (Missing)
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Easton
Key center of travel, trade and industry at the Forks of the Delaware since the days of the Indian. Laid out in 1752 by William Parsons. Site of several Indian peace councils. The home of Lafayette College.
Knox Ave. (PA 115) at N city line
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Easton
Key center of travel, trade and industry at the Forks of the Delaware since the days of the Indian. Laid out in 1752 by William Parsons. Site of several Indian peace councils. The home of Lafayette College.
N Delaware Dr. (PA 611) at N city line
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Ebenezer Don Carlos Bassett (1833-1908)
Educator and diplomat. Bassett was principal, Institute for Colored Youth, 1857-69. He was U.S. minister to Haiti, 1869-77; appointed by President Grant, he was the first African-American to receive a diplomatic post. Here he lived his last years.
2121 N 29th St., Philadelphia
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Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion
Community efforts in the 1950s and 60s preserved this Gothic and Second Empire style house, one of the earliest recognized for its Victorian period architecture. The surrounding Tulpehocken Station historic district was among the nation's first railroad suburbs.
200 W Tulpehocken St. (Germantown), Philadelphia
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Eckley Miners' Village
Founded in 1854 as Fillmore, it was renamed for noted mining engineer Eckley Coxe. It was built to house anthracite coal miners and their families, many European immigrants. Coal patch towns like Eckley were common in northeast Pa. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Colliery operations declined by the 1950s, but the site was restored for the 1970 film The Molly Maguires. Subsequently it was converted to a state historic site operated by PHMC.
At site entrance, just off Eckley/Buck Mountain Rd. (SR 2051), Foster Twp.
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Ed Bradley (1941-2006)
African American radio and television journalist, best known for his 26 years with the popular news magazine broadcast 60 Minutes. He began his career near here with WDAS radio, reported from Vietnam and Cambodia in the 1970s, and served as the first African American White House tele-vision correspondent during the Carter administration. Awards include 19 Emmys, a Peabody, and a National Assoc. of Black Journalists Lifetime Achievement award.
Ed Bradley lived and worked in the Philadelphia neighborhood, and the location has good visibility
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Eddie Adams (1933-2004)
Photojournalist and Pulitzer Prize winner for the 1968 image Saigon Execution, which was influential in swaying public opinion against the Vietnam War. Adams began his career as a photographer for his high school yearbook and the local newspaper. After relocating to New York, his photographs were published in numerous national newspapers and magazines. He received over 500 awards for his work and was one of the most published photographers of his time.
Ninth St & Fourth Ave., New Kensington
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Eddie Gottlieb (1898-1979)
A founder of the Basketball Association of America in 1946, the forerunner to the NBA, Gottlieb was introduced to basketball as a student here in 1914. "The Mogul" coached the award-winning SPHAS from the 1920s to 1950s and became the first coach of the Philadelphia Warriors, winners of the NBA's inaugural championship in 1947. Gottlieb served the NBA as schedule maker for 30 years and Chairman of the Rules Committee for 25 years.
S Phila. High School, Snyder Ave. & Broad St., Philadelphia
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Eddie Lang
"Father of Jazz Guitar." He was born Salvatore Massaro in 1902 and lived in this area as a boy. An accomplished soloist, Lang worked with Joe Venuti, Paul Whiteman, the Dorseys, and others. He was Bing Crosby's accompanist when death cut short Lang's career in 1933.
S 7th St., just N of Clymer St., Philadelphia
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Eddie Plank
Baseball great. One of the most dominant pitchers of the twentieth century. "Gettysburg Eddie" compiled a record of 326-194 throughout his career (1901-17), mostly with the Philadelphia Athletics. He won 20 Games or more eight times and helped the A's win six pennants and three world championships. Plank was born here, attended Gettysburg Academy. He retired and died in Gettysburg. Elected to Baseball Hall of Fame,1946.
intersection of Carlisle St. & West Lincoln Ave., Gettysburg
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Eddystone Rifle Plant
Built to make P14 Enfield rifles for the UK in 1914, the factory was the nation's largest during WWI. It produced a modified version of the firearm after the US entered the war, designated the Model 1917. It was the most common rifle issued to US soldiers and more than half were made here. Employing 15,000 workers, 20% of which were women, the plant fabricated over a million rifles, accounting for 47% of total US wartime production.
13th Ave. & Simpson St., Eddystone
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Edinboro State College
Founded in 1857, it was established in 1861 as a State Normal School, second oldest in the Commonwealth and first west of the mountains. It became a Teachers College in 1926 and a State College in 1960.
Waterford St. (US 6N) & Perry Ln. at campus in Edinboro
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Edmund N. Bacon (1910-2005)
Internationally known urban planner, his design concepts shaped Philadelphia's city landscape. As city planning director, 1949 to 1970, his legacy includes Penn Center, Market East, Society Hill, the Far Northeast, Yorktown, and LOVE Park here.
JFK Blvd., between N 15th & N 16th Sts., Phila.
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Edward A. Walsh (1881-1959)
Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, 1946. As a pitcher for the Chicago White Sox, "Big Ed" Walsh averaged 24 victories a year during a seven-year span, 1906-12. He twice pitched over 400 innings in a single season. In 1908, he won 40 games, pitched 11 shutouts, and won both games of a doubleheader as a starting pitcher. Walsh finished his playing career in 1920 with a 1.82 earned run average. He was born nearby in Plains on May 14, 1881.
N. Main St. at Carey St., Plains
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Edward Abbey
Author and defender of wilderness, most famous for his two books Desert Solitaire and The Monkey Wrench Gang. Born in Indiana, Pa., in 1927, Abbey grew up in and around the village of Home. Although he moved to the western U.S. in 1948, books such as Appalachian Wilderness, The Journey Home, and The Fool's Progress describe his native county, where he learned to love nature. Abbey died in Tucson, Arizona, in 1989.
Buffalo-Pittsburgh Hwy. (PA 119) northbound, between Washington Rd. & McElhoes Rd., Home
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Edward Acheson
The eminent American chemist was born in this house with the round corner, 1856. Was awarded many medals for his invention of carborundum, artificial graphite, and other valuable products of the electric furnace.
SW corner of Main & Maiden Sts., Washington
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Edward Drinker Cope
Internationally renowned vertebrate paleontologist and zoologist, Cope lived and worked here in his later years. He wrote many scientific papers describing hundreds of fossils & living animals and is famous for his long-standing feud with O.C. Marsh of Yale.
2100-02 Pine St., Philadelphia
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Edward Hector
Private in Captain Hercules Courtney's Company, Third Pa. Artillery, Continental Line, in the Battle of Brandywine. His home was in Conshohocken. He is symbolic of the many unknown Black soldiers who served in the American Revolution, but whose race is not mentioned in muster rolls.
Fayette St.(SR 3016), between Elm St. and 1st Ave., Conshohocken
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Edward Hicks (1780-1849)
Famed primitive artist. His subjects included farmscapes & Biblical scenes; he painted more than fifty versions of The Peaceable Kingdom, based on a prophecy of Isaiah. Also a coach & sign painter; a Quaker preacher. Lived here on Penn Street, 1821-49.
122 Penn St. (at Congress St.), Newtown
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Edward Lee Morgan (1938-1972)
Jazz trumpeter, compo-ser, and key performer of hard bop. Joined the Dizzy Gillespie band and played with Art Blakey and John Coltrane. As a bandleader he cut over 30 albums and is known for “The Sidewinder,” a crossover pop hit and jazz standard. Performed here at the Aqua Lounge.
African Cultural Art Forum, former location of the Aqua Lounge
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Edward Marshall
Measurer of the notorious Walking Purchase, 1737, lived in this area, 1755-1759. In the many Indian raids of this time, his wife and his oldest son were killed, 1757, supposedly in revenge. Later he returned to Bucks County.
Delaware Ave. (PA 611) between State/Bridge & Hester Sts. (near Jacoby Creek), Portland
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Edwin L. Drake
The man who sank the first oil well is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, and is commemorated by Niehaus's bronze figure of "The Driller." Drake Well is now a State park, a mile and a half south of Titusville.
PA 8 near Woodlawn Cemetery, Titusville
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Edwin L. Drake
Drilled first oil well in America in 1859 at Titusville, Pa. Lived at Bethlehem in this house for last seven years of his life, 1873-1880. In 1902 his remains were moved from Bethlehem to memorial monument erected at Titusville.
331 Wyandotte St. (PA 378), Bethlehem
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Edwin S. Porter
Motion picture pioneer, born in Connellsville. Developed concepts of film editing, screenplay, and other cinematic techniques. In early 20th century, he was America's leading director; his most famous film was "The Great Train Robbery," 1903.
Pittsburgh St. & Fairview Ave., Connellsville
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Elder Miller
Pioneer preacher and teacher in Abington region, lived near this village. Born in Connecticut in 1775. Settled in Waverly about 1800; died here in 1857. The first church in the township, and the first school, were on his farm.
1214 N Abington Rd. (PA 407), at PA 632, Waverly
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Elfreth's Alley
An exceptional collection of early American structures, built 1720s-1830s, the alley contained the homes and shops of diverse artisans. Later, working-class immigrants lived here and labored in nearby industries. Residents began preservation efforts in 1934.
2nd St. & Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia
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Eli Slifer
Home, 1861-1888, of Civil War Secretary of the Commonwealth, who as assistant to Governor Andrew Curtin had leading role in mobilizing State's men and resources for war. Elected State Assemblyman, State Treasurer. Born 1818, died 1888. House is now office of Evangelical Home.
Westbranch Hwy. (US 15) across from hospital, just N of Lewisburg
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Elijah Heath (1796-1875)
Outspoken abolitionist and judge, in 1835 Heath & others rescued two fugitive slaves, Charles Brown & William Parker. Heath, a Brookville resident, was sued by a Virginia slaveholder and fined for his actions. Undeterred, Heath continued his Underground Railroad activities.
64 S. Pickering St., Brookville
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Elisha Kent Kane (1820-1857)
Born in Philadelphia, Kane was a prominent explorer of the Arctic in the 1850s. His writings after his expeditions influenced scientific and popular opinion on the polar regions. He was first to chart a course that became the route that Robert Peary used to claim the North Pole in 1909. When he died, he was so revered that his body was sent on a two-week cortege across the country before being interred in its final resting place here.
Laurel Hill Cemetery, 3822 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia
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Elisha McCurdy
The great Presbyterian revivalist is buried here where he served as pastor 46 years. At Cross Roads and Upper Buffalo he led, in Nov., 1802, the Great Revival meetings attended by many thousands from near and far.
at cemetery, Steubenville Pk. near PA 18, Florence
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Elizabeth
Here were the boatyards of John and Samuel Walker, a major center for building boats for western waters. A ship launched in 1793 at these yards reached Philadelphia via New Orleans.
Between exit ramp of PA 51 and Elizabeth Bridge, Elizabeth
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Elizabeth Drinker (1735-1807)
A prominent Philadelphia Quaker whose diaries (1758-1807) offer a substantial historical account of events and everyday life of the era. In her home, east of here, she chronicled the 1777 British invasion of Philadelphia and other events related to America's founding.
147 N 2nd St., Philadelphia
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Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield (1809-1876)
Greenfield, who lived here, was one of the 19th century's leading singers, known as the "Black Swan" because of her great vocal range. Her performances were hailed in the U.S. and in England where she sang before the Queen.
1013 Rodman St., Philadelphia
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Elk County
Formed April 18, 1843 from parts of McKean, Clearfield and Jefferson counties. Named for the large elk herd that roamed the area. First State Game Lands established in Pennsylvania, in 1920, are here. The county seat, Ridgway, was settled in 1824.
County Courthouse, Main St. near Broad St. (PA 219), Ridgway
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Emmaus
Called by the Indians "Macungie," or "feeding place of the bears." Area settlement begun in 1730's, and a Shelter House was erected in 1734. Moravians established a "Gemein-Ort," or congregational village, and named it after the biblical town of Emmaus in 1761.
Main St. at library (near Klines Ln.), Emmaus
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Engine Company No. 11
One of 22 fire companies established under the Philadelphia Fire Department in 1871. In 1919, it became a segregated African American unit whose members distinguished themselves through professional service. Desegregated in 1952.
1016 South St. at Alder, Philadelphia
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ENIAC
ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. It was built here at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. The invention of this first all-purpose digital computer signaled the birth of the Information Age.
200 S 33rd St., S of Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Enos Benner (1799-1860)
Teacher, author, editor, and printer, Benner issued German-language publications for the Pennsylvania German population from his print shop here. His newspaper, Der Bauern Freund (The Farmer's Friend), was circulated weekly from 1828 to 1858. Preserved in its entirety, it is a very significant source of information on the political and social conditions of the Jacksonian era. Benner and descendants maintained the shop for 100 years.
3178 Main St., Sumneytown
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Ephrata Cloister
Surviving restored buildings of the Seventh Day Baptist community founded by Conrad Beissel. Original buildings erected between 1735 and 1749. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.
At site entrance on US 322, Ephrata
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Ephrata Cloister
Surviving buildings of the famous Ephrata community of Seventh Day Baptists, founded by Conrad Beissel, 1732. Turn to the right here to see this State historic shrine.
PA 272S, just NE of US 322 overpass, Ephrata
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Ephrata Cloister
Surviving buildings of the famous Ephrata community of Seventh Day Baptists, founded by Conrad Beissel, 1732. Turn to the right here to see this State historic shrine.
PA 272N, just SW of US 322 overpass, Ephrata
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Ephrata's Women Composers
During the 1740s, in the quiet religious community of Ephrata Cloister; Sister Föben (Christiana Lassie), Sister Ketura (Catherine Hagaman), and Sister Hanna (Hannah Lichty) were composing intricate hymn melodies and text to be sung during this congregation's worship services.
Suggested placement is within the bounds of the Ephrata Cloister Historic Site at 632 West Main Street, Ephrata. Placement would be between the driveway and post and rail fence on the right hand side as one enters the property.
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Episcopal Square
This square was set apart by the Penns in 1751 for the Church of England; in continuous use since that time by St. John's Episcopal Church. In 1752, the first church building was erected.
NE corner, High & Hanover Sts., Carlisle
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Erie
The State's only lake port, bought with Erie Triangle, 1792. Laid out in 1795 by Ellicott and Irvine. Site of French, British, and U.S. forts. Perry built his fleet here in 1813.
US 20 near Knoll Ave., E end of Erie (Missing)
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Erie
The State's only lake port, bought with Erie Triangle, 1792. Laid out in 1795 by Ellicott and Irvine. Site of French, British and U.S. forts. Perry built his fleet here in 1813.
Pittsburgh Ave. (US 20) near ramp to 79S, W of Erie
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Erie
The State's only lake port, bought with Erie Triangle, 1792. Laid out in 1795 by Ellicott and Irvine. Site of French, British and U.S. forts. Perry built his fleet here in 1813.
Peach St. (US 19) near Robison Rd., across from gas stn., just S of Erie
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Erie County
Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Named for Lake Erie, which took its own name from the Erie Indians. Erie, the county seat, was laid out 1795; made a city in 1851. Ships of Perry's fleet which won the 1813 Battle of Lake Erie were built here.
Erie County Courthouse, W. 6th St. between Peach & Sassafras, Erie
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Erie Extension Canal
By this channel Conneaut Lake, raised 9 feet above normal level, fed water to the canal at its highest point, the junction of the Shenango and Conneaut Lines, about 2 miles west from here. The canal was in use 1844 to 1871.
PA 618 S of Conneaut Lake Park
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Erie Extension Canal
Begun by the State, 1836, as part of a system of internal improvements. Completed 1843-44 by a private company. In use until 1871. Extended 105 miles from New Castle to Erie; French Creek Feeder joined it with Meadville.
US 6 & 322 E of Conneaut Lake (Missing)
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Erie Extension Canal
Cut off from the rest of Pymatuning Swamp by a 3-mile bank, this became the 600-acre "Pymatuning Reservoir" of the canal, which lay at its western edge. Begun by the State, 1838; finished by the Erie Canal Co., 1843-44.
Liberty St. (US 322) between Cemetery Rd. & Crystal Lake Rd., E of Hartstown
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Erie Extension Canal
Remains of the canal bed may be seen beside the railroad, below the bridge. Less than 2 miles away this Shenango Line, from New Castle, united with the Conneaut Line, from Erie. The entire canal was in use 1844-1871.
US 6 near Brooks Rd., just W of Conneaut Lake
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Erie Extension Canal
Canal bed visible at foot of the slope, toward the railroad. Extended from Beaver Division Canal, at New Castle, to Erie; this part of the Shenango Line, north to Conneaut Lake, was completed in 1842, and in use until 1871.
PA 18 S of Adamsville at Mercer Co. line (Missing)
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Erie Extension Canal
Part of the old channel lies near the highway. The Conneaut Line, from Erie to near Conneaut Lake, was begun by the State, 1838, and completed by the Erie Canal Company, 1843-44. Canal in use until 1871.
PA 18 N of Conneautville - Missing
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Erie Extension Canal
Part of the old channel is visible by the present railroad, which replaced the canal. Lockport, now Platea, was founded 1839 at a point where a series of locks, 28 in two miles, lowered boats bound for Erie. Canal open 1844-71.
Meadville Rd. (PA 18) at RR bridge between Mill St. and Peach St., Platea
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Erie Extension Canal
A section of this canal, linking New Castle and Erie, lies at foot of the slope, to left of side road. Conneaut Line, Erie to Conneaut Lake, begun by State, 1838; finished by company headed by R.S. Reed, of Erie, 1843-44.
US 20 at Asbury Rd., Asbury (W of Erie)
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Erie Extension Canal
Route of travel and trade, Pittsburgh to Great Lakes, 1840-1871. The old canal bed may be seen here in Clarksville and for about four miles eastward along the road to Mercer.
Wasser Bridge Rd. (SR 4003) just E of Pa. 18, S of Greenville (Missing)
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Erie Extension Canal
Route of travel and trade, Pittsburgh to Great Lakes, 1840-1871. Important to the western Pennsylvania iron industry before the rise of the railroads. The only remaining canal lock still stands in Sharpsville.
PA 18 & 518 (Lamar Rd.), Lamonts Corners, east of Sharpsville
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Erie Extension Canal
Route of travel and trade, Pittsburgh to Great Lakes 1840-1871. Important to the Western Pennsylvania Iron Industry before the rise of the railroads. Lock #10, a guard lock, represents the only remaining canal lock.
Sharpsville Area Recreation Park on Kelly Rd. at N end of Sharpsville
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Erie Extension Canal
The channel is clearly visible from here. Part of the Shenango Line, from New Castle to near Conneaut Lake. Built by the State; formally opened to Greenville, Aug. 23, 1840. Run by the Erie Canal Co., 1844-70. Closed 1871.
Wasser Bridge Road, .3 mile E of Pa. 18, S of Greenville (Missing)
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Erie Land Lighthouse
The first lighthouse to shine on the Great Lakes. Created to aid navigation and promote shipping, the original 20-ft. beacon (1818) and the subsequent brick tower (1858) were built upon unstable soil. The sandstone tower (1867) was the 3rd built here.
At site of lighthouse, 2 Lighthouse Street, Erie
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Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
In a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1938 that, in cases between citizens of different states, federal courts must apply state common law, not federal "general common law." Under Pennsylvania common law, Harry Tompkins of Hughestown lost his case against the Erie Railroad, a New York State company. Tompkins had been struck by an unsecured door of a passing train and severely injured near this spot on July 27, 1934.
Rock St., at Catholic Church, Hughestown
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Escape of Freedom Seekers Patrick and Abraham
In February 1837, two slaves, brothers Patrick and Abraham, escaped from a farm in Bath, Va. As they made their way to freedom, bounty hunters pursued them and they were wounded. Both black and white abolitionists assisted them on their way through Pennsylvania. They were aided here by William Slick, whose farm was a regular stop on the Underground Railroad. Although taken into custody in Johnstown, they escaped without trial or recapture.
601 Lamberd Ave., Johnstown
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Espy House
Built about 1771. It was the headquarters of George Washington in October, 1794, when he came to Bedford to review troops assembled here to quell Whiskey Rebellion in western part of the State.
E. Pitt St. between Juliana & Richard Sts., Bedford
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Ethel Waters (1896-1977)
African American blues, jazz and gospel singer overcame poverty to become one of the highest paid stars on Broadway. Several of her songs are Grammy Hall of Fame inductees. For acting, she received both Oscar and Emmy nominations. Waters was born in Chester.

entrance to Ethel Waters Park at PA 291 & Edgmont Ave., Chester
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Ethelbert Nevin
Composer of "Narcissus," "The Rosary, " and other well-known musical works, was born Nov. 25, 1862, at Vineacre, a property adjoining the far end of this street. Died Feb. 17, 1901, at New Haven, Conn.
65th Infantry Div. Hwy. (PA 65), east side, at Edgeworth Ln.,Edgeworth
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Etna Furnace
Built in 1809 by the firm of Canan, Stewart and Moore, and operated until 1877, the furnace produced some of the Juniata iron for which this region was famous. The furnace stack and some of the stone buildings may be seen about one mile to the eastward on the side road.
Int. of Etna Furnace Rd, TR 463 and Wm. Penn Hwy. (Missing)
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Eugene Gifford Grace
President, Bethlehem Steel, 1913-45, & chairman, 1946-57, lived here. A protégé of industrialist Charles M. Schwab, he helped make the company the U.S.'s largest shipbuilder & 2nd largest steelmaker - a formidable supplier in two world wars.
114 W. 4th St. (corner entrance on alley), Bethlehem
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Eusebius Barnard (1802-1865)
Born a Quaker, Barnard became a member of the Progressive Friends movement and upheld its active affirmation of the ideals of temperance, equality of women, and abolition of slavery. His farm became a station on the Underground Railroad. He and his family, at great risk to their own lives, provided shelter to freedom seekers and then escorted them to their next safe haven. He was a founding member of the Longwood Progressive Meeting.
715 S Wawaset Rd., Pocopson Twp.
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Evan Pugh, Ph.D.
Scientist, educator, humanitarian, and first President of Penn State University, 1859-64. Pugh trained as agricultural chemist; promoted application of science education to farming and industry. He founded and conducted Jordan Bank Academy at his home 3 miles south.
Jordan Bank Elem. School, S. Fifth and Hodgson Sts., Oxford
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Evangelical Church
The first church built by "Albright's People," later the Evangelical Association, was erected in New Berlin in 1816. It was the first Evangelical Church in the United States. The site is marked by a monument.
PA 304 at Front St., just W of New Berlin
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Evangelical Church
The first church built by "Albright's People," later the Evangelical Association, was erected in New Berlin in 1816. It was the first Evangelical Church in the United States. The site is marked by a monument.
Junction Chestnut St. (PA 45) & 10th St. (PA 104), W end of Mifflinburg
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Executive Mansion
The second official Governor's residence occupied a site across this street. Originally a private home acquired in 1864, it was altered and enlarged by many of its occupants. In the 1880's, it was referred to as "Keystone Hall." After 96 years of use, it was demolished in 1960.
Riverfront Park, opposite former 311-313 N. Front St., at Barbara St., Harrisburg
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Executive Mansion
The first official Governor's mansion stood at this site. Purchased in 1858, it housed only two governors, Packer and Curtin. It was sold in 1864 when the second mansion, "Keystone Hall," was acquired.
101 S. 2nd St. (at Chestnut), Harrisburg
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Exeter Friends Meeting
Established 1725 as Oley; name changed to Exeter, 1742. Present stone meeting house built 1759 near site of two previous log structures. Buried here are members of the Boone, Ellis, Hughes, Lee, and Lincoln families. Meetings discontinued 1899; building reopened for worship in 1949.
Meetinghouse Rd. & Boone Rd., .5 mile S of PA 562 & 2 mile W of Yellow House
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Fairmount Park - Commonwealth Treasure
The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission declares Fairmount Park a Commonwealth Treasure for all to protect, preserve and enjoy the historical, architectural, environmental, botanical, cultural and recreational diversity of one of the largest city parks in the world.
Kelly Dr. & Sedgely Dr., Philadelphia
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Fairmount Water Works
Centerpiece of Philadelphia's water system, 1815-1909. The neoclassical buildings, designed by Frederick Graff and Frederic Graff, Jr., concealed huge machines that pumped Schuylkill River water to a reservoir above, whence it flowed to the city. Power was originally supplied by Oliver Evans' high-pressure steam engine, the largest of its day. After 1821 the pumps were driven by breast wheels; after 1851, by turbines.
At waterworks, corner of Waterworks Dr. & Kelly Dr., Philadelphia
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Fairview Park
Due to racial segregation into the mid-20th century, African Americans were excluded from many amusement parks and recreational facilities. Local Sunday School superintendents formed the Monongahela Valley Sunday School Assoc. and in 1945 purchased land here to create a park open to all blacks. It was the first and only black-owned amusement park in Pa. and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 2011.
Pittsburgh St./Old Wm. Penn Hwy. near Turner Ln., Delmont
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Falkner Swamp Reformed Church
The nations' oldest originally German Reformed Congregation in continuous existence was established here. The first Communion was celebrated October 15, 1725, with the Rev. John Philip Boehm, founder of the German Reformed Church in America, officiating. The present building was constructed in 1790. Since 1961 it has been affiliated with the United Church of Christ.
Swamp Pike across from Leidy Rd., just SE of New Hanover
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Falling Spring Church
Founded 1734; main part of present church built 1803. One of the Presbyterian churches marking the first great settlement of Scotch-Irish pioneers west of the Susquehanna.
Philadelphia Ave. (US 11) at church, 3+ blocks N of Square, Chambersburg
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Fallingwater
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), this house was built in 1936 as a family retreat for Pittsburgh businessman Edgar J. Kaufmann. Widely admired for its design, it is dramatically cantilevered over a waterfall; it exemplifies Wright's desire to join architecture with nature. Edgar Kaufmann jr. presented the house to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy in 1963.
Mill Run/Whites Bridge Rd. (Rt. 381) at Fallingwater Rd., Mill Run
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Fallingwater - Commonwealth Treasure
The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission declares Fallingwater a Commonwealth Treasure for all to protect and preserve as a unique architectural and cultural part of our history
at site, Fallingwater Rd. next to visitors' ctr., Mill Run
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Famous Indian Walk (The) - PLAQUE
...of a day and a half from Wrightstown, Bucks County to near the present Mauch Chunk was performed for the Penn proprietors of Pennsylvania September 19-20, 1737 by EDWARD MARSHALL and his associates coming by the old Durham Road and a well-beaten Indian path At noon of the first day they ate their meal in the meadow of Mary Wilson widow of George Wilson an Indian Trader and Innkeeper who settled here about 1730 on a 472 acre tract located upon this branch of Cook's Creek in present Springfield Township Bucks County.
PA 412 (Hellertown Rd.) at creek just E of Moyer Rd., ~ a mile SW of Springtown (plaque missing)
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Fanny M. Jackson Coppin
Educator, writer, humanist, missionary. A former slave, she graduated from Oberlin College in 1865. Principal, Institute for Colored Youth, 1869-1902 (I.C.Y. became Cheyney University, 1983). Coppin pioneered industrial arts and teacher education.
Cheyney University campus, off Dilworthtown & Cheyney Rds., Cheyney
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Fanny Sellins
An organizer for the United Mine Workers, Fannie Sellins was brutally gunned down in Brackenridge on the eve of a nationwide steel strike, on August 26, 1919. Her devotion to the workers' cause made her an important symbolic figure. Both she and Joseph Starzelski, a miner who was also killed that same day, lie buried here in Union Cemetery where a monument to the pair was erected.
Front of Union Cemetery, Freeport Rd., Arnold
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Farthest North of Confederates - PLAQUE
The farthest north attained by any organized body of the Confederate Army of General Robert E. Lee was reached here at the farm of Joseph Miller on the morning of June 28, 1863. Hearing that Sterrett's Gap was occupied by Union troops these outposts returned to their command at Carlisle. From these hills the tide of Confederate invasion receded destined never to return.
PA 34 (E side), .7 mile N of Carlisle Springs
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Father Divine
Rev. Major J. Divine, civil rights leader of the 1930s, established Cooperative Economic Plan, providing life's necessities at nominal prices. Divine Lorraine Hotel here, built 1894 and acquired in 1948, was one of the first integrated hotels of its caliber in the U.S.
NE corner, N Broad St. & Ridge Ave., Philadelphia
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Fayette County
Formed September 26, 1783 from Westmoreland County. Named for the Marquis de Lafayette. Among the French and Indian War sites here is Fort Necessity. The county seat, Uniontown, was incorporated 1796. On the National Road, eventually U.S. Route 40.
County Courthouse, Main St., Uniontown
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FBI Office Burglary
On March 8, 1971, the Citizens’ Commission to Investigate the FBI broke into the bureau’s local office here and found proof of the agency’s domestic surveillance programs, including Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO). Exposure of the program contributed to the US Senate Church Committee’s investigation into these surveillance practices and resulted in congressional oversight of all federal intelligence agencies.
The building that housed the FBI Resident Agency in 1971. 1-7 Veterans Square, Media, Delaware County, PA 39.91911, -75.39175
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Federal Inn
Site of Federal Inn, erected about 1754. George Washington, with military escort, was a guest here, October, 1794, when on his way to muster an armed force to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion.
445 Penn St., Penn Sq., Reading
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Federal Street Burial Ground
Congregation Mikveh Israel's second cemetery, founded 1849. Here are buried Abraham Hart the publisher; Alfred Mordecai, soldier and engineer; Dr. Sabato Morais, rabbi and educator; Judge Mayer Sulzberger; and noted Civil War veterans.
Federal St., between 11th & 12th Sts., Philadelphia
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Female Medical College of Pennsylvania
First degree-granting women's medical school in nation, founded 1850. Renamed (1867) Woman's Medical College of Pa. by Ann Preston, Dean. Coeducational, 1969. Became Medical College of Pa., 1970; Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, 1996.
2900 W Queen Ln., at Drexel College of Med. entrance, Philadelphia
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Ferris Wheel Inventor
Civil Engineer, George Washington Gale Ferris (1859-1896), lived at 204 Arch Street. He designed and constructed the world's first Ferris Wheel for the Columbian Exposition in 1892.
Arch St., Pittsburgh
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Field Hospital
Wounded of the Sixth U.S. Cavalry and Sixth Virginia Cavalry C.S.A. were cared for in this church building after a severe engagement that took place two miles north of here on July 3, 1863.
Pa. 116 (Main St.) at St. John Lutheran Church, Fairfield
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Finland
Name given to tract along Delaware River from Marcus Hook to Chester River. Grant for tract was given Captain Hans Ammundson Besk, a native of Finland, by Queen Christina in 1653. Site of first Finnish settlement in America.
Concord Ave. near Pusey St, at monument, Chester
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First African Baptist Church
Founded in 1809, it is one of the first black Baptist churches in America and the oldest in Pa. In 1832, two members, John and Samuel Bivins, sold themselves into slavery to free an enslaved man, James Burroughs, to serve as pastor. After a year, Burroughs paid the slaveowner and the Bivinses were freed. F.A.B members helped found Downingtown Industrial School and many Philadelphia-area churches. Booker T. Washington spoke at the church centennial.
6700 Lansdowne Ave., Philadelphia
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First African Baptist Church
Founded 1809 as one of the first Black Baptist churches in America. Later two members sold themselves into slavery to free a slave to serve as pastor. Erected 1906, this building is located at a later site of the congregation.
16th & Christian Sts., Philadelphia
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First African Baptist Church Cemetery
Site of the cemetery that served this congregation from 1824 to 1842. Archaeological excavations in the 1980s provided links to ancient African burial customs. The remains were re-interred in Eden Cemetery, Delaware Co., Pa.
SW corner, N 8th & Vine Sts., Philadelphia
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First African Presbyterian Church
Founded 1807 by John Cloucester, a former slave who was instrumental in establishing Presbyterianism among African-Americans. First edifice was dedicated 1811 at 7th & Bainbridge Streets. Church has been at this location since 1957.
N 42nd & Girard Ave., Philadelphia
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First Aid Pioneer
Here in 1899 Dr. Matthew J. Shields organized first aid for mine workers. From it grew the plan of Red Cross industrial first aid, which he helped establish. Dr. Shields died in Scranton January 23, 1939.
Bus. US 6 & PA 107, near bridge next to guardrail, Jermyn
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First Aluminum Observatory Dome
On the hill just west of here, the first known astronomical observatory with an aluminum dome was erected in 1930. Designed & built by Pittsburgh amateur astronomers led by Leo J. Scanlon, the Valley View Observatory stood beside his Van Buren St. home. In the ensuing years, many of the world's observatories were built with such domes. Scanlon's shiny metal dome became a model for the popular image of a modern observatory.
In grassy strip between W View Ave. & McKnight Rd. (US 19), Ross Township
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First Cambria AME Zion Church
Formed 1873 in the loft of the Woodvale Tannery by workers there. Organized as Cambria Chapel A.M.E. Zion Church, 1874, at Napoleon and Dibert Sts. About 1877 it moved here. Washed from its foundation in the 1889 flood but later restored.
409 Haynes St., at Menoher Blvd., Johnstown
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First Cement
David O. Saylor was the first to make portland cement in the United States, at Coplay in 1871. First use of the rotary kiln to manufacture cement on a commercial scale also was here Nov. 8, 1889.
Coplay Rd., between Coplay Cement office bldg. and Saylor Park Dr., Coplay
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First Confederate Dead - Marker retired and replaced with 2021HM00034
Two Confederate soldiers, killed June 29, 1863, in a skirmish with Union troops, were buried here by local residents. The monument in their honor was erected by the Daughters of the Confederacy. 
Buchanan Trail (PA 16) near Horton Dr., just SE of McConnellsburg
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First Electric Cars
The first street car system in the U.S. built entirely for operation by electric power was at Scranton. It began operation on Nov. 30, 1886. The initial run was between central Scranton and Green Ridge section.
235 Adams Ave. at Spruce St. (Courthouse Square), Scranton
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First Electric Light
First successful use of a three-wire electric lighting system was made July 4, 1883, in the City Hotel building in Sunbury. Thomas A. Edison directed the work. The Edison Electric Illuminating Co. plant was at 4th and Vine Street.
Front St. (PA 147), just N of Chestnut St., Sunbury
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First Friends Meeting
Here in 1675, William Edmundson convened the first recorded meeting of Friends (Quakers) within present Pennsylvania. This was at the home of Robert Wade, who in 1682 greeted William Penn upon his arrival in Chester.
24th & Chestnut Sts., inside fence, Chester
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First House of Moravian Settlement - PLAQUE
The first house of the Moravian settlement occupied March 9, 1741, stood on this site. In this house on Christmas Eve 1741 COUNT ZINZENDORF, conducting a love feast, named the place Bethlehem.
Wall (S/left) of Hotel Bethlehem, 437 Main St., Bethlehem
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First Iron Bridge
The first iron truss bridge in the U.S. was built in 1845 in the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad blacksmith shop, just south of here. It was designed for the railroad in 1844 by Richard B. Osborne.
SE corner, High (SR4031) & York Sts., Pottstown
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First Iron Rails
The first rolling mill built to make the iron T railroad rails was nearby. T rails were first rolled Oct. 8, 1845. The first 30 foot rails made on order in the U.S. were rolled here in 1859 for the Sunbury and Erie Railroad.
Northumberland St. (US 11) just W of Continental Blvd. (PA 54), Danville (in front of Danville Middle Schl.)
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First Lutheran Church
This church, the third building, stands on the site of a log church built in 1780 by the Lutheran and Reformed and used jointly by the congregations till 1808. The land was donated by Benjamin Chambers.
W. Washington St. at church (near Black St.), Chambersburg
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First Mining of Pittsburgh Coal
This State's bituminous coal industry was born about 1760 on Coal Hill, now Mt. Washington. Here the Pittsburgh coal bed was mined to supply Fort Pitt. This was eventually to be judged the most valuable individual mineral deposit in the U.S.
Grandview Ave. between Ulysses & Bertha Sts., Mt. Washington (Pittsburgh)
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First Oil Pipeline
Constructed in the fall of 1865. Following a straight course about 5 miles in length, it transported oil by pumps from Pithole to a railhead at Miller Farm, thus revolutionizing the transportation of petroleum. Dug up when Pithole wells were pumped dry. Trench is visible here and at points along the course of the old pipeline.
Rouseville Rd. (PA 227) N of Russell Corners Rd., ~4 miles SW of Pleasantville
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First Pennsylvania Troopers Killed in the Line of Duty
On September 2, 1906, Privates John F. Henry and Francis A. Zehringer were killed in the line of duty as they attempted to arrest fugitive murderers barricaded in a nearby house. Three other troopers were wounded. Their sacrifice symbolizes the Pa. State Police Call of Honor, which states, in part, "I must serve honestly, faithfully, and if need be, lay down my life as others have done before me, rather than swerve from the path of duty."
Main St. (SR 310), just S of Ash St. (T-456), McCalmont Twp.
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First Pinchot Road
To "get the farmer out of the mud" was the road from here to Rossville. Gov. Gifford Pinchot broke ground here, July 23, 1931, to inaugurate the rural road improvement program of the Pennsylvania Department of Highways under the Act of June 22, 1931.
PA 177 (Rossville Rd.) & Bull Rd., 1.5 miles S of Lewisberry
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First Presbyterian Church
Oldest public building in Carlisle; erection begun, 1757. Here colonists met in 1774 to declare for independence, and George Washington worshipped, 1794. Congregation organized at Meeting House Springs in 1734.
NW corner, High & Hanover Sts., Carlisle
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First Presbyterian Church
Congregation traces its origin to 1742. The first regular pastor was Rev. John D. Woodhull, Revolutionary patriot. First building completed here in 1770; present edifice dedicated 1851. James Buchanan, 15th President of the U.S., was a member.
140 E. Orange St., Lancaster
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First Professional Football Game
On November 12, 1892, at Recreation Park a few blocks NW of here, the Allegheny Athletic Association defeated the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, 4-0. The winning touchdown was scored by William ("Pudge") Heffelfinger, who received $500 for playing. He was the first football player known to have been paid outright, and pro football traces its origin from this game.
Near Heinz Field, North Shore (Pittsburgh)
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First Protest Against Slavery
Here in 1688, at the home of Tunes Kunders, an eloquent protest was written by a group of German Quakers. Signed by Pastorius and three others, it preceded by 92 years Pennsylvania's passage of the nation's first state abolition law.
5109 Germantown Ave. at Wister St., Philadelphia
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First Reformed Church
Congregation of German, Swiss, and French settlers was formed about 1729. Log church here, Lancaster's first, 1736. Stone building, 1753; brick church, 1854. Rev. Philip Otterbein, Rev. William Hendel, Dr. Henry Harbaugh were eminent pastors.
40 E. Orange St., Lancaster
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First Reformed Church
Congregation organized 1745. This building, enlarged and restored, was erected, 1776. Scene of Indian Treaty, 1777. During the Revolutionary War, it was used as a military hospital.
N. 3rd St. at Church St., Easton
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First Republican National Convention
In the Musical Fund Hall here in June 1856, John C. Fremont was nominated for President of the U.S. He lost the election to James Buchanan. Formed in 1854 the Republican Party opposed the extension of slavery; Lincoln was its first nominee elected President (1860).
808 Locust Street, Philadelphia
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First School Slate Factory
The first factory to produce blackboard and school slates common in U.S. classrooms opened nearby in 1847. Slate production peaked at over one million pieces early in the 20th century, leading to Slatington's distinction as the nation's top slate and blackboard producer.
Main and Factory Sts., Slatington
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First Settlement - PLAQUE
On September 10, 1710, a patent for 2000 acres of land surrounding this spot was granted by William Penn, proprietor of Pennsylvania, to Daniel Fiere and Isaac Lefever. The patentees were from France and were Huguenots. Here they, with their mother , Madam Mary Fiere, and her family settled. These were the first white settlers in this part of Lancaster County. On account of an error in measurement the original patent was surrendered and a new patent for 2300 acres was granted on October 29, 1734. Within sight of this marker, Daniel Lefever, the son of Isaac Lefever and Catharine Fiere, his wife, was born. He was the first white child in the settlement.
At Paradise Park off US 30 on London Vale Rd., E end of Paradise
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First State Game Lands
A tract of 6288 acres lying north and east of here was the first purchase of State Game Lands by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The purchase was made in 1920 with funds obtained from hunting license fees.
Glen Hazel/Flower Valley Rd. (SR 1001) S of Bendigo Rd., SE of Glen Hazel
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First Steel
The first successful use of the pneumatic process in making steel in the U.S. was made at the Cambria Iron Works located opposite in 1857-58. The converter used by William Kelly is preserved at the Bethlehem Steel Co. office.
PA 56 in Johnstown, opposite steel mill (Missing)
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First Steel Rails
The first steel rails rolled on order in the U.S. were manufactured by the Cambria Iron Works across the river in 1867. These works were an industry leader in rolling mill technology. The ingots were made in Steelton by the Pennsylvania Steel Company.
Opposite steel mill (old PA 56), Johnstown
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First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry
Founded 1774 as a militia named the Phila. Light Horse, the Troop has served in every major U.S. conflict since then. They were scouts for General Washington and crossed the Delaware with him on Christmas 1776. Notable members have included Philadelphia mayors, ambassadors, Secretary of Defense Thomas Gates Jr., and Apollo astronaut Charles “Pete” Conrad. Now a unit of the Pa. Army National Guard, this armory has been the Troop’s home since 1900.
At the armory
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First World Series
In October 1903, National League champion Pittsburgh played American League champion Boston in major league baseball's first modern World Series. Boston won the best-of-9 series, 5 games to 3; prominent players included Pittsburgh's Honus Wagner and Boston's Cy Young. Games 4 through 7 were played near this site at Exposition Park, Pittsburgh's home from 1891 to 1909.
W General Robinson St, just W of Tony Dorsett Dr., North Shore (Pittsburgh)
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Firth Dock (1828-1871)
This anthracite coal transportation facility helped fuel America's Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. It was vital to the shipment of up to one-half million tons of coal annually along the Schuylkill Canal to Philadelphia and throughout the region. Also known as Palo Alto Loading Dock, it was built by the Schuylkill Navigation Company on land held by stockholder and Philadelphia merchant Thomas Firth.
E Washington St. (Rt. 209), S end of Port Carbon
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Fishbasket Indian Town
Near here, at the mouth of Town Run on Redbank Creek, a Shawnee village stood in the late 18th century. Called "Fishbasket" for these waters' immense schools of fish, it was at the junction of at least two major paths traveled by Native Americans: the Frankstown-Venango and Punxsutawney-Venango Paths. Prehistoric fortified Indian villages, revealed by archaeological investigations, also existed in this locale.
Brookvile St. (Rt. 28), at Park Rd., across from Redbank Valley Park entrance, Redbank Twp.
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Fisher House
This home, built 1801 by Henry Fisher, is a fine example of late Georgian architecture. Brought from the British Isles, this style is reflected in old homes of eastern and southern Pennsylvania.
Memorial Hwy. (PA 622), 1.4 miles N of Yellow House
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Fishing Creek Confederacy
Alarmed about draft resistance, the federal government deployed 800 troops to the Fishing Creek Valley in August 1864 to suppress the opposition. Peace Democrats suspected of Confederate sympathies were questioned at the Christian church near this site; 44 were arrested and imprisoned at Ft. Mifflin without access to civil courts. While most supported the Union, they disagreed with Pres. Lincoln's wartime policies. In 1866, the US Supreme Court declared military arrest & trial of civilians unconstitutional.
90 Mill St. (PA 487), Benton, PA
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Flagship Niagara
This restored vessel was used by Capt. Oliver Hazard Perry as his flagship in the Battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813 after the Lawrence was disabled. From the Niagara's deck Perry sent the message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours."
Erie Maritime Museum at Niagara Plaza, along fence at rear, 150 E Front St., Erie
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Fleetwood Metal Body Company
Established in 1909 by Harry C. Urich, the firm designed and fabricated custom auto bodies for the finest domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers, notably Cadillac, Duesenberg, Packard, Mercedes-Benz, ALCO, SGV, and Rolls-Royce. It was purchased by General Motors subsidiary Fisher Body Co. in 1925, and in 1930, GM moved fabrication operations to Detroit. The Fleetwood name was used by Cadillac for its luxury cars for another 60 years.
NE corner of N Richmind & Locust Sts., Fleetwood
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Flora Black (1870-1951)
On this farm lived Flora Black, a civic leader active in the county and Commonwealth. Here on October 14, 1914, she organized the Society of Farm Women of Pennsylvania. In the ensuing years, groups in many Pennsylvania counties became Society affiliates, in furtherance of its aim to strengthen the role of farm women and promote better conditions in farm homes across the Commonwealth.
Mason Dixon Hwy. (US 219) near Pine Hill Rd., across from RR tracks and switching stn., 3 miles NW of Meyersdale and south of Garrett
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Forbes Camp
Near here was located Shawnee Cabins camp. Used by Gen. Forbes army in the campaign of 1758 against the French at Fort Duquesne in present Pittsburgh.
US 30 near Graham Ave., W of Schellsburg
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Forbes Field
The first all steel and concrete ballpark in the nation, Forbes Field was home to the Pirates, site of four World Series in 1909, 1925, 1927, & 1960 and two All-Star games. Hosted the Homestead Grays, Steelers, and Pitt Panthers, as well as political rallies and boxing matches. Site of Bill Mazeroski's game seven, ninth inning, World Series winning home run on October 13, 1960 and Babe Ruth's last 3 home runs. Damaged by fire; razed 1972.
Roberto Clemente Dr. near S Bouquet St., by remaining Forbes Field wall, Pitt campus, Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Forbes Road
This intersection marks the point where Forbes Road of 1758 diverged from the path cut by Col. Burd in 1755. The Forbes Road led through the wilderness west toward Ligonier from this point.
Jct. Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) & Allegheny Rd.) PA 31, ~4 miles W of Bedford
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Forbes Road
On the hill one mile south was located the Washington Camp. This base for Forbes Road was built Nov. 1758 by Col. George Washington, "Commanding the Troops to ye Westward," on the order of Colonel Henry Bouquet.
Wm. Penn Hwy. (US 22) near Priority Ln., at Hoss's, E end of Murrysville
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Forbes Road (Fort Juniata)
At the Juniata Crossings, half a mile north of here, General Forbes erected a small stockade in 1758 to protect the communications of his army moving west to attack Fort Duquesne.
US 30, 2 miles W of Breezewood
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Forbes Road - Bouquet's Breastworks
The last base of General Forbes' army. After crossing nearly "two hundred miles of wild and unknown country," the army entered Fort Duquesne on Nov. 25, 1758.
SR 2066 (Old Frankstown Rd.), at Boyce Park Admin. Bldg., Monroeville
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Forbes Road - Eastern Slope
... of the Allegheny Mountains. At this point the Forbes Road leads northward to Fort Dewart. 15 miles from Fort Bedford.
Rt. 30, at curve opposite Old Shot Factory, just E of Somerset Co. line
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Forbes Road - Edmunds Swamp
Named for Edmund Cartlidge, Indian trader. A camp located here, on the Raystown Path, provided good grass for the horses of General Forbes' army in 1758. The site of the redoubt is marked two and a half miles north of here.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), just S of Boomer Miller Rd. at Buckstown, near Flight 93 Meml.
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Forbes Road - Fort Dewart
"The fort on the top of Allegheny Hill" was erected in 1758 during the Gen. Forbes expedition against Fort Duquesne. The site is marked half a mile northeast of here, near the head of Breastwork Run.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), New Baltimore, near Bedford County line
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Forbes Road - Raystown Path
To capture Fort Duquesne, General Forbes marched an army, in 1758, from his main base at Carlisle to the Forks of the Ohio. He followed, as closely as he could with army wagons, the Raystown Indian and Traders Path, widened by axemen under Colonel Henry Bouquet.
Ritner Hwy. (US 11), near W Pomfret and Carlisle marker, just W of Carlisle
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Forbes Road - Raystown Path
At Shippensburg, the Raystown Path forked: one branch led directly west over three steep mts. to Burnt Cabins; the other, taken by General Forbes to avoid heavy grades, went south round Parnells Knob to Fort Loudon, crossing the Tuscarora Mountain at Cowan Gap.
US 11, 1 mile NE of Shippensburg
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Forbes Road - Raystown Path
Just east of here is the junction of the two branches of the Raystown Path: a mountain shortcut by way of Fannettsburg, and Gen. Forbes road through Cowan Gap. From here Forbes route is marked by towns named for his forts: Littleton, Bedford, Ligonier, Pittsburgh.
U.S. 522, .2 mile SW of Burnt Cabins
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Forbes Road - Stony Creek Encampment
A fortified supply depot known as the Stony Creek encampment or fort was a little north of here. The route then leads north to the foot of Laurel Hill, the site of Tomahawk camp.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) at Whistler Rd. (SR 403), E of Stoystown
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Forbes Road - The Clear Fields
Good forage found at open camps such as this on the Raystown Path led General Forbes to prefer this route to Braddock's Road. Site of Fort Dudgeon (Tomahawk Camp) is a short distance to the north.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), .2 miles W of Willson Rd., W of Jennerstown
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Forbes Road - Washington & Bouquet Meeting
Near this site on July 30, 1758, Cols. Bouquet and Washington discussed proposed routes by which Gen. Forbes' army would attack French Ft. Duquesne. Bouquet preferred the route due west from Bedford, while Washington advocated Braddock's 1755 road to the south. Forbes himself chose the route from Bedford, and as a result occupied the ruins of Ft. Duquesne on Nov. 25, 1758. Forbes Road encouraged subsequent westward expansion through Pa.
Bedford Valley Rd. (Rt. 220) near Providence Lutheran Church, 2 miles N of Centerville
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - 12 Mile Run Encampment (PLAQUE)
One-half mile west of this marker Forbes Road takes a northerly course to Crab Tree Bottom thence westward toward Turtle Creek Defile.
Old Ligonier Hwy., ~12 miles S of Ligonier
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Edmond's Swamp (PLAQUE)
The fort stood a few rods west of this marker. The Forbes Road leads westward to Stony Creek Encampment 10.5 miles from Fort Bedford.
next to 787 Monument Rd., ~2 mi. W of Central City
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Fort Bedford-Raystown (PLAQUE)
Depot of supplies assembling place of an army of nearly eight thousand men and the starting point of General John Forbes' Expedition for the possession of Fort Duquesne. The road leads Westward to the Forks.
On wall at NW corner Pitt & Juliana Sts., Bedford
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Fort Dewart McLeans' Encampment (PLAQUE)
Built by Colonel Henry Bouquet and Garrisoned for several years. The Forbes Road leads Westward to Edmond's Swamp, 17 miles from Fort Bedford
Off US 30, on private property accessed via Fort Duart(Dewart) Rd.
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Fort Ligonier (PLAQUE)
Built by order of General Forbes. Was located 200 yards west of this marker. The road leads south-westward to 12 mile encampment. Eminent service was rendered here by Colonel Henry Bouquet and Colonel John Armstrong and in engagements with the French and Indians. Near this place Colonel George Washington, Colonel James Burd, and Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Mercer distinguished themselves, 50 miles from Fort Bedford.
E Main St. at SW corner of S Graham, Ligonier
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Plaque Retired by Commission on 9/14/2021
End of Forbes Road. Occupied by General Forbes November 25, 1758, and by Him Named Pittsburg. His Victory Determined the Destiny of the Great West and Established Anglo-Saxon Supremacy in the United States. "His Name for Ages to Come Will be Dear to Americans in the British Annals'--Col. Hugh Mercer to Colonel Bouquet March 21, 1759, 104 Miles From Fort Bedford.
Point State Park, between Fort Pitt Museum & Blockhouse, Pittsburgh
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Shawnee Cabins Encampment (PLAQUE)
At this point the Forbes Road leads Southwestward to the Eastern Slope of the Allegheny Mountains, 8 1/2 miles from Fort Bedford.
US 30 at W edge of Schellsburg
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - The Bouquet Encampment (PLAQUE)
Was located three miles East of this place, which marks the farthest Northern point of the Forbes Road which leads Westward to Fort Duquesne, 97 miles from Bedford.
PA 380 (Saltsburg & Frankstown Rds.), Petermans Corner, Penn Hills Twp.
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - The Forks (PLAQUE)
And the road cut by Colonel James Burd, in 1755, and the Forbes Road diverge here. Forbes Road leading Southwestward to Shawnee Cabins Encampment 4 1/2 miles from Fort Bedford.
Junction Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) & Allegheny Rd. (PA 31), ~4 miles W of Bedford
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Tomahawk Encampment (PLAQUE)
At foot of Laurel Hill the Forbes Road leads northwestward to Fort Ligonier 35.5 miles from Fort Bedford.
Corner of Kline's Mill Rd. (SR4027) & Sliding Rock Rd., NW of Jennerstown
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne - Turtle Creek Defile (PLAQUE)
Two and one-half miles to the eastward was located the Washington Camp. The Forbes Road leads northwestward to the Bouquet Encampment, 89 miles from Fort Bedford.
3890 Old Wm. Penn Hwy., Murrysville
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Forbes Road, 1758, Fort Bedford to Fort Duquesne- Stony Creek Encampment (PLAQUE)
"The Ovens" supply headquarters fortifications were erected a few rods north of this site. The Forbes Road leads northward to the encampment at the foot of Laurel Hill. 23.5 miles from Fort Bedford.
Whistler Rd. (Rt. 403) at North Star East Elementary & Middle School, Kantner, just E of Stoystown
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Forest County
Formed April 11, 1848 from Jefferson County. Named for its extensive forests. Part of Venango County was added, 1866, and county seat moved from Marienville to Tionesta. Area notable for its Indian paths, and Zeisberger's mission to the Munsees, 1767-1770.
County Courthouse, Elm St. (US 62) between May & Davis Sts., Tionesta
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Fort Allen
Built in 1756 by the Province of Pennsylvania. One of a series of frontier defenses erected during the French and Indian War. The site was within present Weissport.
U.S. 209 in Franklin Twp. (near Weissport), near Wachovia Bank
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Fort Allen
A little south, site of post built 1774 by Pennsylvania German pioneers of Brush Creek and Harrold's settlements. A refuge from the Indians in Dunmore's War and American Revolution.
PA 136 at Baltzer Meyer Pk. (SR 3097), Hempfield Twp, SW of Greensburg
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Fort Allen - PLAQUE
Built and commanded by Col. Christopher Truby, officer of the revolution, was located 150 yards to the south of this marker. A frontier Fort of Dunmore's War 1774, the Indian War, and the War of the Revolution, It was also known as Truby's Blockhouse. From here a petition to Governor John Penn sent by eighty inhabitants of Westmoreland County, headed by Wendel Oury, asked for aid in the threatened Indian uprising of 1774.
At church, Baltzer Meyer Pike & St. Johns Rd., .5 mile S of PA 136 SW of Greensburg
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Fort Allen Well
Only remaining part of Fort Allen, which was built by the Province of Pennsylvania, 1756, under the supervision of Benjamin Franklin. The well, now restored, is located directly behind houses opposite.
Park opposite 112-116 Franklin St., Weissport
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Fort Antes
Built 1776 by Col. Henry Antes. Site on the opposite side of the river at the mouth of Antes Creek. Nearby was Antes Mill, first in the region. The stockade was abandoned during the Great Runaway; burned by Indians.
Main & Seminary Sts., Jersey Shore
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Fort Armstrong
Located on the nearby river bank, this outpost was built in June, 1779, and abandoned that autumn. It served the Brodhead expedition against the Senecas and was named for Maj. Gen. John Armstrong.
Water St. between Locust & McClarron overlooking Allegheny River, Manorville
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Fort Augusta
Built in 1756-57 by Cols. Burd and Clapham and the key frontier outpost of the region. Mansion built 1852.
N Front St. (PA 147) just S of John St., at site (and Co. Hist. Soc.), Sunbury
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Fort Augusta
Largest and most important frontier stronghold on the upper Susquehanna. Located on the opposite river bank. Built 1756-57 and in use until 1783. The site is a State shrine at which are a museum and fort model.
US 11, at bridge, just across Susq. West Branch from Northumberland (Missing)
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Fort Bedford
First known as Raystown and built during the summer of 1758 by the forces of Col. Henry Bouquet, the fort was the rendezvous from which the expedition of Gen. Forbes advanced to occupy Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh). Museum stands on the original site.
Fort Bedford Dr., across from museum entrance, Bedford
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Fort Bigham
The site of this stockaded blockhouse is a few miles west in Tuscarora Valley. Built about 1754 to protect traders and settlers in this region. In 1756 it was destroyed by Indians.
William Penn Hwy. (SR 3001) at Industrial Park Rd. (PA 75), ~.8 mile NW of Mexico
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Fort Bosley
Located in the forks of the Chillisquaqua on east bank of the north branch. Here in 1777 a small force stockaded and garrisoned Bosley's mill for protection against Indian marauders.
Continental Blvd. (PA 54) between Front St. and Washingtonville Rd. (PA 254), just S of Washingtonville
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Fort Chambers
Erected in 1756 by Col. Benjamin Chambers, pioneer land-owner and founder of the town, who fortified his house and mill with stockade and cannon against Indians.
W. King St. at Conococheague Creek, W of US 11, Chambersburg
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Fort Couch
Remains of breastworks, at Eighth and Ohio Streets, built before the battle of Gettysburg, to oppose the expected Southern drive on Harrisburg. June 29, 1863, a few Confederate scouts neared here but withdrew.
Ohio St. at W Park Ave., Lemoyne
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Fort Couch
Remains of breastworks built in June 1863 to oppose an expected attack on Harrisburg by Confederate troops. Site then known as Hummel's Heights. Fort was named for General Couch, Commander, Eastern Pennsylvania Military Department.
Indiana Ave., betw. 8th St. & West Park, Lemoyne
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Fort Davis
Built about 1755, on land of Philip Davis. Farthest south in this State of a line of settlers' refuges from Indian attacks. The site is about a mile away.
Welsh Run Rd. (PA 995) at Bain Rd. (near Church of Brethren at Welsh Run)
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Fort Davis - PLAQUE
Was Located Near This Marker on the Plantation of Philip Davis Welshman -- Patriot -- Collector of Taxes -- Member of the Presbytery Of New Castle Who Built the Fort About 1754 as a Protection Against the Indians.
on private farm, W side of Bain Rd., 1.3 mi. S of PA 995 at Welsh Run
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Fort Deshler
A substantial stone structure, used as a military post and as a refuge for settlers against attack, was nearby on the north bank of Coplay Creek. It was built in 1760 by Adam Deshler, a native of Switzerland. Remaining in his family for several generations, the building was owned by the Coplay Cement Company after 1899 and stood until about 1940.
PA 145 near Chestnut St. intersection, S of Egypt at Ironton Rail Trail
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Fort Duquesne
Begun here April, 1754, by French after taking Virginia's fort. Key French position on the Ohio and base for raids on frontier after 1755. Burned by French before Forbes' army occupied it, November, 1758.
Point State Park, Pittsburgh
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Fort Durkee
First fort built by the Connecticut settlers; begun in April 1769. Used during the first Pennamite War against Pennsylvania authorities, 1769-71. It stood 1000 feet from Ft. Wyoming.
River St. near South St., Wilkes-Barre
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Fort Everett
A blockhouse, erected about 1756, stood 300 feet north of here. It was a place of refuge and defense against raids in French and Indian War days. The garrison, here, guarded the area south of Blue Mountain, between the Schuylkill and Lehigh Rivers.
PA 143 near Ft. Everett Rd., across from Lynn Twp. bldgs., E of Lynnport
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Fort Franklin
Built in 1756 as defense from Indian attacks. Named for Benjamin Franklin, who ordered construction. It was of limited use; abandoned in 1757. The Fort stood a short distance above present highway.
2308 W Penn Pike (PA 309) near Blue Mtn. Dr., SE of Snyders
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Fort Franklin
Site just west of here. Built in 1787 by U.S. troops under Captain Heart. First American fort in the region and base for protecting northwestern Pennsylvania's early settlements.
13th St. (US 322) & Franklin Ave., Franklin (at bridge over French Creek)
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Fort Freeland
Jacob Freeland's house was stockaded in 1778 as a protection against Indians. On July 29, 1779, it was taken by British and Indians. The garrison of 21 were killed or taken prisoner. The site is a quarter-mile from here.
Susquehanna Trail (SR 1007), at Warrior Run Church parking entrance, N of McEwensville
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Fort Gaddis
Built by Thomas Gaddis about 1764 on the Catawba trail, as a place of refuge from the Indians. Gaddis was later a colonel in the Pennsylvania Continental Line during the Revolution.
SR 3019 (old U.S. 119), 2 miles S of Uniontown
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Fort Granville
Erected in 1755-56 along the river just south. An important link in the chain of early frontier defenses. Destroyed July 30, 1756 by French and Indians under Capt. Coulon de Villiers.
1200 W. 4th St. (U.S. 22 & 522), Lewistown
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Fort Granville - PLAQUE
About 650 yards south of this spot, on the high bank of the Juniata River, was the site of Fort Granville, which was erected in 1755-56. This fort was twice attacked by the Indians. It was destroyed on July 30, 1756, when in command of Lieut. Edward Armstrong, who was killed in the battle with a large body of French and Indians. The entire garrison was either killed or carried into captivity.
1200 W. 4th St. (US 22 & 522), Lewistown
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Fort Halifax
Just west of this point stood Fort Halifax. It was built in 1756 by Col. William Clapham, and was one of the chain of frontier forts built to protect settlers in this region during French and Indian War days.
Pa. 147, .5 mile N of Halifax
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Fort Halifax - PLAQUE
One of the chain of frontier defenses of the province of Pennsylvania in the French and Indian Wars stood 500 feet to the west. Built 1756 by its commander Colonel William Clapham.
Route 147, 1/2 mile N of Halifax, W side
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Fort Hamilton
Built at direction of Benjamin Franklin. Named after James Hamilton, a member of the Governor's Council. Stood NW of here, garrisoned 1755-57, one of a chain of forts later replaced by Fort Penn. Abandoned in 1757.
NW corner of 9th & Main Sts. (PA 611 & US 209), at Historical Assoc., Stroudsburg
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Fort Hamilton - PLAQUE
One of a chain of Frontier Forts of the province of Pennsylvania in the French and Indian War, erected by the direction of Benjamin Franklin. Stood hard-by to the rear, extending across ninth street. Built in January 1756 by Capt. Levi Trump and Garrisoned by Capt. John Craig and 41 men. Later commanded by Capt. Nicholas Weatherhold, who on April 7, 1759 was succeeded by Capt. John Van Etter, and upon his death in the month of July Lieutenant James Hyndshaw was placed in command.
NW corner of 9th & Main Sts. (PA 611 & US 209), at Historical Assoc., Stroudsburg
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Fort Henry
Built 1756; garrisoned during the French and Indian War by troops under Capt. Christian Busse. Pennsylvania's major frontier defense east of Ft. Augusta (Sunbury). The site is 3/4 mile to the northwest.
Lancaster Ave. (PA 501) at Ft. Henry Rd., 2 miles N of Bethel
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Fort Hill
Archaeological study of the flat-top hill across the valley revealed two palisaded Indian villages with extensive house and burial remains, all dating from the Discovery Period.
Kingwood Rd. (PA 281), Lwr. Turkey Ft. Twp., 3 miles NE of Ursina
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Fort Horn
A defensive log house outpost, stockaded in 1777. Located on high ground on the south bank, opposite this spot, it commanded the Susquehanna. Abandoned in the Great Runaway of 1778.
PA 150, just NE of McElhatten Dr., Lock Haven (Missing)
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Fort Hunter
Stockaded blockhouse, built 1755-56, on site of present Fort Hunter Museum. Used to protect the frontier and as a supply base in building Fort Augusta. Abandoned and fell into ruins after 1763.
5300 N. Front St. (old U.S. 22 & 322), .5 mile N of Rockville Bridge, Harrisburg
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Fort Hunter - PLAQUE
A short distance west of this stone stood Fort Hunter, otherwise known as the Fort Hunter's Mill. This fort, consisting of a block house surrounded by a stockade, was built during the winter of 1755-56. It was used as a base of supplies and as a rendezvous for troops during the period of the Indian Wars. All traces of this fort were removed when the present building was erected in 1814.
N. Front St. (W side) opposite Fort Hunter Rd. N of Rockville
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Fort Hyndshaw
Built in 1756 by order of the Province of Pennsylvania. Northernmost of a line of defenses erected during the French and Indian War.
US 209 at Community Dr., SW of Bushkill
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Fort Jackson
Refuge from Indians during Revolutionary period. In 1774, it was a stockade cabin; later it became a square-shaped system of settlers' cabins joined by palisades. Site is 200 yards SW.
E High St. at Woodland Ave., Waynesburg (Missing)
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Fort Jenkins
A stockaded house used as a settler's refuge was situated here on the bank overlooking the river, 1778-80, when it was destroyed by the Indians. The land was later owned by James Wilson, an author of the Constitution.
Berwick Rd. near Naus Way, outside of Lime Ridge, ~6.5 miles NE of Bloomsburg
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Fort Lafayette
Stood on this site. It was completed in 1792. Built to protect Pittsburgh against Indian attacks and to serve as a chief supply base for Gen. Wayne's army, 1792-94. Reactivated during the War of 1812. Site sold in 1813.
9th St. just N of Penn Ave., Pittsburgh
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Fort Le Boeuf - PLAQUE
This monument marks the site of Fort Le Boeuf. Erected by the French in 1752. George Washington as a Major representing the Governor of Virginia, came here in 1753, bearing a letter to the commander of the fort, warning the French to withdraw their forces from this region claimed by Great Britain. This mission was one of the first links in the chain of events that settled forever the dominance of our land by the Anglo-saxon.
S High St. (US 19) just S of 1st St., in park opposite Fort Le Boeuf Museum, Waterford
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Fort Lebanon
One of a line of defenses erected about 1755 to ward off Indian raids after Braddock's defeat. Called Fort William in 1758. The site is marked on the side road just below here.
Market St. (PA 895) at Ft. Lebanon Rd., NE of Auburn
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Fort LeBoeuf
Three forts have stood on this site. French fort, built 1753 to guard road into Ohio Valley, abandoned 1759. British fort, built 1760, burned by Indians, 1763. American fort built to protect settlers, 1794.
at museum, S High St. (US 19) just S of 1s St., Waterford
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Fort LeBoeuf Memorial
The Judson House, built in 1820, stands on the site of the old French fort. This was the scene of Washington's first public mission.
at Judson Hs., S High St. (US 19) just S of 1st St., Waterford
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Fort Ligonier
Built here 1758 as a base of Forbes expedition. Under Col. James Burd withstood French and Indian attack, Oct. 22, 1758. Only small fort in West not taken in Pontiac's War, 1763, it made possible Bouquet's rescue of Fort Pitt.
E Main St. just west of S Graham, Ligonier
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Fort Littleton - PLAQUE
One of Pennsylvania's defenses against the French and Indians stood on this knoll built 1756 by GOVERNOR ROBERT HUNTER MORRIS.
US 522, 1.2 mile from intersection at Fort Littleton
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Fort Loudon
Built 1756 by Provincial government. Start of Forbes' expedition to take Ft. Duquesne, 1758. In 1765 colonists under James Smith forced the withdrawal of a British garrison from the fort.
US 30 & Brooklyn Rd., ~1 mile E of Fort Loudon (Missing)
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Fort Loudon - PLAQUE
...erected by Col. John Armstrong in the winter of 1756, at the order of the province of Pennsylvania, was situated a miles southeast of this spot. The fort was built for the protection of the frontiers against the Indians and took the place of the fort at McDowell's Mill, which was situated at Bridgeport. Fort Loudon was the scene of many thrilling events during the expedition of Gen. John Forbes, in 1758, and that of Col. Henry Bouquet, n 1763-4, this fort was used as a rendezvous for troops and as a base of supplies. It was the scene of the exploits of Capt. James Smith and his "Black Boys" in 1765. Before the building of the state road to Pittsburgh, it was the point of departure of great trains of pack-horses, laden with goods for the west and south.
Main St. at Mill St., in triangle at center of Fort Loudon
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Fort Lyttelton
Begun in 1755 by George Croghan, named by Governor Morris after Sir George Lyttelton, then the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Garrisoned variously by Provincial and regular troops, as well as local volunteers in 1763. By 1764 it was reported in ruins.
US 522 at site, ~.5 miles E of Fort Littleton
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Fort Machault
Built by the French in 1756 to guard the route to the Ohio, it was evacuated and burned by them after the siege and fall of Fort Niagara in 1759. Site of fort is one block south.
NE corner of Elk St. & 8th St. (US 322), Franklin
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Fort Manada
In this vicinity stood James Brown's log house-fort, named Fort Manada when garrisoned as an outpost of Fort Swatara from January, 1756, to May, 1757. Its usual complement consisted of 21 officers and men. No description of the fort has survived.
Mountain Rd. (PA 443) near Golf Ln. at golf course, between Manada Gap and Penn Natl. Race Course
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Fort Marshall
This settlers' refuge, located near Old Warm Spring Trail, was built about 1755 on the land of William Marshall.It was used as a station in the daily military patrol to guard the southwestern frontier of the Conococheague Settlement from raids in French and Indian War days.
Shimpstown Rd. across from Clay Lick Rd., S of Mercersburg
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Fort Mason
Built as a blockhouse in 1774-78 by John Mason. It was a settler's refuge in Revolutionary days. Site of the fort was nearby. Later rebuilt on Main Street as a dwelling.
S Main St. at Middle Ave. walkway, Masontown
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Fort McClure
Early in 1781 the McClure house was stockaded by the noted Indian fighter, Moses Van Campen, to protect settlers in this region after destruction of Fort Jenkins in 1780. Site on the north bank of the Susquehanna in present Bloomsburg.
US 11 at Fairgrounds / Ft. McClure Blvd., Bloomsburg
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Fort McCord
Built by the settlers; named for John McCord. Burnt April 1, 1756, by Indians, who killed or carried into captivity 27 persons. The site is marked, about 500 ft. away.
~2.5 miles NE of Edenville on Ft. McCord Rd.(SR 4008) at Rumler Rd.
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Fort McCord - PLAQUE
The site of Fort McCord where twenty seven pioneer settlers men women and children were massacred by indian savages or carried into captivity April 1st, 1756. Was a few rods south east of this spot. In the list of victims were Mary McCord, Mrs. John Thorn and babe, Mrs. Anne McCord wife of John McCord and two daughters, Martha Thorn a young mother with unborn babe, and a young girl. Names of provincial soldiers killed in pursuit of the Indians at Sideling Hill. [list of names of 21 killed and 11 wounded]
~2.5 mi. NE of Edenville, Rumler Rd. off Ft. McCord Rd. (SR 4008), plaque within fence on left
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Fort McDowell
John McDowell's mill, stockaded in 1755 by local settlers. Used by Provincial authorities until building of Ft. Loudon, 1756. Starting point of Col. Burd's road to the West, 1755.
PA 416 at Markes, junction of Mercersburg & Lemar Rds.
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Fort McDowell - PLAQUE
This stone marks the site of the fort at McDowell's Mill, erected by John McDowell before 1754. It was used as a base of supplies and as a magazine until the erection of Fort Loudon in 1756. The military road from Pennsylvania, connecting with the Braddock Road at Turkey Foot, was built from this point in 1755 under the supervision of Col. James Burd. During the period of Indian hostility the fort at McDowell's Mill was the scene of many thrilling events.
PA 416 at Markes, junction of Mercersburg & Lemar Rds.
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Fort McIntosh
The first U.S. military post north of the Ohio. Located on River Road and occupying the area between Bank, Insurance, and Market Streets. Built in 1778 and scene of Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785; also a survey base. Abandoned 1790-91.
3rd St. (PA 68) at Insurance St., Beaver
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Fort Mifflin
Laid out in 1771 by the engineer John Montresor. Heroically held by the Americans under British siege until they were forced out, Nov. 15, 1777. Rebuilt 1798-1800 according to L'Enfant's design and enlarged in the 19th century. A U.S. military post until the 1950s.
At site, Fort Mifflin Rd., Philadelphia
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Fort Morris
Named for Gov. R.H. Morris, and built by local settlers under the supervision of James Burd after Braddock's defeat in July, 1755. Later garrisoned by provincial troops commanded by Hugh Mercer. The fort site, long marked by the soldiers' well, lies a block to the north on Burd Street.
King (US 11) & Queen Sts., Shippensburg
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Fort Morris - PLAQUE
Erected in November 1755 by Col. James Burd, and used as one of the chain of forts to protect the frontiers during the period of Indian hostility following the defeat of General Edward Braddock.
Shippensburg
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Fort Muncy
This fort was the principal post north of Sunbury. It was built as a stronghold against attacks on frontier settlements at the time of the American Revolution. It was destroyed by the British and their allies in 1778, then rebuilt and destroyed again in 1779. The fort was rebuilt a third time because of its strategic position for defense and its use as a base to support scouting parties.
Across from mall entrance, Lycoming Mall Dr. (SR 2014) at Mall Pkwy., ~4 miles NW of Muncy
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Fort Necessity
Col. George Washington on May 29, 1754 began a fort here. July 4 he surrendered to a superior force of French. Fort Necessity Park includes the historic area and reconstructed fort.
US 40, at site
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Fort Necessity - PLAQUE
Was located about 400 yards to the south in the Great Meadows. Built and commanded, 1754, by Lieutenant Colonel GEORGE WASHINGTON * Aged 22 * here after 9 hours engagement with M. Coulon De Villiers in command of 900 French regulars and their Indian allies Washington and his 400 raw Virginia and South Carolina troops capitulated and early next morning July 4, 1754 marched out with the honors of war.
US 40, Mount Washington, 1 mile NW of Farmington
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Fort Norris
Built in 1756 by the Province of Pennsylvania. One of a series of frontier defenses erected during the French and Indian War. The site was about a mile distant.
US 209, .3 mi. N of PA 534, at elementary schl. entrance, Kresgeville
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Fort Penn
Named for Governor John Penn and replacing Fort Hamilton, the fort stood nearby. In 1763, it was garrisoned by Provincial troops. Later it served as refuge from attacks following the Battle of Wyoming, July 3, 1778.
530 Main St. (US 209) across from Stroudsburg U. M. Church, Stroudsburg
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Fort Pitt
Built by the English, 1759-61, to replace Mercer's Fort of 1758-59. Named for Prime Minister William Pitt of Great Britain. British stronghold in Ohio Valley and center for settlement.
Point State Park, Pittsburgh
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Fort Pitt Blockhouse
One of Fort Pitt's outworks, this blockhouse or redoubt stood near the western bastions and is the only surviving structure of that fort. Built in 1764 by Col. Henry Bouquet.
Point State Park, next to the Blockhouse, Pittsburgh
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Fort Presque Isle
Two forts stood four blocks north. French fort, built by Marin, 1753, abandoned, 1759. British fort, built by Col. Bouquet, 1760, and captured by Pontiac's Indians, 1763. The French Road to Fort LeBoeuf began there.
Parade St. at 6th (side of Erie Ins. bldg. - armory), Erie
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Fort Prince George
Name intended for fort begun here by Virginia force early in 1754 on site noted by Washington as "well situated for a Fort." Captured by the French, April 17, 1754, before its completion.
Point State Park, Pittsburgh
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Fort Reed
William Reed's stockaded house was the westernmost defense for Susquehanna Valley settlers. The site of the pioneer outpost is a few blocks ahead at the monument near the bridge.
W Main St. at intersection with 6th St. and W Water St. (PA 120), Lock Haven
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Fort Roberdeau
The Revolutionary fort site is located a few miles from here. Built 1778 by Daniel Roberdeau to protect lead mines in Sinking Valley which supplied the Continental army.
Skelp Mountain Rd., off I-99 Exit 41, Bellwood
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Fort Roberdeau
Site of the Revolutionary fort built by Gen. Daniel Roberdeau in 1778 to protect the Sinking Valley lead mines. The lead was extracted for the production of bullets in support of the patriot cause. This fort was also a supply depot for weapons and ammunition, and it provided settlers a refuge against raids by Tories (loyal to the British) and their Iroquois allies.
at site - Kettle Road (SR 1013), 1 mile SW of Culp (Missing)
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Fort Roberdeau
The Revolutionary fort site is located a few miles from here. Built 1778 by Daniel Roberdeau to protect lead mines in Sinking Valley which supplied the Continental army.
PA 453 / Truck PA 45 & Kettle Rd., near Union Furnace and just outside Blair Co. (MISSING)
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Fort Robinson
Pioneers' stronghold built 1755 on lands of George Robinson; in use for several years as refuge from Indian attacks. The site was about a mile away on the side road.
Sherman's Valley Rd. (PA 274), just E of Ft. Robinson Rd. (PA 850), 2.1 miles W of Loysville
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Fort Shirley
Built 1755-56 by George Croghan. First a stockade and then a major link in the frontier fort chain west of the Susquehanna. Base for the Armstrong expedition, 1756. Site on opposite knoll.
U.S. 522 at N end Shirleysburg
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Fort Shirley - PLAQUE
One of the chain of frontier defenses of the Province of Pennsylvania in the French and Indian Wars stood on this knoll built 1756 by its commander the noted Indian Trader and Agent GEORGE CROGHAN. Here in 1753 at the site of Aughwick Indian Town he had located his trading post and here September 3-6, 1754 CONRAD WEISER the noted Indian Interpreter and Agent had held a conference with the great Iroquoian Half King TANACHARISON and other chiefs of the Shawnee and Delaware Indians.
US 522, Shirleysburg
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Fort Standing Stone
Built to protect the settlers against Indian raids. In July, 1778, Continental troops and Militia were ordered here as part of plan of defense against Indian attacks. Old Fort stood 200 yds. south, at Stone Creek and the Juniata.
Penn St., Huntingdon
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Fort Sullivan
Here, between the Chemung and Susquehanna commanding both rivers, Gen. John Sullivan built a fort Aug. 18, 1779. With a camp on the flats, it was base for the central N.Y. campaign and defeat of the Tory-Indian alliance.
PA 199 & S Main St., south end of Athens
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Fort Sullivan "Soldiers' Burial" - PLAQUE
Here within the confines of Fort Sullivan were buried, August 14, 1779, several soldiers killed the previous day in a skirmish at Chemung, as attested by Soloman Talada, soldier in the ranks, who returned to live in Athens the rest of his life. This statement was corroborated by finding skeletons previous to 1839.
731 Main Street Athens
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Fort Swan
Site of early fort is 1.3 miles east of here. It was built in 1774 as a protection against Indian raids. Seven years before, 1767, the first settlers -- Swan, Van Meter, Hughes, Hupp -- crossed the Monongahela River into this area.
PA 88, S of Dry Tavern (Missing)
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Fort Swatara
Originally built by Peter Hedrick, 1755. The stockaded blockhouse was improved in early 1756 by Capt. Frederick Smith to guard Swatara Gap and protect the frontier settlements. The site is on Bohn Lane about a half mile from the intersection.
PA 72, about a mile N of Lickdale
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Fort Venango
To assert control over the area, Fort Venango was built near this point by the British in 1760. The fort was attacked and destroyed by Indians in 1763 during Pontiac's uprising.
SE corner of Elk St. and 8th St. (US 322), Franklin
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Fort Waddell (1754) - PLAQUE
One of the Forts for the defense of the frontier of Cumberland County from Fort Davis to Shippensburg, stood near this marker on the plantation, then owned by Thomas Waddell.
Route 30, W of Chambersburg, near PA416 junction, 1 mi W of St. Thomas (N side)
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Fort Wadell
One of a line of forts built by settlers in this region for refuge from Indian attacks following Braddock's defeat in 1755. It stood just to the north.
US 30, just E of junction PA 416 junction, ~1 mile W of St. Thomas
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Fort Wheeler
A stockade-type fort was built here in 1778 along Fishing Creek by Moses Van Campen. It served during the Revolution as a refuge against the Indians, by whom it was once attacked. Van Campen was the noted Indian scout of this region.
Lightstreet Rd. (PA 487) at Papermill/Central Rd., ~1.2 miles NE of Bloomsburg
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Fort Wyoming
Built by Pennsylvania, 1771; seized by Connecticut settlers. Rebuilt 1778. Mobilization camp for Sullivan's army, 1779. Destroyed 1784, after withdrawal of the Continental and Pennsylvania garrisons.
River St. near South St., Wilkes-Barre
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Fort Zeller
The State's oldest existing fort is half a mile to the north. Pioneers who came to the Tulpehocken from the Schoharie valley built it in 1723, rebuilt it in 1745. It was used as a place of refuge during Indian wars.
PA 419 (Main St.) at Ft. Zeller Rd., Newmanstown
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Forty Fort
Named for the forty Connecticut settlers of 1769. Begun in 1770. The Wyoming Massacre followed its surrender to Maj. Butler's force of British, Tories, and Indians, July 4, 1778.
US 11 (Wyoming Ave.) & River St., Forty Fort
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Fought's Mill
The nearby mill is on the site of the earlier mill built in 1771. The original Fought's Mill was a settlers' refuge against Indians in Revolutionary days. Here was held Nov. 3, 1776, Buffalo Valley's first election under the Constitution of 1776.
Chestnut St. (PA 45) at Forest Hill Rd., Mifflinburg
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Founding Convention of the AFL
On Nov. 15, 1881, in nearby Turner Hall, a convention was held to form the organization which became the American Federation of Labor. Soon it was the nation's largest labor federation. It became part of the merged AFL-CIO in 1955.
NW corner of Mellon Park, between 5th & 6th, opposite Wm Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh
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Founding Convention of the CIO
Near here on Nov. 14, 1938, the first convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was held. 34 international unions were represented. Pittsburgh's Philip Murray was president from 1940 to 1952.
North Commons Drive, at MLK Elementary, near Allegheny Center, Pittsburgh
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Founding of Ironworkers Union
On Feb.4, 1896, sixteen delegates met at Moorheads Hall here to form the International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental, & Reinforcing Iron Workers. Active in the struggle for health & safety standards; by 1996 it had 140,000 members.
Grant St., betw. Blvd. of the Allies and 1st Ave., Pittsburgh
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Foxburg Golf Course
Oldest golf course in continuous use in the U.S. In 1887, land was made available to the newly formed Foxburg Golf Club by Joseph M. Fox, its first president. Course was enlarged from five to nine holes in 1888. The Foxburg Country Club purchased, in 1924, the original land which it had been leasing.
St. Petersburg Rd. (PA 58) near Summit Ave., N end of Foxburg
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Frances E.W. Harper (1825-1911)
An author, lecturer, and social activist, Harper lived here and devoted her life to championing the rights of slaves and free Blacks. She advocated education as a way of advancement for Black Americans.
1006 Bainbridge St., Philadelphia
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Frances Perkins
U.S. Secretary of Labor, 1933-45. Visited Homestead July 1933 to discuss New Deal policy. Local authorities barred her from meeting with aggrieved steelworkers in nearby Frick Park. Undeterred, she moved the assembly to federal property here, at the former U.S. post office.
SW corner of 9th Ave. & Amity St., at police station, Homestead
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Frances Tipton Hunter (1896-1957)
Popular mid-20th-century illustrator best known for her cover art depicting children and pets on The Saturday Evening Post, Collier’s, and other national magazines. Also illustrated puzzles, advertisements, calendars, and Little Busybodies paper dolls. Raised in Williamsport.
Entrance to Way's Garden Park, W. 4th and Maynard Streets, Williamsport, PA
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Francis Daniel Pastorius - PLAQUE
Francis Daniel Pastorius founder of Germantown, 1651-1719, built here in 1683 on a lot 102 feet front a dugout *his first American home* in which, October 25, 1683, the thirteenth original settlers of Germantown drew lots for their new homes. He placed over the door this inscription: "Parva domus sed amica bonis, procul este prophani" "A little house but a friend to the good; keep away, ye prophane" at which his guest William Penn laughed.
502 S. Front St. (west side, near South St.), Philadelphia
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Francis Johnson (1792-1844)
"America's first native-born master of music" lived here. A prolific African-American composer. Trumpeter of 1st Troop, City Cavalry. Bandmaster, 128th Regiment, Pa. Volunteer Infantry. He was a major force in early American music; traveled widely.
536 Pine St., Philadelphia
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Frank Conrad (1874-1941)
At his garage workshop here in 1919-1920, Conrad made broadcasts over his amateur station, 8XK, which introduced the concept of commercial radio and led to the start of KDKA. For 37 years a Westinghouse engineer, he held over 200 patents.
PA 8 (Penn Ave.) & S Trenton Ave., W end Wilkinsburg
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Frank E. Bolden (1912-2003)
Distinguished journalist, one of the first two African American accredited correspondents during WW II. He covered the "Buffalo Soldiers" and "Tuskegee Airmen," reporting from India, Burma, & China. Later, City Editor of the Pittsburgh Courier.
2621 Centre Ave., across from YMCA, Hill District (Pittsburgh)
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Frank Furness (1839-1912)
A nationally influential architect, his forceful designs and bold use of industrial materials helped shape American modernism. His works include the Pa. Academy of Fine Arts and U. of Penn Library. Apprentice to Richard Morris Hunt and mentor to Louis Sullivan, Furness was born here.
1426 Pine St., Philadelphia
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Frank Gasparro (1909-2001)
Designer of the reverse side of the Lincoln Penny and, with Gilroy Roberts, the Kennedy half-dollar. Born & educated in classical art in Philadelphia, Gasparro was first employed as a junior engraver by the U.S. Mint in 1942. By 1965 he was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as the 10th Chief Engraver. Designed numerous coins and medals, including, the Eisenhower & Susan B. Anthony dollar.
727 Carpenter St., Philadelphia
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Frank N. Piasecki (1919-2008)
Aviation pioneer Piasecki developed and flew the 2nd helicopter in the US and the world's 1st tandem rotor helicopter, initiating the 1st practical use of rotorcraft in the 1940s. His original company, started here, now a division of Boeing, is a world leader in helicopter production. In 1956, he founded Piasecki Aircraft Corp., continuing development of innovative advanced rotorcraft. Awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1986.
1937 Callowhill St., north side of Callowhill between 19th & 20th
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Frank N.D. Buchman
World peace advocate, born here. Ordained a Lutheran minister in 1902, Buchman formed the Oxford Group, 1921. He founded Moral Re-Armament, a worldwide movement, 1938. Twice nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize, he was honored by many nations.
772 Main St. (PA 29) near 8th St., Pennsburg, across from church
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Frank Vittor (1888-1968)
Pittsburgh sculptor whose subjects included American presidents and public figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Honus Wagner, and Mark Twain. He devoted his life to sculpting and teaching, and founded the city's Society of Sculptors. An Italian immigrant, Vittor sculpted Christopher Columbus here, one of his best-known works. He created it with the support of the Sons of Columbus of America and in honor of his Italian heritage.
At Columbus statue in Schenley Park, One Schenley Dr., Oakland, Pittsburgh
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Franklin and Marshall College
Third oldest college in the State. Franklin College, 1787, named for its patron and benefactor, Benjamin Franklin, was united with Marshall College in 1853. Campus site selected by James Buchanan, President Board of Trustees.
Harrisburg Ave. at entrance to college, Lancaster (Missing)
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Franklin County
Formed on September 9, 1784 from Cumberland County and named for Benjamin Franklin. Site of Falling Spring, noted limestone trout stream. Birthplace of James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States. Chambersburg, county seat, was laid out 1764.
County Courthouse, Memorial Square (N. Main St.), NE corner of US 11 & 30, Chambersburg
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Frankstown
The site, prior to 1748, of a Delaware-Shawnee village called Assunepachla. Here the trader, Frank Stevens, had a fur post as early as 1734. The Kittanning Path led through here.
444 Old US 22 near Wm. Penn Hwy. intersection, .6 mile E of Hollidaysburg, and SW of Frankstown
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Frankstown Path
The path turned south, up the Frankstown Branch of Juniata. The Warriors Path from Great Island came in at Water Street, so named because the river bed was used as a passage through Tusseys Mountain.
US 22 at Water Street, PA (town name)
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Franz Kline (1910-1962)
This Abstract Expressionist painter, born in Wilkes-Barre, helped establish the international reputation of American artists in the 1950's. Kline's "Action Painting" is noted for bold, emotionally charged brushstrokes and non-representational subjects. The stark anthracite landscape of his native region inspired Kline's most famous work: his black and white paintings of the 1950s, including "Lehigh", "Luzerne", and "Pittston".
River Commons on River St., between South & Northampton Sts., Wilkes-Barre
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Fraser Tavern
Site of lots on which John Fraser and his wife established an inn and trading post in 1758. Fraser had been a guide and interpreter for Colonel Washington. The inn provided meals for army officers at Fort Raystown (Bedford).
NE corner E. Pitt/Lincoln Hwy. (Bus. 30) & Richard Sts., Bedford
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Fraunces Tavern
Here stood Fraunces Tavern, established by Samuel Fraunces after moving from New York where he had operated a famous tavern. He served as George Washington's chief cook, 1790-94, while the President lived in Philadelphia.
166 S 2nd St., (just W of Dock St.) Philadelphia
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Fred McFeely Rogers (1928-2003)
Born and raised in Latrobe, Mister Rogers was the creator, composer, host, and puppeteer of the award-winning TV program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968-2001). The program, produced at WQED in Pittsburgh, emphasized kindness, compassion, and learning. An ordained minister, Fred Rogers received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his outstanding approach to children's media and his legacy of nurturing and inspiring generations of children.
James H. Rogers Park at Main & Jefferson Sts., Latrobe
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Fred Morgan Kirby (1861-1940)
Pioneer of the 5 & 10 cent store sales concept. He opened his first store in Wilkes-Barre in 1884. In 1912, he merged his 96 retail stores with F. W. Woolworth to form the vast international retail chain. A philanthropist, he made significant gifts to institutions of higher education for the study of civil rights, and gifts for public health and recreation services in northeastern Pennsylvania. He resided here from 1905 to 1940.
202 South River St. (Kirby Hall), Wilkes-Barre
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Fred Waring (1900 - 1984)
World-renowned choral arranger and band leader, Waring was born and raised in Tyrone. In 1919, while attending Penn State, he started "Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians," a popular musical group that entertained for seven decades on stage, screen, radio, and TV.
SE corner of Pennsylvania Ave. & 11th St., Tyrone
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Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg (1750-1801)
Member, US House of Representatives from 1789-97. A Federalist, he was its first Speaker and first signer of the Bill of Rights. Ordained a Lutheran minister in 1770, he served as a pastor for nine years. He represented Pa. at the Continental Congress from 1779-80, and became Speaker of the State General Assembly from 1780-83. He presided at the State Convention to ratify the US Constitution in 1787. Muhlenberg resided here, 1781-91.
151 W Main St., Trappe, across from strip mall
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Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)
Champion of human freedom, African American abolitionist, newspaper editor, U.S. Colored Troops recruiter, U.S. ambassador to Haiti, and orator, Frederick Douglass gave his last public address "Against Lynch Law" here on February 1, 1895. A frequent visitor to West Chester, Douglass denounced lynching and bigotry and urged freedom, justice, and equality for all Americans. The Frederick Douglass Institute here maintains Douglass' legacy.
West Chester Univ. campus, between Library and Main Hall, facing High St.
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Frederick Douglass and John Brown
The two abolitionists met at a stone quarry here, Aug. 19-21, 1859, and discussed Brown's plans to raid the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. He urged Douglass to join an armed demonstration against slavery. Douglass refused, warning the raid would fail; the Oct. 16, 1859 attack confirmed his fears. Brown was captured with his surviving followers and was executed Dec. 2, 1859.
W Washington St., just W of Southgate Mall, Chambersburg
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Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital
Opened in 1895 as the first hospital for Blacks in this city, this facility trained and employed Black medical professionals who were excluded from other hospitals. In 1948, it merged to form Mercy-Douglass Hospital.
1522 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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Frederick Ingersoll (1874-1927)
A pioneer and leading visionary in the design of amusement rides and parks, his Figure-8 coasters and other inventions were found across the US. He launched his chain of brightly illuminated Luna Parks in Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood in 1905, which inspired other Luna Parks around the world. He built and operated some of Kennywood's first rides, such as the Old Mill, and four coasters, including the park's first Racer.
At Kennywood Park, 4800 Kennywood Blvd., West Mifflin
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Frederick Leaser - PLAQUE
whose homestead is located one mile to the north in September 1777 with his farm team hauled the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia to Allentown where it was concealed in Zion Reformed Church. His grandson Jesse Follweiler conveyed on the same wagon the liberty pole erected on this spot January 1st, 1833 --- It bore the Legend Jackson * Liberty and against nullification.
Leaser Lake Park off PA 143 via Pleasure Ct. (at end of pking lot at flag pole), Jacksonville
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Frederick Watts (1801-1889)
On a 116-acre tract here stood the model farm created 1857-67 by this agricultural reformer. Watts was the first president of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, 1851; a founder of the Farmers' High School (now Penn State); and U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture, 1871-76. The farm remained until 1988. Its site selection, layout, and building designs reflected Watts's pioneering ideas on farm efficiency.
Ritner Hwy. (US 11) & Shearer Dr. at entrance to Watts Bus. Park, W of Carlisle
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Free African Society
Established in 1787 under the leadership of Richard Allen and Absolom Jones, this organization fostered identity, leadership, and unity among Blacks and became the forerunner of the first African-American churches in this city.
at Mother Bethel Church, S 6th & Lombard Sts., Philadelphia
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Freedom Forge
Iron and steel have been made here for over 150 years. Freedom Forge, 1795, became Freedom Iron and Steel Co., 1867. The third Bessemer plant in nation. Open hearth steel first made here in 1895.
S Logan Blvd. near Freedom Ave., Burnham
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Freedom Now Rally
On August 3, 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King addressed a crowd of 10,000 at this intersection. His "Freedom Now" tour to Philadelphia, Chicago, Cleveland, and Boston was in gratitude for support given to his Southern Christian Leadership Conference. King brought his message into northern Black neighborhoods, supporting local civil rights efforts and raising funds. His goal was to empower the formation of a coalition to address their common concerns.
intersection of 40th St., Lancaster Ave., and Haverford Ave., Philadelphia
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Freedom Road
In search of freedom, men and women brought from the South by the "Underground Railroad" settled near here about 1825 and later. After 1850, most of them went on to Canada. Their cemetery, still in use, lies a short distance above the road.
US 62, across from Great Stoneboro Fair, SW of Sandy Lake
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Freedom Road Cemetery
Daniel Hughes, a lumber raftsman on the Susquehanna, lived here, 1854-80. In the years ending with the Civil War, he brought fugitive slaves here from Maryland, protecting them before they continued north via the Underground Railroad. Hughes gave part of his land for a cemetery, and among those buried here are nine known African-American veterans of the Civil War. The cemetery has borne its present name since 1936.
Freedom Rd. (T-456) S of Northwood Dr., Loyalsock Twp.
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Freedom Theatre
Formerly the home of actor Edwin Forrest, later Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Became Heritage House, then in 1968, Freedom Theatre, a community-based Black theater for professional instruction in the theatrical arts.
1346 N Broad St. (PA 611) at Master, Philadelphia
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French Creek
The Riviere aux Boeufs of the French, renamed by George Washington in 1753. It had an important part in the French and Indian War and the settlement of northwestern Pennsylvania.
200 W Adams St. (PA 173), near bridge, Cochranton, S of Meadville
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French Creek
The Riviere aux Boeufs of the French, renamed by George Washington in 1753. It had an important part in the French and Indian War and the settlement of northwestern Pennsylvania.
Perry Hwy. (US 19), between Church Rd. and US 6, S of Waterford
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French Creek Feeder
The canal visible beyond the field was built 1827-1834. Repaired in 1841, it carried water from French Creek to Conneaut Lake, reservoir for the Erie Extension canal, which operated between Erie and New Castle , 1844-71.
US 19 SW of Meadville and Eaglecrest Dr.
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French Creek Feeder
The canal bed beside the road is part of a channel constructed 1827-1834 to take water from Meadville to Conneaut Lake for the Erie Extension Canal. Two miles below here the Feeder crossed the creek by aqueduct.
US 322 S of Meadville
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Friedennsstadt - PLAQUE
This stone marks the site of the former Moravian Indian village of Languntoutenunk, or Friedensstadt, or city of Peace. Settled by the Moravian Indians in the spring of 1778. The majority of the members of this Mission had formerly belonged to the Mission at Wyalusing. Before removing to Lawunakhannek on the Allegheny River, from which place they removed to this site in the spring of 1773, the inhabitants of this village moved to Gnadenhuetten and Schoenbrunn in the Tuscarawas Valley, where other Moravian Missions were organized.
PA 18 N of Moravia, in virtually same location as 2 Friedenstadt markers
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Friedenshuetten
Moravian mission founded at Wyalusing Indian town by Zeisberger in 1763. It served as a model for subsequent Indian missions. It was abandoned in 1772, when pastors Ettwein and Roth led some 200 Indians to the mission of Friedensstadt on the Beaver River near Ohio.
US 6 near Moravian Rd., 1.3 miles SE of Wyalusing
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Friedensstadt
Founded 1770 by Christian Delaware Indians brought from upper Allegheny by the Rev. David Zeisberger. Settling on the eastern river-bank on May 3, they moved to the west side about three months later.
PA 18 (4353 Hwy. 18), near PA 168 junction, N of Moravia [a few meters from marker w/ same title]
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Friedensstadt
Abandoned April 13, 1773, when its inhabitants, with the Rev. John Heckewelder, moved to new towns on the Muskingum in present Ohio. There some of them were massacred, March 8, 1782, by Pennsylvania militia.
PA 18 (4353 HWY. 18), near PA 168 junction, N of Moravia [a few meters from marker w/ same title]
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Fugitive Slave Rescue
In April, 1858, citizens of Blairsville rescued a fugitive slave, Newman, from arrest by a U.S. Marshall and Virginia slave hunters. Lewis Johnson, a local black abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad, housed Newman. Indiana County was an important UGRR stop.
W Market St. at Liberty St., near community park and gazebo, Blairsville
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Fulton County
Formed April 19, 1850 out of Bedford County. Named for steamboat inventor Robert Fulton. Scene of Confederacy's first casualties in the Gettysburg Campaign, and its last campsite (1864) in Pennsylvania. McConnellsburg, county seat, incorporated 1814.
County Courthouse, N. 2nd (U.S. 522) & Market Sts., McConnellsburg
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Fulton Opera House
Built in 1852 and named Fulton Hall in honor of Robert Fulton. It is considered an excellent example of the 19th century "Opera House." For more than 75 years, every major star of the American theatre appeared on its stage.
N. Prince St., west side, just N of King, Lancaster
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G. Raymond Rettew
A West Chester chemist, he pioneered the mass production of penicillin, the world's first antibiotic. In 1943, with Wyeth Laboratories, his lab (a converted auto repair shop here) made & sent more penicillin to the Armed Forces than any other lab in the world, saving countless lives on the battlefields of World War II.
Walnut & Chestnut Streets, West Chester
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Galena-Signal Oil Company
Founded 1865. Under the leadership of Charles Miller & Joseph Sibley, it produced high - quality lubricants used by most U.S. railroads. Purchased 1878 by John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, which used Galena-Signal products to gain dominance over area railroads and a virtual monopoly of the U.S. oil industry. Independent after the breakup of Standard Oil in 1911. Absorbed 1931 by Valvoline. Headquarters located here, 1901-1931.
1140 Liberty St. (at S Park St.), Franklin
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Gallitzin Spring
The spring opposite here was a favorite stopping place of Prince Gallitzin, famous Catholic missionary and founder of the Loretto settlement. He was often known as Father Smith.
Old US 22, 2 miles E of Cambria Co. line
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Gallitzin Spring
The spring opposite here was a favorite stopping place of Prince Gallitzin, noted prince-priest and missionary, who founded the settlement at Loretto in 1792. He was also known as Father Smith. Buried at Loretto, site of his chapel.
Old US 22, westbound, 2 miles E of Cambria Co. line
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Gallows Hill - PLAQUE
Here Edward Marshall and his associates of the famous Indian Walk of a day and a half September 19-20, 1737 left the Old Durham Road on the first day and followed the well-beaten Indian path which led northwesterly through present Hellertown, Bethlehem, Northampton and the Lehigh Gap
Intersection PA 412 & SR 4075 (Gallows Hill Rd.), Stony Point
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Galusha Grow
Father of the Homestead Act, opening western lands to free settlement in 1862, lived at nearby Glenwood. Speaker of the House, 1861-63, and member of Congress, 1893-1903. Died in 1907; buried in Harford Cemetery a few miles from here.
Intersection US 11 & PA 547, N of Kingsley
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Galusha Grow
Father of the Homestead Act, opening western lands to free settlement in 1862. Speaker of the House, 1861-63; Returned to Congress 1893-1903. Educated at Franklin Academy, Harford, and buried in this cemetery.
PA 547 at cemetery, Harford
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Galusha Grow
Father of the Homestead Act, opening western lands to free settlement in 1862, Speaker of the House, 1861-63. Returned to Congress 1893-1903. Retired to his home, which stood on this site, until his death in 1907.
PA 92 just N of PA 374, Glenwood
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Gantz Oil Well
Site of first oil well in Washington County. Oil was struck in Dec., 1884. First oil was shipped in 1885; last oil was pumped about 1916. This well led to the development of the Washington oil field.
W. Chestnut St. at Brookside Ave., Washington
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Garard's Fort
Site of frontier refuge in Revolutionary War. Station of a small detachment of Virginia militia in 1777, when this area was claimed as part of Monongalia County, Virginia. Near here, on May 12, 1782, the wife and three children of the noted Baptist minister, Rev. John Corbly, were killed while on their way to church; two of Corbly's other children were wounded in the same Indian attack but survived.
Garard's Fort Rd. (SR 2011), N side, just E of Green Lakes Rd., .6 miles E of Garard's Fort
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Garard's Fort
Site of frontier refuge in Revolutionary War; station in 1777 of small detachment of Virginia militia. Near here, on Sunday, May 12, 1782, Indians killed the wife and three children of Rev. John Corbly, a Baptist minister.
S side of Garard's Fort Rd (SR 2011), W of Garard's Fort, near Laurel Run Rd. (T632)
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Gay Rights Demonstrations July 4, 1965 - 1969
Annual public demonstrations for gay and lesbian equality were held at Independence Hall. These peaceful protests and New York's Stonewall riots in 1969 & Pride Parade in 1970 transformed a small national campaign into a civil rights movement.
NW corner of S 6th & Chestnut Sts.
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Gemein Haus - PLAQUE
Erected in 1741. The first house of worship in BETHLEHEM. Home of clergy among whom were ZINZINDORF - SPANGENBERG - NITSCHMANN - ETTWEIN - SEIDEL. Scene of the Great Wedding July 15, 1749. Place of the only school for the teaching of Indian languages.
On Gemeinhaus building near entrance, 66 W. Church St., Bethlehem
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Gemeinhaus
Erected in 1741. First place of worship in Bethlehem was on the second floor. Count von Zinzendorf had quarters here, 1742. Place of many notable conferences in the Colonial and Revolutionary periods.
66 W. Church St., Bethlehem
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Gen. Andrew Porter
Revolutionary War officer; surveyor of western and northern State boundaries, 1784-87; Surveyor-General, 1809-13. Born near here, 1743; died at Harrisburg, 1813. His home, "Selma," is marked, a block distant.
W. Main & Selma Sts., Norristown
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Gen. Horatio Gates
This building was the residence of Gen. Gates in 1778. At that time he was President of Board of War. It was said that the "Conway Cabal" was thwarted here by Lafayette's loyalty to Washington.
W. Market St. between Pershing Ave. & Beaver St., York
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Gen. James M. Gavin (1907-1990)
U.S. Army officer; he rose to lieutenant general, 1955. Military tactician & strategist of airborne operations and limited wars. In World War II a paratrooper, regimental & division commander, 82nd Airborne Division; was in Sicily, Salerno, Normandy, Holland invasions. During Cold War he held high level command and staff postions. Retired from Army, 1958. U.S. Ambassador to France, 1961-63. Author & businessman. In his boyhood he lived here in Mount Carmel.
N Oak St. at corner of W 2nd, Mt. Carmel
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Gen. John Armstrong
"Hero of Kittanning," Revolutionary officer, member of Continental Congress, County Judge, lived in a house on this site. Died at Carlisle, 1795. Buried in Old Graveyard, two blocks south.
NE corner, High & Bedford Sts., Carlisle
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Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway (1895-1993)
U.S. Army officer; he rose to the rank of general, 1951. In World War II, commanded 82nd Airborne Division (famed for its invasion of Sicily), 1942-44; and 18th Airborne Corps, 1944-45. Supreme commander, United Nations forces in Korea, 1951-52, and Allied Powers in Europe, 1952-53. Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1953-55; opposed massive retaliation. Chairman, Mellon Institute, 1955-60. In 1989, Ridgway International Peace Shrine was dedicated here.
611 Field Club Rd. (at Timberline Dr.), at high school, Fox Chapel
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Gen. Wayne Headquarters
Building erected in Colonial Period was headquarters of Gen. Anthony Wayne while his command was in York, Feb.-May, 1781, awaiting orders to join Lafayette in the Yorktown Campaign.
NW corner, Market & Beaver Sts., York
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Gen. William Irvine
Early Carlisle physician, member of Provincial Convention, Revolutionary officer, commander at Fort Pitt, occupied house that stood on this site before 1800.
SE corner, High & Bedford Sts., Carlisle
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Gen. William Irvine
Surveyed Donation Lands in this area in 1785. Later bought a large tract of land, developed by his son Callender and grandson, Dr. William Irvine. One of the tenant houses of the estate stands opposite.
National Forge Rd. (Old US 6/SR 3022) W of US 62 and just E of Brokenstraw Creek, Irvine
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General Anthony Wayne Camp - PLAQUE
On the plateau, southwest of this spot, was situated the camp of the army of General Anthony Wayne. This army, known as the Legion of the United States, encamped at this place when on the expedition against the Indians west of the Ohio, from November, 1792, until April, 1793. The expedition resulted in the Treaty of Greenvile, which was signed in the summer of 1795.
Duss Ave. (old PA 65) near Anthony Wayne Dr., N of Ambridge
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General Hugh Mercer - PLAQUE
In memory of General Hugh Mercer. Born in Scotland, Colonel on General Forbes Expedition against Fort Duquesne 1758, Commander at Fort Pitt 1759, Colonel 3rd Virginia Regiment 1776, Brigadier General Continental army 1776, killed in the Battle of Princeton 1777.
N Diamond St., N side of Co. courthouse, right column support, Mercer
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General John Armstrong - PLAQUE
In memory of General John Armstrong, a Scottish Covenanter and a soldier of the American Revolution. Lieutenant Colonel, 2d. Battalion Provincial troops 1756. Brigadier General Continental Army 1776. Major General Pennsylvania Militia 1778 to close of war. In command of Pennsylvania Militia at Brandywine and Germantown. Died 1795.
mounted on Armstrong Co. Courthouse at entrance, N end of Market St., Kittanning
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General Lafayette
On July 26, 1825 after visiting the Battlefield of Brandywine, General Lafayette came to West Chester, and from a point one and one-half blocks east of here, he reviewed troops parading in his honor.
NW corner, N. Church & W. Lafayette Sts., West Chester
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General Lyman Louis Lemnitzer
A skilled military negotiator and strategist, he served as a general in WWII and a decorated commander in Korea. He was involved in creating NATO, chaired the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and commanded NATO troops in Europe before retiring as a four-star general in 1969. Born nearby.
Central Park in Honesdale along Church Street, opposite the courthouse
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General Richard Butler - PLAQUE
In memory of General Richard Butler. Born in Ireland. One of five brothers,soldiers distinguished for bravery and devoted service. Captain 2d Pennsylvania Battalion 1776, Colonel 9th Pennsylvania Regiment 1777, Major General United States Levies 1791.
On County Courthouse, Main St. (PA 8), Butler
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General Sir William Howe
The British commander had headquarters Sept. 18-20, 1777, at present Valley Brook Farm, before his capture of Philadelphia. Quarters of Gen. Charles Scott of Virginia in winter of Valley Forge, 1777-8.
US 202, 2.9 miles NE of Paoli (Missing)
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General Tasker H. Bliss
Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army during the first World War and military counselor to President Wilson at the Versailles Peace Conference, was born in this house on December 31, 1853.
115 S. Front St., Lewisburg
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Genevieve Blatt
One of the most influential women in Pennsylvania politics in the 20th century. First woman to be elected to a statewide office, Secretary of Internal Affairs, and to be nominated by a major party to run for the U.S. Senate. Elected to the Commonwealth Court in 1973, she wrote the 1975 opinion that gave girls equal access to school sports. Blatt lived at 115 North Street for twenty-five years.
Riverfront Park at Liberty Street (one block north of State St.), Harrisburg
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George Alexander Spratt
George A. Spratt (1870-1934): Historic farm where Spratt performed aeronautical experiments that aided Wilbur and Orville Wright in their invention of the airplane. His knowledge helped diagnose an issue with the Wright's 1901 glider. Spratt gave the Wright Brothers his idea of simultaneously measuring the lift and drift forces of a surface which helped them determine the 1903 Wright Flyer's wing shape. The Wrights visited here in December of 1906.
Using Spratt family photographs from 1910s, the location of the Spratt Farm has been positively identified at 800 Reeceville Road in West Brandywine PA. Key components were a photograph of Spratt's 1908 Glider showing the barn in the background, location of the Spratt farm via the Farm and Business Directory, Chester County Pennsylvania, 1914, Wilmer Atkinson Company, along with modern photos of the Spratt Farm site. The marker should be placed just outside a fence on the Reeceville Road near the property.
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George Bissell
An attorney & oil industry pioneer, in 1854 with J.G. Eveleth, he purchased the Hibbard Farm, future site of Drake Well. Later that year, they organized Pennsylvania Rock Oil Co., America's first oil corporation. Bissell, with partners, also developed Petroleum Centre & United Petroleum Farms at Oil City.
S Park St. near Liberty St., Franklin
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George C. Marshall
Soldier and statesman, born Dec. 31, 1880, on this site. Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1939-45. General of the Army from Dec. 1944. Secretary of State, 1947-49, and Defense, 1950-51. Author of Marshall Plan for European recovery. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Died Oct. 16, 1959.
142 W. Main St. (U.S. 40), Uniontown
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George Catlin
The great painter of Indian portraits was born here July 26, 1796, of Connecticut ancestry. Until 1823 he practiced law here and nearby. He began painting Indian pictures six years later.
River & South Sts., Wilkes-Barre
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George Croghan (c.1718-1782)
Irish immigrant and land speculator who launched one of the largest and most effective British trade networks in America in the 1740s. From his original trading post on this site, Croghan expanded as far as the French-controlled Ohio Country. He learned Native American languages and customs to gain a source for furs, in high demand in Europe. For three decades, he was a key negotiator for the British at Indian conferences.
Site at 401 Skyport Road is the location of trading post
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George Edward Waddell
One of the greatest pitchers in baseball history. With the Philadelphia Athletics "Rube" Waddell led the American League in strikeouts 6 straight years, topping 20 wins in each of his first 4 years. During his career he won 193 games. He was known for his colorful & eccentric personality and was one of baseball's first true matinee idols. Born in Bradford, PA, and raised here in Prospect, Waddell was named to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.
Main St. (Rt. 488) at Monroe St., at elementary school, Prospect
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George Gordon Meade (1815-1872)
Soldier, civil engineer. Major General, U.S. Army. Commander, victorious Army of the Potomac at Battle of Gettysburg, 1863. Philadelphia was his family's home; he died at No. 1836 here, in a house given to him for his service to the nation.
S 19th St., between Panama St. & Delancey Pl., Philadelphia
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George H. Earle III (1890-1974)
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1935-1939. His administration during the Great Depression, known as the "Little New Deal," created more than 200,000 new jobs and established the Pa. Turnpike Commission. Civil rights, labor, and unemployment compensation laws were enacted. Earle served F.D.R. as American minister to Austria and then Bulgaria. A decorated WWI and WWII veteran, he was born and raised here.
3 Earle's Ln., Newtown Sq.
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George H. Wirt (1880 - 1961)
Pennsylvania's first professionally trained forester and co-founder and first director of the State Forest Academy begun here in 1903. A protege of Dr. Joseph T. Rothrock, Wirt advocated learning through theory and practice and set pioneering trends in forestry education. Architect of forest protection legislation enacted in 1915 and a successful wildfire protection plan. Wirt served as Chief Forest Fire Warden, 1915-1946.
near PSU Mont Alto campus, approx. 120 yds. E of Slabtown Rd. on south side of PA 233
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George M. Leader (1918-2013)
Governor of Pennsylvania (1955-59) and state senator (1950-54). Leader’s administration was noted for growth in state aid to education and progressive reforms to civil service, the state park system, and state psychiatric hospitals. It also created the Council for Fair Employment Practices and Pa. Industrial Development Authority. Born here on his family farm, Leader later established nursing and retirement communities across the state.


At former home
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George Nakashima (1905-1990)
Internationally acclaimed woodworker, architect, and leader of the American craft movement, his unique furniture style celebrated the inherent beauty of wood. Here, he created an environment integrating landscape, architecture, and interior design.
1847 Aquetong Rd., New Hope
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George Rosenkrans
Noted band composer (1881-1955) lived most of his life in Penfield and was church organist here. Rosenkrans wrote piano and organ music and hymns, as well as over 200 band numbers. Among his marches are "Triumphant Battalions" and "Our Glorious Flag."
Pa. 255 at Methodist Church, Penfield
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George Ross
Soldier, ardent patriot, jurist, and a Signer of the Declaration of Independence; settled at Lancaster about 1751. Site of his country house, now marked by monument, is on Ross Street, nine blocks north. Died, 1779.
SW corner, King & Lime Sts., Lancaster
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George Taylor
One of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, member of Continental Congress, ironmaster, lived in this house built in 1757 by William Parsons, Surveyor-General. First occupied by Parsons.
NE corner of 4th & Ferry Sts., Easton
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George Taylor (1716-1781)
Signer, Declaration of Independence, lived here. Delegate to Continental Congress, appointed July 1776. In the provincial Assembly (elected 1764) he opposed a royal government. An ironmaster. House built 1768; a National Historic Landmark.
At George Taylor House, Lehigh St. just S of Race St., Catasauqua
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George Washington
Returning to Virginia from his historic visit at Fort Le Boeuf, Washington used the adjacent Venango Indian Trail. In this locality, on Dec. 27, 1753, he narrowly escaped death, being shot at by an Indian less than fifteen paces from him.
Evans City Rd. (PA 68) near Ashtop Rd. (T411), at twp. bldg., ~1.5 miles NE of Evans City
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George Washington
Here George Washington reviewed militia from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, rendezvoused at Carlisle, October 1794, before marching to the Western part of State to quell the Whiskey Rebellion.
W High & West Sts., Carlisle
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George Washington
In December, 1753, George Washington came here with notice from the Governor of Virginia to the French that they were trespassing on British soil. The statue shows Washington carrying out his first public mission.
S High St. (US 19) just S of 1st St., at G.W. Memorial Park, Waterford
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George Washington
Washington bought nearly 200 acres of land in this vicinity in 1770. The grist mill, built about 1774 at his order, was almost a mile from here. Its ruins are still observable.
PA 51 in Perryopolis (Missing)
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George Washington
Near here at the David Reed home, Washington met Sept. 20, 1784, with 13 Covenanter squatters on his tract of 2613 acres. Failure to fix terms of purchase forced him to bring suit at Washington to eject the illegal tenants.
Southview Rd. near Baker Rd., N of PA 50 & W of Southview
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George Westinghouse
Inventor of air brake and some 400 other devices. Developed AC transmission of electric current. Spent creative years in Pittsburgh and founded the industry which bears his name.
US 30 at W end of George Westinghouse Bridge over Turtle Creek, Turtle Creek
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George Westinghouse
Inventor of air brake and 400 other devices. Developed AC transmission of electric current. Spent creative years in Pittsburgh and founded the industry which bears his name.
US 30 at E end of George Westinghouse Bridge over Turtle Creek, Turtle Creek (MISSING)
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George Wolf
Congressman; Governor for two terms, 1829-35, was born on a nearby farm on Aug. 12, 1777. His fame rests on his support of the Free School Act of 1834, foundation of the public school system of the State.
Nor Both Blvd. (PA 329) near Jacksonville Rd., SW of Bath
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Germantown Meetinghouse
Built here in 1770 - the first meetinghouse of the Church of the Brethren in the nation. Founded in Germany in 1708, the denomination was entirely transplanted to America by 1750 due to religious persecution. Many early Brethren leaders are buried in the cemetery.
6611 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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Gertrude E.H. Bustill Mossell (1855-1948)
Teacher and journalist lived here. Wrote for many publications on race and feminism. Her books included "The Work of the Afro-American Woman." Fundraiser for Frederick Douglass Hospital; her husband was its founder.
1423 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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Gettys Crossroads and Tavern
Here the Shippensburg-Baltimore and the Philadelphia-Pittsburgh Roads crossed. Near the crossroads, stood the tavern of Samuel Gettys. In 1775, troops gathered here for Continental service.
44 York St., Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Address
Nearby, Nov. 19, 1863, in dedicating the National Cemetery, Abraham Lincoln gave the address which he had written in Washington and revised after his arrival at Gettysburg the evening of November 18.
PA 134 (Taneytown Rd.) at entrance to National Cemetery
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Gettysburg Address
Here, on Nov. 19, 1863, in dedicating the National Cemetery, Abraham Lincoln gave the address which he had written in Washington and revised after his arrival at Gettysburg the evening of November 18.
Baltimore St. (old US 140) & PA 134 at entrance to National Cemetery
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Gettysburg Campaign
Part of General Jubal Early's Confederate Division, marching by Mummasburg and Hunterstown, passed here June 27, 1863, on the way to York. Returning June 30, they passed a little to the north, toward Heidlersburg.
PA 394 just west of PA 94, Hampton
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Gettysburg Campaign
On July 4, 1863, the Confederate Army began an orderly retreat by the Fairfield Road to the Potomac. They began crossing the river on the night of July 13, after a delay caused by high water.
Fairfield Rd. (PA 116), near western junction with Breams Hill Rd., W of Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Crossing South Mountain from Chambersburg, Gen. Hill's Corps of Lee's army assembled here on June 29-30, 1863. On July 1, his advance guard moved up from near Marsh Creek and met Union troops west of Gettysburg.
Old Rte. 30 just west of SR 3011, north of Cashtown
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. George G. Meade, who had replaced Hooker as Union commander, June 28, 1863, traveled this road from Taneytown to Gettysburg the night of July 1. He made his headquarters just south of Gettysburg.
Taneytown Rd. (PA 134), .7 mile north of state line
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. Early's Confederate troops, marching from York to join Lee's army, camped, June 30, three miles to the east. Arriving here next morning, they turned south toward Gettysburg, on orders of General Ewell.
SR 3001 (old US 15) just south of Rt. 234, Heidlersburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
The Union Army 12th Corps arrived here the afternoon of July 1, 1863; and later moved into battle line on Culp's Hill. On July 2, the 6th Corps arrived by this same road, and the 5th Corps by the Hanover Road.
Baltimore Pike (US 97), ~2 miles SE of Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
The Union Army 11th Corps, crossing from the Emmitsburg Road, July 1, 1863, turned north here toward Gettysburg. The Union 2nd Corps camped here on the same night.
PA 134 at SR 1002 (Taneytown & Greenmount Rds.), N of Barlow, at Barlow Fire Co.
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. Rodes' Confederate troops, returning from Carlisle to join Lee's army, camped here the night of June 30. The next morning, July 1, they marched west toward Biglerville, then known as Middletown.
SR 3001 (old Rt. 15), just north of Heidlersburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. Rodes' Confederate troops marched down this road July 1, 1863, on their way from Carlisle. At this point they turned right along the ridge to Oak Hill, to attack the Union flank.
Herrs Ridge & Biglerville (PA 34) Rds., 3 miles N of Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Part of Gen. Early's Confederate army, under Gen. J.B. Gordon, passed here June 27, 1863, to York. Early's main force followed a parallel route through Hampton and East Berlin. Both entered York the following day.
US 30 just E of PA 94 junction, at Cross Keys, E of New Oxford
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Gettysburg Campaign
The Battle of Gettysburg began here the morning of July 1, 1863, when Union cavalry scouts under Gen. Buford met Gen. Hill's army advancing from the west. Arrival of Gen. Ewell's army that afternoon drove Union troops to south of the town.
US 30 at W approach to Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
A major cavalry engagement took place July 3, 1863, about one mile southeast of here. A succession of mounted charges by Gen. David McM. Gregg's Union force prevented Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry from reaching the Union rear and drove the Confederates from the field.
Rt. 30 & Calvary Field Rd., east of Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Part of Gen. Early's Confederate army, under Gen. J.B. Gordon, passed here June 27, 1863, to York. Early's main force followed a parallel route through Hampton and East Berlin. Both entered York the following day.
US 30 just W of PA 94 junction, at Cross Keys, E of New Oxford
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Gettysburg Campaign
The Union Army 1st Corps camped here June 30, 1863, on the way to Gettysburg. Followed later by the 11th and 3rd Corps, they marched next morning to relieve Buford's cavalry, already in action west of the town.
Old US 15 near Marsh Creek, S of Greenmount
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Gettysburg Campaign
Near Hunterstown on July 2, 1863, Union cavalry led by Gen. Judson Kilpatrick attacked a Confederate cavalry brigade under Gen. Wade Hampton. Union troops commanded by George A. Custer and Elon J. Farnsworth engaged Hampton's brigade a quarter mile southwest of here near the Hunterstown Rd. Neither side was the clear victor in this four-hour engagement.
1731 Hunterstown Rd., Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Entrenchments still visible by the roadsides were prepared in June, 1863, by militia under Col. J.C. Higgins against threatened Confederate attack toward the railroad at Altoona. The march of troops toward Gettysburg on June 30 - July 1 ended the danger and the need for these defenses.
Church View Rd., SR 1005 (former PA 36 & LR 286) at State Game Lands, 5 miles S of Loysburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
On June 28, 1863, General Richard Ewell received orders from Robert E. Lee to move Ewell's southern troops out of Carlisle and on to Gettysburg. By June 29th two divisions of Ewell's troops marched over this road through Mt. Holly Springs, York Springs, and Heidlersburg towards Gettysburg.
PA 34, .3 mile S of Carlisle near I-81
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Gettysburg Campaign
Farthest advance of a body of Confederate troops toward Harrisburg. Southern units under General A.G. Jenkins of Ewell's Corps reached Oyster Point on June 28, 1863. On the next day defending militia faced them here in a skirmish in which both sides suffered casualties.
3025 Market St., Camp Hill
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Gettysburg Campaign
This campaign's northernmost engagement, known as the Battle of Sporting Hill, occurred just north and west of here, June 30, 1863. The 22nd & 37th New York Militia Regiments, along with Landis's Philadelphia Battery, fought in defense of Harrisburg against the 16th & 36th Virginia Cavalry units. Afterward the Confederates withdrew to Carlisle, leaving some 16 dead. Reported wounded were 11 Union soldiers; 20-30 Confederates.
5002 Carlisle Pike, Hampden Township (@ Gilligan's)
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Southern cavalry arrived July 1, 1863, by Dover and Dillsburg. Finding Ewell had left the day before, Stuart burned the U.S. Barracks and left for Gettysburg, where the battle had begun.
PA 74 just E of Carlisle near I-81
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Gettysburg Campaign
June 27, 1863, Gen. Ewell's Confederate army, marching over this road toward Harrisburg, reached Carlisle; Jenkins' cavalry went on to reconnoiter. On June 29, Lee ordered Ewell to join the main army at Cashtown.
Walnut Bottom Rd. (SR 3023), .5 mile SW of Carlisle near I-81
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Gettysburg Campaign
Confederate General Albert G. Jenkins and his staff occupied this house, June 28-30, 1863. His brigade, a part of General Ewell's Corps, had entered Mechanicsburg to reconnoiter the approaches to Harrisburg with a view toward a June 30 attack. The troops withdrew from here on the 30th, however, having been ordered to Gettysburg in advance of the battle there. This house, owned at that time by John Rupp, was built in 1787 by his grandfather, Jonas Rupp.
5115 East Trindle Road, Mechanicsburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
On June 26, 1863, Gen. R. S. Ewell, with orders to take Harrisburg, marched his army by this road toward Carlisle, which he reached next day. On June 29, he was ordered to rejoin Lee's army at Cashtown.
Philadelphia Ave. (US 11) near Chancellor Dr./Siloam Rd., 1.5 mi. N of Chambersburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
General Albert G. Jenkins' brigade of Southern cavalry entered Chambersburg on June 15, 1863, in advance of the main invasion force, and later led the invading army, June 22-24. General Robert E. Lee entered Chambersburg on June 26.
S Main St. (US 11) at intersection with Loop/Kriner Rds., at creamery, just S of Chambersburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Over this route Confederate General R.S. Ewell's 2d Army Corps led Lee's invading forces on June 22, 1863. Next day Gen. Jubal Early, under Ewell's command, entered the state to the east, near Waynesboro.
Molly Pitcher Hwy. (US 11) at Hykes Rd., ~1 mile N of State Line
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. Jubal Early's Confederate troops occupied Waynesboro June 23, 1863. Next day they marched by Mont Alto to Greenwood, or Black Gap, where, June 25, they were ordered by Gen. Ewell to march to York.
E Main St. (PA 16) at Roadside Ave., E of square in Waynesboro
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Gettysburg Campaign
Here on June 22, 1863, the First N.Y. Cavalry attacked the Southern advance force of cavalry under Gen. A.G. Jenkins. Here died the first Union soldier killed in action in Pennsylvania. Corporal William H. Rihl of Philadelphia, serving in a Pennsylvania unit assigned to the New York regiment.
N Antrim Way (US 11), just S of Craig Rd., N of Greencastle
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Gettysburg Campaign
Gen. Robert E. Lee reached Chambersburg June 26, 1863. Hearing June 28 that Union troops under Gen. Joseph Hooker had crossed the Potomac to Frederick, he decided to unite his forces at Cashtown; and left the city by this road.
US 30E across from Willowbrook Dr., just E of Chambersburg, ~.5 mi past I81 (at veterinary clinic)
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Gettysburg Campaign
Three times occupied by Southern invaders, chiefly cavalry: June 19, 1863, by Gen. A.G. Jenkins; June 24-26, by Gen. G.H. Steuart; and June 29, after a brief clash with Union troops, by Gen. J.D. Imboden.
Near intersection of Lincoln Way East and Horton St., at E end of McConnellsburg
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Gettysburg Campaign
Men of Gen. Early's Confederate army, detached by Gen. Gordon to destroy a bridge at Hanover Junction, passed through Hanover by this route, June 27, 1863. This work done, the detachment rejoined Gen. Gordon west of York.
York St. (PA 116), just NE of Littleton Dr. at E end of Hanover (at Snyder's of Hanover)
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Gettysburg Campaign
On June 30, 1863, General J. Kilpatrick's Union Cavalry, hunting Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry, were attacked here by Stuart. Repulsed, Stuart tried to join Early; finding him gone, he marched to Carlisle, failing to reach Gettysburg until July 2.
508 Frederick St. (PA 194), SW end of Hanover
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Gettysburg Campaign
On June 28, 1863, part of General Jubal Early's Confederate Division neared York by this route. Here Early sent Colonel French to York Haven to burn bridges. Ordered to rejoin Lee's army, most of Early's men returned over this road June 30.
PA 74 (Carlisle Rd.) & Davidsburg Rd., Weiglestown, S of Dover
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Gettysburg Campaign
Confederate troops, sent from York by Gen. Early to cross the river and march on Harrisburg, reached here June 28, 1863. U.S. militia withdrew, firing the bridge and barring any Southern advance beyond the river.
PA 462 (old US 30) at Susquehanna River Bridge, Wrightsville
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Gettysburg Campaign
June 28, 1863, Confederate Gen. Gordon's brigade of Early's division followed this route through York to Wrightsville. Early's main force remained here until June 30, when it left to rejoin Lee's army.
PA 462 (old US 30), John & W Market Sts., W of York
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Gettysburg Campaign
During the invasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederate Army, raiding parties crossed into Fulton County to steal horses, live-stock, and supplies. On June 29, 1863, Union troops of the 1st New York Cavalry attacked the enemy soldiers, killing two, injuring several, and taking 32 prisoners, including the captain. These were the first Confederate soldiers killed in battle on Pennsylvania soil, and they were buried here by local residents.
Buchanan Trail (PA 16) near Horton Dr., just SE of McConnellsburg 39.923911, -77.983566
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Gettysburg Campaign - Raid on Jefferson
In June and July of 1863, about 7500 Confederate and Union soldiers passed through Jefferson, taking horses, livestock, supplies, and food from local residents. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's rebel troops occupied the town on June 30. Plundered by both North and South, like many nearby towns, the citizens of Jefferson keenly felt the effects of the Civil War off the battlefield but on the armies' line of march. Within days troops converged on Gettysburg.
Town Sq. @ York St. (SR 3041) & Baltimore St. (Rt. 516), Jefferson
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Giannini Family
Acclaimed operatic family. Father, tenor Ferruccio (1868-1948), sung on first disc, 1896. Daughter Dusolina (1900-86) was a Metro- politan Opera soprano. Son Vittorio (1903-66) was a composer & taught at Curtis Institute and Juilliard. Resided here.
735 Christian St., Philadelphia
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Gifford Pinchot
The noted forester, conservationist and Governor of Pennsylvania two terms in 1923-27; 1931-35, had his ancestral home at Gray Towers, Milford. Born in Connecticut, 1865 of a long line of pioneers of this region. Died on October 4, 1946.
US6 at Schocopee Rd. (SR 2015), NW of Milford
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Gifford Pinchot
The noted forester, conservationist and Governor of Pennsylvania two terms in 1923-27; 1931-35, had his ancestral home at Gray Towers, Milford. He is buried in this cemetery. Born in Connecticut, 1865 of a long line of pioneers of this region. Died on October 4, 1946.
Federal Rd. (US 209) at Milford Cemetery entrance, just S of Milford
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Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946)
Noted forester, conservationist and progressive leader. Chief, 1898-1910, U.S. Forest Service (as renamed in 1905 ). Governor of Pennsylvania, two terms, 1923-1927 & 1931-1935. His first term brought major governmental reorganization. His second term was famed for the paving of rural roads throughout the state-- including this road -- to provide unemployment relief & "get the farmer out of the mud." Grey Towers was his family home.
Old Owega Turnpike, just NW of US 6, across from Grey Towers site, near Pine Acres Dr., NW of Milford
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Giovanni's Room
Founded in 1973, the bookstore served as a refuge and cultural center at the onset of the modern lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) civil-rights movement. The store provided resources to those working to gain legal rights for LGBT people.
NE corner, S 12th & Pine Sts., Philadelphia
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Girard College Civil Rights Landmark
In 1930s, lawyer Raymond Pace Alexander challenged the school's restriction (mandated by Stephen Girard's 1831 will) to poor white orphans. Attorney Cecil B. Moore later went to the federal courts; by a 1968 ruling the school was opened to all races.
NE corner, Corinthian and Girard Aves., Philadelphia
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Girl Scout Cookies
On November 11, 1932, Girl Scouts baked & sold cookies for the first time in the windows of the Philadelphia Gas & Electric Co. here. This endeavor soon became a Philadelphia tradition. In 1936 the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. adopted the annual cookie sale as a national program.
1401 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Gist's Plantation
Christopher Gist, the Ohio Company surveyor who went to Fort LeBoeuf with Washington, settled here in 1753. In 1754, Washington halted his campaign here and retreated to Fort Necessity. Pursuing French destroyed the plantation.
University Dr. (US 119) near Cellurale Dr., 4.5 miles SW of Connellsville
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Glen Mills
An early American industrial village. John Taylor built Sarum Forge here ca. 1739. He erected Pennsylvania's first iron-slitting mill, 1746, and 90 years later this was acquired by the Willcox family for its Glen Mills paper operations. Here, paper was made for U.S. currency, 1868-78; produced so as to foil counterfeiting, it was internationally known. By 1882, when the R.R. station here was built, this was a busy commercial area.
At Sweetwater Rd. & Creek Rd., by creek/bridge, Glen Mills
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Globe Inn
Stood on this site. It was opened in 1798 by David Morris. Among the noted guests during the National Road era were five presidents of the U.S. Lafayette was entertained here on May 25, 1825.
155 S. Main St., Washington
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Globe Inn
Many distinguished persons stayed at old inn located on this site. Here, in 1825, Lafayette was given a reception. His toast "To the Town of York" is memorable.
SW section of Square, York
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Glomar Explorer
In a covert CIA plan named the Jennifer Project, this ship was built at Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Chester, in the early 1970s and played a key role in US Cold War espionage. Its mission was to obtain intelligence by recovering a sunken Soviet submarine, three miles deep in the Pacific Ocean. Portions of the sub were raised by the ship's huge claw in the summer of 1974; six Soviet submariners were recovered and given a burial at sea.
At Independence Seaport Mus., 211 S Columbus Blvd. & Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Gloria Casarez (1971-2014)
Latina lesbian civil rights leader Casarez started her career as an activist fighting for economic justice, welfare rights, and affordable housing. She led the Gay and Lesbian Latino AIDS Education Initiative, developing nationally recognized programs serving men of color and transgender people. She was appointed Philadelphia’s first director of LGBT Affairs. Under her leadership, the city adopted the broadest protections in the nation for LGBT people.


North Side of City Hall in front of the flag poles to represent the LBGT office where she was the first director.
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Gloria Dei Church (Old Swedes')
Oldest church in Philadelphia. Founded, 1677, by Swedish settlers. This edifice of Swedish architectural design was erected, 1698-1703. The earlier place of worship was a blockhouse.
916 Swanson St. at N facade of bldg., near Christian St. & Christopher Columbus Blvd.
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Gnadenhuetten
The Moravian mission of this name was built in 1746 to accommodate the growing number of Mohican and Delaware Indian converts. It was the first white settlement in present-day Carbon County. It was burned on November 24, 1755, during a raid by Indians stirred to violence by the French. Victims of the attack are buried in the Lehighton Cemetery near here.
E Penn St., just south of Bridge St., Lehighton
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Golden Plough Tavern
A rare example of early Germanic, half-timber architecture, the building was originally constructed by Martin Eichelberger during the earliest days of Yorktown settlement, (c. 1741). It served as a tavern during colonial times and long thereafter.
462 (W Market St.), just E of Pershing Ave., York
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Goschgoschink
Name applied at the time of Zeisberger's arrival in 1767 to all three of the refugee Indian towns. Later the name was given to "Upper Town," located across the river at this point.
US 62 near Main St. (Rt. 127), .9 mile S of East Hickory and directly across the Allegheny R from W Hickory
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Goshenhoppen
Re-named Bally for Father Augustin Bally. The third Roman Catholic mission and first Catholic school in the State were established here in 1743 by Father Theodore Schneider.
Main St. (PA 100), at 7th St., Bally (next to bank)
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Governor Printz Park
Site of the first permanent settlement in present Pennsylvania in 1643, and of the Swedish Capitol, the Printzhof. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At corner of entrance to site, 2nd St. & Taylor Ave., Essington
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Governor's Residence
Opposite is the present home of the Governor of Pennsylvania. Designed in the Georgian Revival style, it was completed in 1968 and is the third official executive residence in Harrisburg. "Keystone Hall," an earlier Governor's residence, located further south on Front Street, was razed in 1960 after 96 years of use.
Front St. (Riverfront Park) near Maclay St., Harrisburg
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Governor's Residence
This is the present home of the Governor of Pennsylvania. It was completed in 1968 and is the third official executive mansion located in Harrisburg.
Second St. near Maclay St., Harrisburg
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Grace Methodist Church
After the state capitol was destroyed by fire on February 2, 1897, this church building became the temporary quarters of the state legislature while the new capitol was being constructed.
State St. between 2nd & 3rd Sts., Harrisburg
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Graceanna Lewis (1821-1912)
An early female scientist considered one of the best educated female naturalists of her day, Lewis dedicated her life to the study of botany and zoology. She exhibited her Chart of the Animal Kingdom at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and won awards for her natural science drawings at the Columbian and Louisiana Purchase Expositions. A Quaker abolitionist, she was active in Underground Railroad activities at her family's farm nearby.
2123 Kimberton Rd., Phoenixville (E Pikeland Twp.)
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Graeme Park
Estate of Pennsylvania's Lt. Governor, Sir William Keith, during 1718-1737. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At site, SR 2038 (County Line Road), 1 mile NW of PA 611, Hatboro (Missing)
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Gravity Railroad
Here began one of the first railroads in the Western Hemisphere, built 1828-1829. The line had its eastern terminus at Honesdale; its southwestern terminus was later extended to Archbald & ultimately to Valley Junction near Olyphant. Built by the Delaware & Hudson to move coal to the D & H Canal, this line eventually provided passenger service and operated until the beginning of 1899.
97 N Main St. (Rt. 6), at entrance to Gravity Park, Carbondale
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Great Crossings
Since Indian days this was a major Youghiogeny River crossing place. In 1754 Washington's Virginians camped here. Braddock's army marched through here. The National Road bridged the river at this point in 1818.
National Pike (US 40) just west of Youghiogheny River, W of Addison.
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Great Minqua Path
This was the chief trail used by the Minqua (Susquehannock) Indians to carry great wealth in beaver skins to the white settlements on the Delaware during the mid-seventeenth century. The Swedes, Dutch and English warred for the control of this trade.
W side of River Rd. between Blue Rock Rd. & Anchor Rd., S of Washington Boro
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Great Minquas Path
An important Indian trail, key to Pennsylvania's fur trade in the 17th century, crossed the present highway near here. It linked trading posts on the lower Schuylkill with Indian towns to the west. The Dutch, Swedes, and English fought one another for control of path.
S High St. (Bus. US 322) at Church Ave., SE of West Chester
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Great Minquas Path
An Indian path, which was later the original Conestoga Road, passed through Gap half a mile south of here. Over it, in the 17th century, Minquas (Conestoga) Indians carried quantities of beaver skins from the Susquehanna Valley to trading posts near Philadelphia.
US 30 just N of Rt. 41, Gap
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Great Shamokin Path
The Indian highway from Shamokin, now Sunbury, to Kittanning, left the Bald Eagle Valley to follow Marsh Creek and Little Marsh Creek. It crossed the Allegheny Mt. by way of Snow Shoe and Moshannon.
N Eagle Valley Rd. (PA 150) just SW of Marsh Creek/Sawyer's Dam Rd., ~4 miles NE of Howard
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Great Shamokin Path
By the Indian path along Bald Eagle Creek, in 1772, Bishop Ettwein, Moravian, brought some 200 Christian Mohicans and Delawares from Friedenshuetten, near Wyalusing, to Friedensstadt on the Beaver.
Eagle Valley Rd. (PA 150/old US 220) near Beech Creek Ave., Mill Hall Boro
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Great Shamokin Path
This major Indian path, connecting the Susquehanna and Allegheny rivers, paralleled the present highway at this point. Long used by Native Americans as a thoroughfare for hunting and trade, it was traveled by Delaware and Shawnee warriors during the French and Indian War. Bishop John Ettwein and 200 Indians with their cows used this portion of the route on their way west to Friedensstadt, July 1772.
US 119, 4 miles NE of Punxsutawney
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Great Shamokin Path
Once the main Indian highway from Shamokin, now Sunbury, to the Ohio country. The Delawares traveled it when ousted from eastern Pennsylvania. After defeat of Braddock, their warriors returned this way to attack the settlements.
Susquehanna Trail (SR 1007), just S of Schmidt Rd., between McEwensville and Muncy
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Great Trail (The) - Minquas or Susquehanna Indians (PLAQUE)
Susquehanna to the Schuylkill. Crossed Ridley Creek at Long Point 434 yards to the south. Thousands of beaver skins yearly were carried down to the first Dutch and Swedish settlers on the Delaware.
Rose Valley Rd. (SR 3019), west side, between Price's & Traymore Lns., S of Moylan
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Great Valley Mill
Colonial grist mill built in 1710 by Thomas Jerman. One of the earliest mills in present Chester County; thought to be the oldest one in this country in continuous operation.
US 202, 1.5 miles NE of Paoli (Missing)
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Green Tree Inn
In 1753, Benjamin Franklin stayed at inn on this site while he, Richard Peters, and Isaac Norris treated with Indians. Hamilton and Knox, members of Washington's cabinet, lodged here in 1794.
S. Hanover St. between Pomfret & High Sts., Carlisle
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Green-Bank
Name given to house built on this site in 1721 by David Lloyd. At one time, it was the home of Admiral Porter and Commodore Porter with whom Admiral Farragut often visited. Razed in Feb., 1882 by "Jackson Explosion."
E 2nd St. under walkway bridge, Chester
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Greenbelt Knoll
The first racially integrated housing development in Philadelphia, and a model for the nation, was built in 1956 by Morris Milgram, a nationally recognized developer and civil rights proponent. Prominent building and landscape architects, including Robert Bishop, Margaret Duncan, and Louis Kahn, created Modernist houses in the natural setting of Pennypack Park. Original residents include Milgram, Rep. Robert N.C. Nix, & Rev. Leon Sullivan.
SW corner, Holme Ave. & Longford St., Philadelphia
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Greene Academy
Established in 1810 by Act of Legislature. Was aided by State grant of $2000 and public subscriptions. Until 1860, a leading academy west of the mts. Old building, no longer used for a school, is northeast of here, on Market St.
Vine St. (PA 88) at W Greene St., Carmichaels
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Greene County
Formed February 9, 1796 from Washington County. Named for Gen. Nathanael Greene. Waynesburg, the county seat named for Gen. Anthony Wayne, was incorporated in 1816. Site of Waynesburg College, founded 1849. Near Ten Mile is birthplace of Gov. Edward Martin.
County Courthouse, High & Washington Sts., Waynesburg
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Greenlee Field
Located here from 1932 to 1938, this was the first African American owned stadium in the Negro Leagues. Home of Gus Greenlee's Pittsburgh Crawfords baseball team, 1935 Negro League champs. Players included Hall of Famers Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, and Cool Papa Bell.
Bedford Ave. & Junilla St., Hill Dist., Pittsburgh
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Greenwood Furnace
Built about 1837 to supply iron to Freedom Forge near Lewistown. Restored stack, the Church, Big House, and store common to iron making communities remain. Works closed 1904, the last to operate in this region.
Pa. 305 at Greenwood Furnace State Park
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Groundhog Day
As early as 1886, German immigrants here observed Groundhog Day and established the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club in 1899. According to folklore, if the hibernating groundhog - known as Punxsutawney Phil - leaves its burrow on February 2 and sees its shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter. The legend is based on a European custom predicting the length of winter by weather conditions on Candlemas, an ancient Christian festival.
At Gobbler's Knob, Woodland Ave., 1.2 miles from Route 36, Punxsutawney
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Grubb's First Forge
Peter Grubb (c.1700-54) carried on his initial efforts at iron-making in 1735 just slightly to the north. He used the Catalan-type forge which had originated in Spain sometime during the tenth century.
Boyd St. & Gold Rd., Miners' Village, Cornwall
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Gulph Mills Encampment
The Continental army marched from Whitemarsh to Gulph Mills by way of Swedes ford, and encamped on nearby hills, Dec. 13-19, 1777. From here, the army moved to Valley Forge.
S Gulph Rd. (PA 320) near intersection SR 3030 at Gulph Mills (Missing)
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Gulph Mills Village
This house, built about 1780, was the old Bird-in-Hand General Store. Originally this area was named "Bird-in-Hand" for sign of a tavern that stood nearby. A building just SW of here was a forge. Like the store it later was converted into a residence.
S Gulph Rd. (PA 320), just N of Upper Gulph Rd., Gulph Mills
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Hakim's Bookstore and Gift Shop
Founded in the 1950s by Dawud Hakim, it was the first Black-owned book-store in Phila. special-izing in Black history and titles by Black authors. A civil rights and Black activism gathering space in the 1960s, it was surveilled by the FBI along with other Black bookstores.
In front of Hakim's Bookstore and Gift Shop at 210 S 52nd St
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Hall & Sellers Press
First printing press west of Susquehanna River was set up on this site. Here, government publications and continental currency were printed while Congress met in York, Sept. 1777 to June 1778.
SW corner, Market & Beaver Sts., York
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Hand's Hospital
On this site was located the isolation hospital erected in 1777 by Gen. Edward Hand to care for troops at Fort Pitt. Blockhouses protected the original two-story log structure.
PA 60 (Steuben St.) at Linden St., across from Crafton Park, Crafton
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Handsome Lake
Home of Handsome Lake, the Seneca prophet, was located across the river. It was there that he received supernatural sanction in 1799 to establish the religious cult bearing his name.
PA 59 at Cornplanter (Missing)
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Hannah Callowhill Penn
Born in 1671, she married William Penn, 1696. They lived at Pennsbury, and in the Slate Roof House here, 1699-1701. During his final illness, 1712-18, and until her death, 1726, she was Pennsylvania's acting proprietor. She was the only woman to control a British proprietary colony for so long.
S 2nd St. & Sansom St. Walkway (Welcome Park), Philadelphia
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Hannah Penn - PLAQUE
Hannah Penn, 1670-1726, second wife of William Penn presided ably here in the slate roof house 1699-1701. Capable administrator of Pennsylvania affairs 1712-1726. Devoted mother whose sons John, Thomas and Richard Penn succeeded their father as proprietors and governors of the province of Pennsylvania.
135 S. 2nd St. (SE corner of 2nd & Sansom), Philadelphia
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Hannastown
Site of former county seat of Westmoreland County is just east of here. First county seat west of mountains, 1773. Citizens adopted a Declaration in support of the Revolution, 1775. Burned by the Indians in 1782.
New Alexandria Rd. (US 119) & Forbes Trail Rd. (SR 1032) N of Greensburg
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Hanover Church
About two miles north is the site of this pioneer Presbyterian church founded in 1736. First pastor was Richard Sankey. In the graveyard are buried many first settlers and veterans of frontier wars and the American Revolution.
U.S. 22 at Pa. 743, 13.4 miles NE of Harrisburg
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Hanover Junction
Here, Nov. 18, 1863, a special train carrying Abraham Lincoln and party to Gettysburg for dedication of National Cemetery changed railroads. Earlier in that year, wounded soldiers were transported from Gettysburg battlefield to this Junction, thence to distant hospitals. It was a chief point on the Military Telegraph line, 1863.
Seven Valleys Rd. (PA 616), 4 miles S of New Salem at Hanover Junction (off rd. at train station/museum)
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Hanover Resolves
The earliest resolves for independence in the State. Drawn June 4, 1774, by Col. Timothy Green and eight Hanover Township patriots. They committed their cause to "Heaven and our Rifles."
US 22, at 10105 Allentown Blvd., 14 miles NE of Harrisburg
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Harmon Husband
Leader of North Carolina revolt against the British, he fled under an assumed name in 1771. Somerset's first settler; lived at Coffee Springs farm some years. Became a pamphleteer and active in the Whiskey Rebellion. Died in 1795.
555 E Main St. (PA 31), Somerset
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Harmonist Cemetery
Burial place of Harmonist Society, 1805-15. Graves were not marked. The stone wall was built in 1869, after the Harmonists had returned from Indiana and settled at "Old Economy," in Beaver County.
Evans City Rd. (PA 68) near Edmond St., Harmony
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Harmony
First home of Harmony Society, founded 1804, by George Rapp and German followers. In 1814 moved to New Harmony, Indiana, and settled at Economy in present Ambridge, Beaver County, in 1825.
Main St. at Mercer St., Harmony
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Harmony Mennonites
Church organized 1816 by Abraham Ziegler, purchaser of the Harmonist property. The Rev. John Boyer was the first pastor. Present stone church built 1825.
Wise Rd. (T312) off US 19, N of Zelienople
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Harmony Society Cemetery
On this site are buried 594 members and workers of the Harmony Society, the people of Old Economy.
Church St. at cemetery, Ambridge
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Harmony Society Church
Constructed, 1828-1831, with bricks made by the Society members, this is the second building erected for worship. It is believed designed by Frederick Rapp. The spiritual life of the Society centered here.
Church St. near Creese St., Ambridge
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Harold "Red" Grange
Legendary football player, nicknamed " The Galloping Ghost," born in Forksville. Member, College Football Hall of Fame . Career began at Wheaton (Ill.) High School; scored 75 touchdowns. Played 1923-25 for the University of Illinois; an All - American each year. Professional player, 1925-34, mainly with the Chicago Bears. Lived in Forksville to age five; his family had farmed & worked in lumber camps nearby.
Rte. 154 off of Rte 87, Forksville
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Harold F. Pitcairn
The noted aeronautical pioneer established his first flying field on this site in 1924. The 1930 Collier Trophy, an award for accomplishments in aviation, was presented to Pitcairn and his associates for developing the American autogiro, first introduced here.
Buck & Paper Mill Rds., Bryn Athyn
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Harold L. Ickes (1874-1952)
FDR's Sec. of Interior 1933-46. Builder of public works, ardent conservationist, fierce fighter for human rights, advocate of government as an agent for the public good. This is the site of his boyhood home.
Altoona Area High School, 1415 Sixth Ave., Altoona
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Harriet A. Baker
This African-American evangelist opened a mission about 1900 at 738 North Penn Street, where she preached until her death. In 1914 her mission became the first home of St. James A.M.E. Zion Church, which was built at this location in 1936.
at church, 410 Union St., Allentown
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Harris' Ferry
The landing of the historic ferry first licensed in 1733 to John Harris, Sr., was on the river bank here. For over half a century it was a leading crossing for pioneers going West. Nearby is Harris' grave.
Riverfront Park (opposite Harris/Cameron Mansion), S. Front St., Harrisburg (Missing)
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Harris' Ferry - PLAQUE
On the river bank, a short distance west of this stone, was the landing place of HARRIS' FERRY the most historic crossing place on the Susquehanna. A great part of the early migration into western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley passed this way. The ferry-right was first granted to John Harris, father of the founder of Harrisburg, in December, 1733. For over half a century the site of Harrisburg was known as Harris' Ferry.
opposite 219 S Front St. (John Harris Mansion), in Riverfront Park, Harrisburg
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania's capital since 1812. As Harris' Ferry, was settled a century before by John Harris Sr. Laid out as a town in 1785 by John Harris Jr. For over 200 years a center of travel, trade, and historic events.
Front St., at Market St., Wormleysburg
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania's capital since 1812. As Harris' Ferry, was settled a century before by John Harris Sr. Laid out as a town in 1785 by John Harris Jr. For over 200 years a center of travel, trade, and historic events.
Cameron St (US 230) S of Harrisburg at Steelton line
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania's capital since 1812. As Harris' Ferry, was settled a century before by John Harris Sr. Laid out as a town in 1785 by John Harris Jr. For over 200 years a center of travel, trade, and historic events.
State St. (US 22), E end of Harrisburg at city line, opposite entrance to Reservoir Park
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania's capital since 1812. As Harris' Ferry, was settled a century before by John Harris Sr. Laid out as a town in 1785 by John Harris Jr. For over 200 years a center of travel, trade, and historic events.
Paxton St. at 29th St., Harrisburg
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania's capital since 1812. Settled a century before by John Harris, Sr. Known as Harris' Ferry until laid out by John Harris, Jr. as a town in 1785. For over 200 years a center of travel, trade, and historic events.
Front St. at Vaughn, Harrisburg
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Harrisburg Cemetery
This 35-acre cemetery, chartered by the Commonwealth and opened in 1845, is the oldest and largest in the capital city. It is noted for its ornate statuary, original caretaker's house designed by A.J. Downing, and late Victorian landscape architecture. More than 30,000 persons are interred here, including Revolutionary War dead, Pennsylvania Governors, and others of local, State, and national renown.
NE corner, 13th & State Sts., Harrisburg
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Harrisburg Giants
Harrisburg-based Negro League baseball team founded around 1900 and operated by Colonel William Strothers until his death in 1933. One of 27 major Negro League teams across the nation, the Giants finished in second place in the Eastern Colored League in 1925. Among well-known players were Hall-of-Famer Oscar Charleston, Spottswood Poles, Ben Taylor, John Beckwith, Fats Jenkins & Rap Dixon. They played here at Island Park through 1957.
Roadway between Walnut St. Bridge and Commerce Bank Park, City Island, Harrisburg
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Harrisburg State Hospital
The first State mental hospital in Pennsylvania. Opened in 1851, a result of efforts by the noted humanitarian, Dorothea Lynde Dix, to improve this State's treatment of the mentally ill. The hospital is on the wooded hills east of this marker, overlooking the city.
N. Cameron St. (U.S. 22/230) at hospital entrance, Harrisburg
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Harriton
Built 1704 by Rowland Ellis; named by Richard Harrison, next owner. His son-in-law, Charles Thomson, Secretary of Continental Congress, lived here 1774 until his death in 1824.
500 Harriton Rd., near entrance to Harriton House, Lower Merion
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Harry Kellar (1849-1922)
Known as the "Dean of American Magicians," he was mentor and friend to Harry Houdini. Considered the first American magician to become an international star, he performed extensively on five continents, impressing audiences with his elegant theatrical illusions for more than 40 years. He popularized the Vanishing Birdcage effect and perfected the levitation illusion. Born in Erie, he returned to perform many times. His boyhood home stood nearby.
Griswold Park, S side of W 13th St., betw. Peach & Sassafras Sts., Erie
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Harry T. Burleigh
Eminent African American baritone, composer, editor, and pioneer arranger. Protégé of Dvorák, he set to music poems by Dunbar, Hughes, Whitman, and others. Burleigh arranged “Deep River” and many other spirituals, which he championed as “America’s only original and distinctive style of music.” Through his successful career and work to advance social justice, he shaped the character of American music and culture. He was born on East 3rd St.
E. 6th St. just E of French St., Erie
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Hart's Log
The Frankstown Path, highway of early travelers in this region, passed through the settlement of Hart's Log--later called Hartslog, now Alexandria. The place was first named after a hollow log at this site, which the trader John Hart used between 1744 and 1755 as a feeding trough for his pack of horses.
Wm. Penn Hwy. (US22) at PA 305 junction, just S of Alexandria
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Harvey Pollack (1922-2015)
Innovator of basketball statistics and player evaluation. NBA statistician from 1946 to 2014 with the Philadelphia Warriors and 76ers. Known as "Super Stat," he revolutionized analysis by creating categories such as rebounds, assists, and turnovers. A Temple graduate, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2002. His annual NBA statistical guide was in demand worldwide.
Grounds of Wells Fargo Center, near Xfinity, off Zinkoff Blvd., Philadelphia
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Harveys Lake
One of Pennsylvania's major recreational lakes. Benjamin Harvey encountered it in 1781. By the early 1900s it was a famous resort, reached by train and trolley. Its largest hotel, the Oneonta, was built in 1898 and burned in 1919. An amusement park operated 1891-1984, and public beaches were at Sunset and Sandy Beach. Between 1893 and 1932, many thousands of visitors rode Lake Transit Co. steamboats to various points here.
At Harveys Lake Borough Bldg./Police Dept., Rt. 415, 1/4 mile S of Harvey's Lake
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Hastings UMWA - District 2 Labor Chautauquas
From 1924 to 1926 the United Mine Workers of America held innovative workers' education programs in bituminous coal towns throughout western Pa. Hastings recorded the largest attendance in 1925. With the leadership of district President John Brophy, the Chautauquas featured nationally prominent speakers and educators as well as local entertainers. They received national press attention and recognition from progressive activists.
Brubaker Lane walking trail, Hastings (near Boro. Bldg. - 207 5th Ave., across foot bridge)
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Haverford Meeting House
A center for Friends' activities since 1684. The meeting house, later enlarged, and remodeled in 1800, stands a short distance up this road.
US 30 bypass near Haverford (Missing)
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Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
Founded in 1934 by Rosalie Edge, it is the world's first refuge for birds of prey. It had been a popular shooting site because of its location on a major hawk migration corridor and a 1929 bounty placed on northern goshawks. Through the work of its founder and early supporters, such as Richard Pough, it became a raptor conservation research, education, and training facility and a hawk-watching destination for bird and nature lovers globally.
Hawk Mtn. Rd., at path to north lookout
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Haym Salomon (1740-1785)
Financier of the Revolution. Came to America ca. 1772. Imprisoned by British, 1776 and 1778. Lived in Philadelphia, 1778-85; active in its Jewish community. A broker, he lent money heavily to support the war. Never repaid, he himself died in debt.
45 N 5th St., Philadelphia
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Heckewelder House
One-half block south, stands the home of John Heckewelder, famed Indian missionary and interpreter, author of works on American Indians. House was erected in 1810.
67 W. Market St., at Heckewelder Pl., Bethlehem
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Heidelberg Raceway and Sports Arena
Opened in 1948, this former Pittsburgh Racing Assoc. racetrack was the site of the 1956 final performance of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus under the Big Top. Rising railroad costs, changing technology, labor troubles, space issues, and competition from TV led to this end of an era in entertainment history. The site of early NASCAR races, it boasted several records and brought acclaim to local and national racers before closing in 1973.
2055 Washington Pike, Heidelberg
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Heintzelman House
Birthplace of Maj. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman, September 30, 1805. A veteran of the Mexican War and the Civil War, he died May 1, 1880, at Washington, D. C., and was buried at Buffalo, N. Y.
24 S. Main St. (PA 72), Manheim
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Helen Furnace
Just west of this point can be seen the well-preserved interior of cold blast furnace built in 1845. It was one of numerous iron furnaces operated in Clarion County from about 1829-1867. The County, then, was often referred to as "The Iron County."
Miola Rd. (SR 1005 / old PA 966) at White Oak Dr. (SR 1004), between Clarion and Scotch Hill
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Helen Richey (1909-1947)
In 1934 this McKeesport native became the 1st woman to pilot a commercial airliner. Discriminated against because she was a woman, she resigned within a year and went on to become the 1st woman licensed instructor by the Civil Aeronautics Authority; & in WWII, the commandant of the American wing, British Air Transport Auxiliary; member of the Women's Airforce Service Pilots; & Major by the war's end.
Renzie Park, Eden Park Blvd. & Tulip Dr., McKeesport
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Henry A. Muhlenberg
Pastor of the Trinity Lutheran Church from 1803 to 1829; Member of Congress, 1829-38; first U.S. Minister to Austria; Candidate for governor of Pennsylvania at the time of death in 1844. His home was on this site.
400 Penn St. (at S 4th), Reading
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Henry Chapman Mercer (1856-1930)
Archaeologist, scholar, collector, tile maker. Mercer was born and worked in Doylestown. Between 1908 & 1916, he designed and built three unique concrete structures: Fonthill, his castle-like home; the Moravian Pottery & Tile Works, where he made his distinctive handcrafted products; and the Mercer Museum, site of his vast collection of early Americana. His patented tile mosaics decorate the Pennsylvania State Capitol.
130 E Swamp Rd. (PA 313) in front of Moravian Tile Works, Doylestown
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Henry Clay Frick
The steel and coke magnate was born about one mile from here on Dec. 19, 1849. Birthplace and Historical House, the Overholt home, are now preserved as a historical museum.
Jennifer Dr. (PA 819), just off PA 119, just NE of Scottdale
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Henry Clay Frick (1848-1919)
Pittsburgh industrialist and philanthropist, Frick was instrumental in the organization of the coke and steel industries. His controversial management style while chairman of Carnegie Steel led to the bloody Homestead Strike, 1892.
Grant St. near 5th Ave., in median at Frick Bldg., Pittsburgh
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Henry George
The famous American economist was born here, September 2, 1839. His book "Progress and Poverty" sold in the millions. Tax socially produced land values, he urged, instead of individually produced labor and capital. He died 1897 in New York.
413 S. 10th St., Philadelphia
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Henry J. Heinz (1844-1919)
From a start in 1869 selling bottled horseradish, Heinz built an international firm by 1886. He pioneered innovative advertising, quality control, and benevolent employee policies and transformed modern diets.
16th St. Bridge, North Side, Pittsburgh
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Henry L. Phillips (1847-1935)
Baptized a Catholic, reared a Moravian, and ordained an Episcopal priest, Phillips transformed the Church of the Crucifixion into a Black cultural center, known for its social outreach. He was a founder, American Negro Historical Society.
620 S 8th St., Philadelphia
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Henry M. Hoyt
Was born on this site in 1830. Governor of Pennsylvania, 1879-83; first to serve four years under the State Constitution of 1873. Advocated correctional institutions for care of youthful offenders. Died in 1892.
714 Wyoming Ave. (US 11), Kingston
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Henry Noll
The productivity of this Bethlehem Steel worker, referred to as "Schmidt," was key to Frederick W. Taylor's landmark book, "Principles of Scientific Management." Noll was credited with loading 45 tons of pig iron a day in 1899, to increase his day's pay to $1.85.
E 3rd St., just E of Polk St., Bethlehem
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Henry Norwood "Barney" Ewell (1918-1996)
A graduate of McCaskey High School and Penn State Univ., Ewell was one of the world's leading sprinters and long jumpers in the late 1930s and 40s. Cancellation of the 1940 and 1944 Olympics during WWII prevented Ewell from competing in his prime. He maintained his conditioning and at age 30 matched the world record in the 100-meter dash at the Olympic Trials. He competed in the 1948 Olympics in London and won a gold and two silver medals.
McCaskey High School, 445 N Reservoir St., Lancaster
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Henry O. Tanner (1859-1937)
While living here, Tanner studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. His earlier works portrayed the ordinary lives of African-Americans. After moving to Paris, Tanner painted religious subjects and won international acclaim.
2908 W Diamond St., Philadelphia
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Henry R. Rouse
A former teacher and Warren County legislator who became a successful oil lease owner. One of 19 persons killed when the Little & Merrick oil well at Rouseville exploded and burned on April 17, 1861. As he lay dying, Rouse dictated a will that provided liberally for roads and the poor. Buchanan Farms had been renamed Rouseville that February; three-year-old Ida Tarbell (later famous as an oil industry critic) was a resident.
Main St. (PA 8) between Mechanic St. & Cherry Run Rd. (PA 227), S end of Rouseville
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Henry's Gun Factory
Here rifles and other firearms were made for use in the War of 1812. Built by William Henry, 2nd, about 1800, the famous Henry shotgun was made here as late as 1904. The site is about half a mile away.
Belfast Rd. at Sullivan Trail (SR 1005), Belfast
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Henszey's Wrought Iron Arch Bridge
Early example of a wrought iron bowstring arch truss bridge. Patented in 1869 by Joseph G. Henszey and built that year by the Continental Bridge Co. of Philadelphia, this bridge was part of a proliferation of bridges following the Civil War. In Lehigh County it crossed Trout Creek in Slatington and then was moved in 1900 to span the Ontelaunee Creek at Wanamaker. In 2002, the bridge was moved to Summerdale to carry pedestrian traffic.
Valley Road on edge of campus of Central Pennsylania College, Enola
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Hereford Furnace
Established by Thomas Maybury in 1745 on the west bank of the Perkiomen Creek for the purpose of manufacturing iron. Maybury is credited with producing here in 1767 the first cast-iron cooking-stove in North America.
Chestnut St (PA 29/100), just N of Gravel Pike/Seisholtzville Rd. intersection, Hereford
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Herman Herzog (1831-1932)
A prolific landscape artist of over 1000 paintings, Herzog is associated with the 19th century Hudson River School American art movement, which captured unspoiled landscapes across the US. A notable artist in his native Germany, patrons included royalty throughout Europe. Moving to the US in the 1860s, he won many awards, including an 1876 Philadelphia Centennial medal. His home, studio, and birthplace of artist son, Lewis, were here.
4101 Pine St.
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Herr House
Three quarters of a mile south on the side road is the stone house built in 1719 by Christian Herr, son of Hans Herr, founder, in 1710, of the first Mennonite community in this area. It is the oldest building this far west in Pennsylvania.
US 222 at creek near Hans Herr Dr., West Lampeter Twp., Lancaster
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Hershey
Model industrial town and noted tourism destination established in 1903 and named for its founder, Milton S. Hershey (1857-1945). Hershey's companies developed housing, recreation, education, and cultural facilities, financial institutions, public utilities, a transit system, and the world's largest chocolate factory that opened in June, 1905.
Rte. 422 (on north side, near 19 E. Chocolate Ave.), Hershey
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Hershey's First Candy Store
Milton Snavely Hershey opened his first candy business here on June 1, 1876, at eighteen years of age. The confectionery shop produced and sold candies, nuts, and baked goods. Although initially successful, credit issues led to its closure. Undeterred, Hershey founded the Lancaster Caramel Co. in 1886, which became extremely profitable. Established as a subsidiary of that company, the Hershey Chocolate Co. achieved international success.
935 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia
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Hessian Camp
After Burgoyne's surrender, 1777, German mercenaries, mostly Hessian, were held prisoners at various places until end of war. Those brought to Reading, 1781, were encamped until 1783 in huts on the hillside a quarter-mile to the north.
Mineral Spring Rd. (Bus. US422 westbound) just E of Hessian Rd., Reading
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Hickory Grove Cemetery
One of the oldest known cemeteries associated with African Americans in Northeastern PA. Established in 1807 in Waverly, then known as Abington Center, the cemetery is the burial ground for many fugitives from slavery who came to the area via the Underground Railroad in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century there were 75 former slaves in Waverly. This cemetery is evidence of the former African American community here.
273 Miller Rd., just south of Carbondale Road (Rt. 632), Waverly
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Hickory Town
Site across the river of Zeisberger's "Middle Town," later called Hickory Town. Here his noted dispute with Wangomen took place in 1767. Here too ended Indian paths from the south, by which trade goods were obtained.
US 62 near Little Hickory Rd. (SR 3004), 2 miles S of East Hickory
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Hiester Home
Site of house occupied by Joseph Hiester from about 1792 until his death, 1832; a Lt. Col. in Continental Army; Delegate to Provincial Convention in 1776; Member of Congress for 14 years; Governor of Pennsylvania, 1820-23.
439 Penn St., Penn Sq., Reading
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Hilary Koprowski, M.D. (1916  - 2013)
Distinguished Polish-born virologist, im-munologist, and director of Wistar Insti-tute, 1957-91, which he transformed into a leading biomedical research facility. He had earlier developed the first successful live oral polio vaccine. Led Wistar in development of vaccines for rubella, rabies, and rotavirus. Pioneered the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer diag-nosis and treatment. National Institutes of Health grantee for over 50 years.
Spruce and 37th Streets, west end of the Wistar Institute's new building
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Hilda Doolittle (H.D.)
The renowned poet was born here on September 10, 1886; died in Zurich, September 27, 1961. H. D. sought the Hellenic spirit and a classic beauty of expression. She is buried in nearby Nisky Hill Cemetery. "O, give me burning blue."
10 E. Church St., City Center Plaza, Bethlehem
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Hill Church
Founded in 1776 by Rev. John McMillan, who served as its pastor until his death in 1833. The pioneer Presbyterian church in the region. Woodrow Wilson's father was once a pastor here.
Junction US 19, Rt. 980 & Rt 519, S of Canonsburg (Missing)
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Hill's Tavern
This tavern, in continuous operation since 1794 when it was opened by Stephen Hill, is one of the oldest on the National Road. It was a popular spot for stage coaches and waggoners.
U.S. 40 and Fava Farm Rd., Scenery Hill
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Hilldale Athletic Club (The Darby Daisies) (The)
This baseball team, whose home was here at Hilldale Park, won the Eastern Colored League championship three times and the 1925 Negro League World Series. Darby fielded Negro League teams from 1910 to 1932. Notable players included baseball hall of fame members Pop Lloyd, Judy Johnson, Martin Dihigo, Joe Williams, Oscar Charleston, Ben Taylor, Biz Mackey, and Louis Santop. Owner Ed Bolden helped form the Eastern Colored League.
Cedar Ave. & MacDade Blvd., across from Holy Cross cemetery, Yeadon
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Historic Fallsington
One of the first places settled in Pennsylvania, this village has retained a great many of the fine houses of its provincial period. The Friends Meeting organized in 1683 was attended by William Penn in 1701. The original building of 1692 stood near the site of the present Friends Meetinghouse.
New Falls Rd./S Main St. (SR 2026), just N of Tyburn Rd. (SR 2020), Fallsington
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Historic Fallsington
One of the places first settled in Pennsylvania, this village has retained a great many of the fine houses of its provincial period. The Friends Meeting organized in 1683 was attended by William Penn in 1701. The original building of 1692 stood near the site of the present Friends Meetinghouse.
Business US 1 at SR 2020 (Tyburn Rd.)
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Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Among the oldest of its kind in the nation, the special collections library holds many of the nation's important founding documents. Founded by prominent citizens in 1824 and located here since 1884, it traces America's history from the 17th century to the present.
1300 Locust St.
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Hockendauqua - PLAQUE
HOCKENDAUQUA INDIAN TOWN of the noted Chiefs LAPPAWINZO and TISHCOHAN who treated with the Penn proprietors of Pennsylvania, in the famous Walking Purchase, was located in the present Northampton upon the east bank of the Lehigh River three fourths of a mile to the northwest of this marker. The fleet-footed youth EDWARRD MARSHALL and his associates of the walk of a day and a half September 19-20, 1737 crossed Hokendauqua creek a half mile below this point on the stream and slept the first night in the woods a half mile from the Indian Town. The survey line of the purchase was run later in 1737 1 3/10 miles to the east.
Nor Both Blvd. (PA 329) on eastern side of Hokendauqua Creek bridge, near Horner Rd., just E of Northampton
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Holbert Racing 1953-1988
At this site, the Holbert family operated one of the most successful teams in sports car racing history. Bob Holbert ran one of the first Porsche dealerships in the U.S. and began racing in 1953, driving Porsches to four SCCA National Championships and Shelby Cobras to the 1963 U.S. Road Racing Championship. Son Al was a five-time IMSA GT Champion with a record 49 series wins and a three-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans driving Porsche 956 and 962s. 
At the site of the former business
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Holeman Ferry
Established by Eli Holeman about 1804. Crossing the Allegheny River here, it was an important link on the old State Road, or "Bald Eagle Road," leading from Milesburg (Centre County) to Waterford (Erie County). Most of the early settlers crossed at this point. In the War of 1812, troops and supplies were transported on the Ferry.
US 62, ~3 miles SW of Tionesta (Missing)
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Holley Motor Company
The acclaimed performance carburetor maker began here in 1899. The innovative carburetor on George and Earl Holley's Motorette car gained the attention of Henry Ford. Soon specializing in this technology, they supplied Ford, and later the aircraft industry, and the US military.
57 Holley Ave. (opposite Hoffman Ave.), Bradford
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Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
Founded in 1730. A session for an Indian treaty was held in the original church building in 1762. The present edifice was dedicated in 1766. Here are interred the remains of Thomas Wharton (1778) and Gov. Thomas Mifflin (1800).
31 S. Duke St., Lancaster
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Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church
Founded by German-speaking immigrants in 1787 to preserve their language and customs, Holy Trinity Church was the first German Catholic parish in the U.S. and became a model for other ethnic Catholic parishes. The church was built in 1788-1789. By 1790, members included African Americans and emigrants from Saint-Domingue. The cemetery interred Black parishioners together with those of Euro-pean ancestry. The parish closed in 2009.
N.W. Corner of 6th and Spruce
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Homestead Grays
Legendary baseball team that dominated the Negro Baseball Leagues during the first half of the 20th century. Founded by steelworkers in 1900, the Grays inspired African Americans locally and across the nation. Led by Cumberland Posey Jr., they won 12 national titles, including 9 in a row, 1937-45. Players included Hall of Famers Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, and Smokey Joe Williams. Disbanded in 1950.
New marker location as at the bridge
40°24'22.1"N 79°54'45.3"W
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Homestead Strike
On the morning of July 6, 1892, on orders of the Carnegie Steel Co., 300 Pinkerton agents attempted to land near here; strikers, citizens repulsed them. Seven workers, three Pinkertons were killed. 8,000 state militia arrived July 12; by November the strike was broken.
880 E Waterfront Dr., Munhall
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Homestead Strike Victims
In these two adjoining cemeteries are buried six of the seven Carnegie Steel Company workers killed during the "Battle of Homestead" on July 6, 1892. The graves of Peter Ferris, Henry Striegel, and Thomas Weldon are here in St. Mary's Cemetery. The remains of John Morris, Joseph Sotak, and Silas Wain lie in Homestead Cemetery. The seventh victim, George Rutter, is buried in Verona.
102 E 22nd St., near Main St., Munhall
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Honesdale
Named for Philip Hone, noted New York merchant-diarist, who pioneered in developing transportation and anthracite resources of the region. Laid out 1827 as head of D&H Canal. County seat since 1841.
W Park St. (US 6) & Meadow Ln. (unmarked) at west end of Honesdale (on left heading west)
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Honey Hollow Watershed
A 700-acre watershed, managed for agriculture; first in the nation to show that cooperative action, with federal technical assistance, can shape land use. Conservation area here was formed in 1939 by six farms on Honey Hollow Creek, supported by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, to protect soil, water, and wildlife. A prototype for thousands of watersheds across the nation; named a National Historic Landmark in 1969.
Upper York Rd. (Rt. 263) 1/4 mi. S of Creamery Rd., Solebury Twp.
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Honus Wagner (1874-1955)
The "Flying Dutchman" was hailed as baseball's greatest shortstop and one of its finest all-around players. A lifelong Carnegie resident, born to German immigrants. Played for Louisville Colonels, 1897-99, & Pittsburgh Pirates, 1900-17; a Pirates coach, 1933-51. He set many National League records, including one for eight seasonal batting titles. Known for his modesty & sportsmanship, Charter member, Baseball Hall of Fame, 1936.
Mansfield Blvd. & Carothers Ave., Carnegie
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Hope Lodge
Built in mid-18th century, house is fine example of Georgian-period architecture. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At site, Old Bethlehem Pike (SR 2018), Fort Washington
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Hopewell Forge Mansion
Built c. 1740 by Peter Grubb, pioneer ironmaster at nearby Cornwall Furnace, and named for the Upper and Lower Hopewell Forges located on Hammer Creek near the house. Remnants of the forge dams may still be seen in the creek.
at site, US 322 westbound near Speedwell Forge Rd. (T562), ~ 1/2 mile N of Turnpike and 1.5 miles W of Brickerville
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Hopewell Historic District
A borough from 1853 to 1914, Hopewell was a laboratory for progressive farming, milling, and educational practices. Samuel Dickey (1769-1835) was an agricultural innovator, and the Dickeys pioneered in establishing area schools. The family, spurred by available water power, developed this valley between 1815 and the 1870s. Much of its 19th-century character endures in the land and its buildings.
Intersection of Hopewell & Lower Hopewell Roads, Lower Oxford & E. Nottingham Twps.
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Hopewell Village
Hopewell Forge, 1744, and Furnace, 1770, were seven miles south. The furnace and the remains of an iron making community of the era are administered by the National Park Service, with recreation areas.
Perkiomen Ave. (US 422) westbound just E of S Center Rd. (PA 345), Baumstown
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Hopewell Village
Hopewell Forge, 1744, and Furnace, 1770, were seven miles south. The furnace and the remains of an iron making community of the era are administered by the National Park Service, with recreation areas.
S Baumstown Rd. (US 422) eastbound at S Center Rd. (PA 345), near Pioneer Crossing Landfill, Baumstown
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Hopewell Village
Forge built 1744 by Wm. Bird; furnace built 1770 by his son Mark. Furnace and other remains of an iron making community of the era, administered by the National Park Service, are about 3 miles away.
PA 345 at Warwick, just N of junction PA 23
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Horace Pippin
Born in West Chester in 1888, Pippin occupied this house from 1920 until his death in 1946. A self-taught black artist, he painted while living here such notable works as "Domino Players," "John Brown Going to His Hanging," and the "Holy Mountain" series.
327 Gay St., West Chester
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Hosanna Meeting House
Founded by free Blacks who had settled in this area, it was first known as the "African Meeting House." Formally organized in 1843 as an African Union Methodist Protestant church. A station stop on the Underground Railroad, its many visitors included Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth.
Old US 1 (Baltimore Pike) near Ashmun Rd., N of Lincoln University campus, Lower Oxford Twp.
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Hotel Brotherhood USA
Founded in 1883, this benevolent society of colored hotel workers was one of the largest and most influential early trade organizations in the hotel industry. It promoted labor equality, worker respect, and economic empowerment. Headquartered here since 1906.
1523-29 Bainbridge St., Philadelphia
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Hotel Fauchere
First established in 1852 as a summer hotel, its restaurant received widespread recognition for innovative French cuisine under the management of Louis Fauchere, master chef at New York City's famed Delmonico's Restaurant. He introduced fine ingredients, progressive recipes, and the concept of the menu. Guests have included American presidents and Pennsylvania governors, as well as celebrated artists, writers, and performers.
Broad & Catherine Sts., Milford
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House of Industry
Founded 1846, this was Pennsylvania's first such institution. Irish Catholics, other immigrants, & native-born were its constituency. Services to the needy included training programs for persons seeking work, designed to encourage their ultimate independence.
714 Catharine St., Philadelphia
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Howard Zahniser
Conservationist and architect of the National Wilderness Preservation System Act of 1964. Although he died four months before President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill his efforts led to the preservation of over 100 million acres across the nation. Zahniser was born in Franklin, Pa., and Tionesta became his hometown. An advocate for preserving wilderness area, he was executive director of The Wilderness Society & editor of its journal.
Rt. 62 ~.8 miles N of Pigeon Hill Rd., N of Tionesta
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Huber Coal Breaker
Erected by the Glen Alden Coal Co. in 1939, the breaker could process 7,000 tons of anthracite daily. It was among the first in the industry to utilize Menzies cones to separate coal from rock. An innovative aerial tramway disposed of waste by-products. Anthracite was sprayed with an iridescent chemical, to create Glen Alden's distinctive "Blue Coal." Operations ceased in 1976, following the decline of anthracite mining. It was demolished in 2014.
101 S Main St., Ashley
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Humboldt Refinery
One of the largest and most scientifically advanced petroleum refineries of its time occupied 47 acres along Cherry Run immediately northwest of this site. It was placed in operation by chemist Jon Bruns and the Lodovici Brothers in 1862. Named for the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, it incorporated such innovations as a 2 mile oil pipeline, oil -fired boilers, and a means of producing aniline dye. The refinery remained in operation until 1868.
at Masonic Hall, Cherry Run Rd. (SR 227) at Grandview Rd., Plumer Village, NE of Oil City
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Hummelstown Brownstone Quarries
High quality brownstone was quarried near here, 1863-1929, and sold across the nation as a preferred masonry material of builders. The Hummelstown Brownstone Company, founded by Allen Walton, employed immigrant skilled stone-cutters and laborers in its quarries.
104 E Main St., Hummelstown
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Humphry Marshall (1722-1801)
One of the first nurserymen in the nation and the author of the first book on North American trees and shrubs, Arbustum Americanum: The American Grove, Marshall is known as the Father of American Dendrology. He regularly supplied native American plants to prominent Europeans eager to learn about species new to them. His plants graced the gardens of England's King George III and King Louis XVI of France. He built and lived in this house.
1407 W Strasburg Rd., West Chester
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Hunter Liggett
Born here March 21, 1857. A graduate of West Point, 1879. He held commands in the Philippines, 1899-1901 and 1915-17, and rose to the rank of Lt. Gen in 1918. On Oct. 16, 1918, he succeeded Gen. Pershing as head of the American First Army in Europe. Died, San Francisco, 1935.
145 S. 6th St. at Chestnut, Reading
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Hunter Mill
This pioneer grist mill was built in 1812 by William Hunter. It has been in use continuously since that date. It is powered by a water wheel and uses much of the old-style machinery in its present operation.
Great Cove Rd. (US 522) near Hwy. 928, 5.3 miles S of McConnellsburg at Webster Mills
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Huntingdon County
Formed on September 20, 1787 out of Bedford County. Named for the Countess of Huntingdon to honor her support of the University of Pennsylvania. Huntingdon, the county seat, incorporated 1796. County noted for fertile land, iron, timber, water power, roads.
County Courthouse, Penn St., Huntingdon
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Hysong v. Gallitzin School District
In 1894, the Pa. Supreme Court ruled that the Catholic Sisters of St. Joseph were permitted to wear religious attire while teaching in Gallitzin public schools. In response, the Pa. legislature passed the 1895 Garb Act, forbidding public school teachers from wearing religious clothing or insignia. In the years since, state and federal courts have sought to balance the right to religious expression with the principles of secular public education.
Gallitzin Tunnels Park - the public school building was located a couple of
blocks from this location
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Ida Ella Ruth Jones (1874-1959)
African American self-taught artist who depicted life in rural Chester County in the first half of the 20th century. The daughter of a former slave, Jones completed more than 300 works in her 70s and 80s. She worked in watercolor, oil, and pencil in a style typical of folk art. Her works illustrated personal observations of family and farm life, nature, landscapes, early technologies, human interaction, and slavery. Jones resided on a nearby farm.
PA 82 (Doe Run Rd.) at Rokeby Rd., East Fallowfield Twp.
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Ida M. Tarbell
Noted oil historian, biographer of Lincoln, journalist, lived in this house about six years. She was graduated from the Titusville High School in 1875.
324 E. Main St. (PA 27), Titusville
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Ida M. Tarbell
Noted writer; biographer of Lincoln, historian of Standard Oil; born Nov. 5, 1857, in her grandfather's log home at Hatch Hollow, about two miles to east. She died Jan. 6, 1944, at Bridgeport, Connecticut.
PA 8, just S of Hatch Hollow Rd., between Wattsburg & Union City
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Idlewild Park
The longest-operating amusement park in Pa. and among the oldest in the nation. In 1878, Thomas Mellon leased land along his Ligonier Valley Railroad hoping to increase passenger traffic by opening a picnic ground. Amusement rides began to be added in the 1890s; several rides from the 1930s continue to operate. Surviving the railroad closure, two World Wars, and the Great Depression, Idlewild provides nationally recognized family recreation.
Lincoln Hwy. (Rt. 30E), at park exit gate, Ligonier Twp.
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Indian Hannah (1730-1802) - PLAQUE
The last of the Indians in Chester County was born in the vale about 300 yards to the east on the land of the protector of her people the Quaker assemblyman WILLIAM WEBB. Her mother was Indian Sarah and her grandmother Indian Jane of the Unami group * their totem * the Tortoise * Of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians
PA 52 (E side), .2 mile N of US 1 junction, Kennett Square
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Indian Hill
The hill just southeast was the scene, Sept. 29, 1778, of a battle between Col. Thos. Hartley's men from Fort Muncy, and the Indians. Two days before, Hartley had burned Queen Esther's town near present Athens.
U.S. 6, 4.6 miles E of Wyalusing
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Indian Hill Battlefield - PLAQUE
On September 29th, 1778 on the hill one mile south east of this marker in the most desperate engagement between Indians and white men in Bradford County, Colonel Thomas Hartley defeated the Indians. He left Fort Muncy September 21st. On the 27th burned Tioga Queen Esther's Town and reached Wyalusing at eleven o'clock on the night of September 28th. This campaign ended Indian incursions in Bradford County and prepared the way for the Sullivan Expedition. Hardby on the east of this marker, led the old Warrior Path and the Sullivan Trail.
off US 6 - Cornell Rd., ~5 miles E of Wyalusing, 1st right past Indian Hill marker traveling east
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Indian Jasper Quarries
The most famous of Pennsylvania's Indian quarries may be seen in the woods a few hundred yards southwest of here. Articles made from the jasper were carried by the Indians as far as New England.
Vera Cruz Rd. (SR 2027) near intersection Main Rd. (SR 2023), Vera Cruz
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Indian Paint Hill
Across the river from here deposits of red ochre and adjacent petroleum springs provided the Indians with raw materials for face and body paint.
US 62 near Thomas Ln., 3 miles NE of Tidioute
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Indian Paths
The Warriors Mark Path intersected the Bald Eagle Path at about this point, then proceeded north to join the Great Shamokin Path, east of Chinklacamoose (Clearfield). The Warriors (Mark) Path came north from Cumberland, Maryland, and the Bald Eagle Path came west from Milesburg.
Tyrone Pk. (PA 350) across from church, S of Philipsburg
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Indian Paths
Across the river here paths led over the hills to Oil Creek. Each year, in spring, the Indians used to travel westward to gather petroleum from the oil pits, boil maple sugar and make bark canoes.
US 62, next to W Forest school, 2.3 miles S of East Hickory
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Indian Peace Councils
Held on this Square between 1756 and 1762 to strengthen English friendship with the Delawares and Six Nations; to bring about peace with hostile Indians, drawing those of Ohio away from the French.
NE part of square, Easton (Missing)
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Indiana County
Formed March 30, 1803 from Westmoreland and Lycoming counties, and once densely forested. Its name memorializes the first inhabitants. County seat, Indiana, was laid out in 1805 on land given by George Clymer, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Courthouse Sq., Philadelphia St. between 8th & 9th, Indiana
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Indiantown Gap Military Reservation
Authorized in 1929, first land bought in 1931, and first used by the National Guard in 1932. In 1940 it was leased to the Federal government as an Army cantonment. Total area now more than 16,000 acres.
Fisher Ave. (SR 4020), N of I-81, across from Biddle Rd. entrance to Fort Indiantown Gap
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Indiantown Gap Military Reservation
Authorized in 1929, first land bought in 1931, and first used by the National Guard in 1932. In 1940 it was leased to the Federal government as an Army cantonment. Total area now more than 16,000 acres.
US 22 S of Fort Indiantown Gap, at ramp to Rt. 934, westbound
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Indiantown Gap Military Reservation
Authorized in 1929, first land bought in 1931, and first used by the National Guard in 1932. In 1940 it was leased to the Federal government as an Army cantonment. Total area now more than 16,000 acres.
US 22 S of Ft. Indiantown Gap, at ramp to Rt. 934, eastbound
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Inez Mecusker (1855-1941)
One of the foremost singers and entertainers of her time, soprano Mecusker was known as the "American Cantatrice." She was featured in roles in opera and musical theater, appeared in vaudeville and on Broadway, and was a soloist for the John Philip Sousa Band. She performed for more than 25 years in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was acclaimed nationally. The Corry resident is buried nearby in Pine Grove Cemetery.
NE corner of Center St. (PA 426) & Washington St., Corry
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Ingram-Richardson Manufacturing Co.
During 64 years, "Ing-Rich" became one of the leading producers of porcelain enamel products in the U.S. Noted for durability, the company's output included outdoor advertising signs and "porcel panels" for building exteriors; it also made table tops, refrigerators & stove parts, and other products for the home. Founded here in 1901 by Louis Ingram & Ernest Richardson, it built plants in three other states. At its peak it employed over 1000 people.
31st St. Ext. / Ing-Rich Rd/ near 24th St., Beaver Falls
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Institute for Colored Youth
Begun as a farm school. In 1852 it became one of the first schools to train Blacks for skilled trades and teaching. It gained recognition here under Fanny J. Coppin, principal, 1869-1902. Relocated, it later became Cheyney University.
915 Bainbridge Sts., Philadelphia
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Insurance Company of North America
Formed in 1792 at Independence Hall to write marine insurance and incorporated in 1794, it was the first US firm to insure a building's contents from fire. One of the most global insurers of the 20th century, INA created the homeowners policy in 1950. Located along "Insurance Row" (Walnut St. from 2nd to 6th) for much of the 19th century, and in the landmark INA Building at 1600 Arch St., 1925-91. Acquired by ACE (later Chubb) Ltd., 1999.
436 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Invention of the Jeep
In September 1940 a team headed by Karl Probst delivered to the U.S. Army a prototype for the World War II jeep. This small, four-wheel drive vehicle was produced by the American Bantam Car Co., located one block east. Here, Bantam manufactured 2,675 jeeps. Although larger companies ultimately received the chief wartime orders, it was Bantam--in cooperation with the Army--that originally created the jeep.
Hansen Ave. & Renaissance Dr., Butler
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Ira D. Sankey
Famous singing evangelist, fellow-worker with Dwight L. Moody in Europe and in America, was born Aug. 28, 1840, at Edinburg, in a house since removed. He died in Brooklyn, New York, on Aug. 13, 1908.
Erie St. (PA 551) at post office, Edinburg
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Iroquois "Main Road"
An important path for Native Americans, including the Catawba and Cherokee, traveling south from Ichsua (Olean, NY) passed near here. At Kittanning the path forked, one branch going to the Mississippi and the other to the Carolinas.
Highland Rd. (PA 948) W of Sackett Rd., Highland Twp., NW of Johnsonburg (part of Allegheny Natl. Forest land)
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Iroquois "Main Road"
The highway here follows the course of an old war path used by the Iroquois. It was their best route to the south until the Susquehanna Valley was opened to them by their victory over the Susquehannocks.
PA 949, ~4 miles N of Corsica (Missing)
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Irving Female College
Site of the College that was chartered in 1857, and named for Washington Irving, a trustee. First women's college in Pennsylvania to grant degrees in arts and sciences. It closed in 1929.
E. Main St. (Pa. 641) near Filbert St., Mechanicsburg
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Isaac & Dinah Mendenhall (1806-82 / 1807-89)
Quaker abolitionists, the Mendenhalls harbored freedom seekers on the Underground Railroad in their nearby home, Oakdale. Originally members of Old Kennett Meeting, which became divided on the issue of slavery, they helped found Longwood Progressive Meeting in 1853. Dinah was a member of a committee that met with Pres. Lincoln in 1862 to urge him to enact the Emancipation Proclamation. Both were firm supporters of women's voting rights.
301 Kennett Pike (PA 52), at Hillendale Rd., Kennett Twp.
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Isaac Charles Mishler (1862-1944)
Lancaster native and Altoona businessman and promoter. Built and managed theaters in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In 1906, he built the opulent Mishler Theater here for stage shows, musical performances, live theater, and vaudeville.
1208 Twelfth Ave. at Mishler Theater, Altoona
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Isaac Long Barn
The United Brethren in Christ, and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, trace their origin to the joint efforts of Rev. Philip W. Otterbein of the German Reformed Church and Martin Boehm, a Mennonite preacher, at a revival held here about 1767. The barn stands a mile and a half to the north.
At cemetery at PA 272 (Oregon Pike) and Landis Valley Rd., near Landis Valley Museum, Lancaster
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Israel Benevolent Society Cemetery
Consecrated in 1844, this cemetery provided a place for Jews to be properly buried under the requirements of Judaic law. Founded by Chevrah Kaddishah (Holy Burial Society), it is the first Jewish cemetery west of Philadelphia formed during a period of great westward migration in the mid-19th century. Jewish residents of the area are buried here, as is Isaac Burgauer, the only southern Jewish casualty of the Battle of Gettysburg interred in a northern Jewish cemetery.
361 East Washington Street, Chambersburg
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Israel Goldstein (1896-1986)
Born & educated in this city, this leader of the Zionist movement, author, and conservative rabbi presided over many organizations, including the Jewish Nation Fund (1933-43), Zionist Organization of America (1943-61), & American Jewish Congress (1951-58), and was a founder of Brandeis College. He moved to Israel in 1961.
At S Phila. High School, 2101 S Broad St., Philadelphia
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Ivy Mills
A pioneer in this area's industrial and religious development, Thomas Willcox built a paper mill here on the West Branch of Chester Creek in 1729. It became a major supplier to the print shop of Benjamin Franklin; by 1776 it was supplying paper for the currency of the colonies and Continental Congress and was operated by Willcox's descendants until 1866. An early Catholic mission was established on the property.
Polecat & Ivy Mill Rds., Chester Heights
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J. Donald Cameron
U.S. Senator, 1877-97. Secretary of War under Ulysses Grant, 1876-77. President, Northern Central R.R., 1863-74. Son of Simon Cameron. His mansion here, acquired 1870, had many visitors and was the scene of major political and business decisions.
Front and State Sts., Harrisburg
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J. Edgar Thomson
Here was born the first chief engineer, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1847-52, and its third president, 1852-74. He was responsible for construction of the main line, Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, and for the system's expansion to the Mississippi River.
Baltimore Pike (SR 2016) & Thomson Ave. (SR 2027), just NE of Swarthmore
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J. Horace McFarland
Printer, horticulturist, conservationist, and "City Beautiful" advocate. President, American Civic Association, 1904-24, and editor, "American Rose Annual," 1916-43. He worked successfully for preservation of Niagara Falls and creation of the National Park Service. McFarland stressed the duty of civic leaders to build a beautiful, healthful environment. His Breeze Hill home and gardens were in Harrisburg's Bellevue Park.
Sunken Garden in Riverfront Park, Front & Verbeke Sts., Harrisburg
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Jack and Jill of America Foundation
Founded 1938 by Marion Turner Stubbs, Lela Jones, and nine other African-American mothers of middle-class families to provide activities for their children despite racial segregation. The local chapter - first in the U.S. - formerly met here.
1605 Christian St., Philadelphia
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Jack's Narrows
The gorge cut by the Juniata through the mountain at this point, derives its name from the trader, Jack Armstrong, who was killed by the Indians at the river crossing in 1744.
US 22, ~8.5 miles SE of Huntingdon (Missing)
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Jackie Ormes (1911-1985)
The first nationally syndicated African American woman cartoonist in the US and the only one for decades. Beginning in 1937, her comics were published in black newspapers, the Pittsburgh Courier and Chicago Defender. Her Torchy Brown and Patty-Jo and Ginger characters were well-educated and fashionably dressed. They helped break down racial and gender stereotypes common in popular culture of the time. Ormes grew up in Monongahela.
Chess Park, 7th & Main Sts., Monongahela
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Jacob Albright
The son of German immigrants, Jacob Albright (1759-1808) founded the Evangelical Association, preached to poor farmers, and rose to become Bishop in the Methodist Church. His grave is nearby at Albright Memorial Church.
Pa. 897 near Main & Shad Sts., Kleinfeltersville
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Jacob C. White Jr. (1837-1902)
A Black educator who lived here, White was the principal of the Robert Vaux School for forty years. He was a founder of the city's first Black baseball club, the Pythians, and the first president of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital.
1032 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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Jacob J. Vandergrift
A leader in transforming the shipment of oil-by river, by rail, and ultimately by pipeline. Vandergrift arrived in Oil City, 1861, as a river captain. Beginning in 1868, Vandergrift, Forman & Co., laid miles of pipe to move oil from wells to shipping depots. In 1877 he consolidated much of the oil pipeline industry into his United Pipe Lines, which he merged in 1881, into the National Transit Co., part of Rockefeller's Standard Oil holdings.
Justus Park trailhead parking lot, Oil City
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Jacob L. Devers (1887-1979)
Born and raised here, he rose to the rank of Four Star General, 1945. The Army's youngest Brig. Gen. In 1940; he became commander of European operations in World War II and had a key role in the liberation of France, 1944. Buried, Arlington National Cemetery.
254 Roosevelt Avenue, York
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Jacob Nelson "Nellie" Fox
1997 Baseball Hall of Fame inductee. Second baseman for the Chicago White Sox (1950-1963). Known for his passion and work ethic, Fox was an AL MVP (1959), a 3-time Gold Glove Award winner, and a 12-time All-Star. His boyhood home stands nearby.
7417 Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), at Schoolhouse Road (square), St. Thomas
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Jacob Stroud (1735-1806)
Colonel in the militia and Revolutionary patriot. He stockaded his home as Fort Penn. Member, state constitutional convention, 1776, and state legislature, 1781-1783. He founded Stroudsburg in 1799; he and his son Daniel then laid out the town.
Municipal Bldg./Fire Station, 7th & Sarah Sts., Stroudsburg
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James A. "Billboard" Jackson (1878-1960)
A prominent African American journalist, as editor at Billboard magazine, Jackson promoted black theater during the 1920s Harlem Renaissance. He later fostered African American business activities for the US Dept. of Commerce. He was born and raised here.
207 E High St. (near N Penn intersection), Bellefonte
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James A. Beaver
Civil War hero; Governor of Pennsylvania, 1897-91; a Superior Court judge, 1895-1905, was born in Millerstown Oct. 21, 1837. Site is marked by a plaque. His adult life was spent at Bellefonte where he died on January 31, 1914.
Market & Sunbury Sts., in median at Sq., Millerstown
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James A. Bland
Buried in this cemetery is the famous minstrel, composer of "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" and many other songs. Born on Long Island in 1854, he traveled widely but died in obscurity at Philadelphia in 1911.
Bryn Mawr Ave. & W Rock Hill Rd., at Merion Meml. Park entrance, Bala Cynwyd
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James A. Michener (1907-1997)
The world famous author grew up in Doylestown and graduated in 1925 from the public school formerly here, having been a top-ranking student. His first novel, "Tales of the South Pacific", received the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. His many other books include "The Fires of Spring" (1949), "Hawaii" (1959), "The Source" (1965), & "Recessional" (1994). He traveled widely and was a noted art collector and philanthropist.
East Court St. just E of Broad St., Doylestown
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James Buchanan
President 1857-1861. Was born April 23, 1791, a half-mile from here. The cabin itself was moved to Mercersburg, 1850, and in 1925 to Chambersburg. In 1953, it was removed to The Mercersburg Academy campus where it may be seen.
PA 16W, @ fork of Stoney Batter & Buchanan Sts., at Buchanan State Park entrance, Cove Gap
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James Buchanan
Lawyer, statesman, diplomat, and fifteenth President of United States, lies buried in this cemetery, about 350 yards southeast. His home, Wheatland, located on Marietta Avenue, is marked with a bronze tablet.
S. Queen St. at Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lancaster
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James Buchanan
Fifteenth President of the United States, lies buried at Woodward Hill Cemetery located five blocks to the south on Queen Street.
S Queen St. at Penn Square, Lancaster
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James Finley (1756-1828)
In 1808 Finley obtained the first US patent for a suspension bridge. His first rigid chain bridge, which once spanned nearby Jacob's Creek, exemplified the ingenuity of Finley's design. Bridges following his patented design were built in several other states, and he is considered a pioneer of the modern suspension bridge. A Uniontown resident, he served as a judge and a member of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania.
Uniontown Public Library, 24 Jefferson St., Uniontown
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James Forten (1766-1842)
A wealthy sailmaker who employed multi-racial craftsmen, Forten was a leader of the African-American community in Philadelphia and a champion of reform causes. The American Antislavery Society was organized in his house here in 1833.
336 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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James G. Blaine
Born Jan 31, 1830, on this site, of Pennsylvania pioneer ancestry, Washington College graduate. Moved to Maine in 1854. Served the nation as member of Congress, party leader and secretary of state.
238 Main St., West Brownsville
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James Hay Reed
Born Sept. 10, 1853, in a house standing in this square. Distinguished as a lawyer. Counselor to a majority of the leaders of business who built the corporations which made Pittsburgh leader in American industry.
Carnegie Science Center (1 Allegheny Ave., S of North Commons), North Side (Pittsburgh)
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James Joseph "Jim" Croce (1943-1973)
Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee and singer Croce was best known for upbeat urban ballads and songs about the common man. Hits like “Time in a Bottle”, “Bad, Bad Leroy Brown”, “You Don’t Mess Around with Jim”, and “Operator” topped the singles music chart propelling Croce to national fame. A two-time Grammy nominee, he wrote many of his most successful and timeless songs in the farmhouse nearby before his tragic death in a plane crash.

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James Lick
The California financier and philanthropist, donor of the Lick Observatory, was born in Fredericksburg, Aug. 21, 1796. The Lick family monuments may be seen in the local cemetery.
U.S. 22 near junction Pa. 343 just S of Fredericksburg
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James Maitland Stewart (1908-1997)
Legendary American actor, born & raised in this town. During his long career, 1932-91, Jimmy Stewart achieved fame on stage, screen, and TV. He won an Academy Award for his role in "The Philadelphia Story." Other films included "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," "It's a Wonderful Life," & "Harvey." He flew 20 combat missions in World War II; rose to Brigadier General, Air Force Reserve; and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985.
at Jimmy Stewart Museum, 9th & Philadelphia Sts., Indiana
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James Maurer (1864-1944)
Labor leader and advocate for child labor reform, pensions, and the state's first workers' compensation act. Self-educated, Maurer was elected president of the Penn-sylvania Federation of Labor from 1912-1928. He served as state legislator from Reading as a Socialist (1910-1918). He ran unsuccessfully for vice president of the United States on the Socialist ticket in 1928 and 1932. He was a lifelong Reading resident.
Heritage Park near Workers' Memorial, 6th & Canal Sts., Reading
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James Pollock (1810-1890)
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1855-58. The state debt and taxes were reduced during his term by the sale of state-owned canals and railroads. The Normal School Act of 1857 established regional teacher training institutions throughout Pa. He was one of the founders of Penn State University. As Director of the US Mint in 1864, he conceived the motto "In God We Trust" for coins. Pollock was born in Milton and buried in Milton Cemetery.
Lincoln Park, Broadway & Front St. (PA 405), Milton
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James Sheakley
Fourth Territorial Governor of Alaska, 1893-1897, James Sheakley (1829-1917), was born in Sheakleyville, which was named for his grandfather. Appointed by President Cleveland, he also served as United States Commissioner of Schools for Alaska, 1887-1892.
E side of US 19, across from church, N end of Sheakleyville
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James Smallwood Schoolhouse
Built in 1892, this school was part of a movement to create schools for the education of black students by black teachers, and is representative of the national struggle for equal education, regardless of race. Named in memory of James Smallwood, elected teacher of the city's first " colored school" in 1871.
200 Block of S Pershing Ave., between W College Ave. and W Hope Ave., York
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James Smith
A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, delegate to Continental Congress, Colonel of Associators, lawyer, and ironmaster, lies buried in this churchyard.
E. Market St., Presbyterian churchyard, York
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James Wilson
Early Carlisle lawyer, and representative to Continental Congress, occupied house that stood on this site. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the framers of the Constitution of U.S.
SW corner, High & Pitt Sts., Carlisle
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Jane Grey Swisshelm
Renowned editor, abolitionist, Civil War nurse, advocate of women's rights and temperance. Also author of "Half a Century, 1815-1865." Born Jane Grey Cannon at Pittsburgh December 6, 1815; died in old homestead on this site on July 22, 1884.
Braddock & Greendale Aves., Edgewood, just N of I-376 exit 9
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Jane Holmes (1805-1885)
A distinguished philanthropist and humanitarian, she created and funded numerous social service agencies, including the Western Pa. School for Blind Children, here. Her pioneering efforts in charitable giving have served those in need, regardless of race, ethnicity, class, or gender.
W PA School for Blind Children, Bayard St. at N Bellefield Ave., Schenley Farms (Pittsburgh)
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Jay Gould
The first business venture of the noted speculator and railroad manipulator was at nearby Thornhurst. Here, 1856-61, he owned a large tannery with Zaddock Pratt. Gould's tannery profits became a basis of his fortune
River & Locust Ridge (Hwy. 2015) Rds., just S of Thornhurst
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Jay Gould
The first business venture of the noted speculator and railroad manipulator was in this village, then called Gouldsboro. Here, 1856-61, he owned a large tannery with Zaddock Pratt. The tannery profits became the basis of his fortune.
Bear Lake Rd. (SR 2016), just N of River Rd., Thornhurst
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Jay Livingston (1915-2001)
Prolific composer and writer of popular songs for motion pictures and television from the 1940s to the 1990s. Born and raised in McDonald. Along with partner Ray Evans, Livingston earned Academy Awards for the songs "Buttons and Bows," "Mona Lisa," and "Que Sera, Sera." His most enduring and popular song was "Silver Bells." He also wrote themes for television series "Bonanza" and "Mister Ed" and scores for Broadway shows.
Rt. 980 (S. McDonald St.) and Panhandle Trail, McDonald
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Jefferson County
Formed March 26, 1804 out of Lycoming County and named for President Thomas Jefferson. Until 1806 attached to Westmoreland County, then to Indiana County until 1830. Noted for its coal and lumber industries. Brookville, county seat, was incorporated 1834.
County Courthouse, Main St. (Rt. 28) at Pickering, Brookville
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Jefferson House
On the second floor of a three-story brick house that stood here, Thomas Jefferson prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence in June, 1776.
7th St. near Market St., Philadelphia (Missing)
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Jefferson Street Ballparks
The Jefferson Street Grounds and later Athletic Park hosted several monumental games here. Early civil rights activist Octavius Catto captained the Pythians against the white Olympic ball club in 1869 - the first interracial baseball game. The first National League game was also played here in 1876. In operation between 1864 and 1891, the venues saw baseball evolve from an amateur pastime into a competitive professional sport.
outside park on Jefferson St. at Bailey St., Philadelphia
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Jenkins' Fort
Stockaded home of John Jenkins. Built by Connecticut settlers, 1776. Surrendered to the British under Maj. John Butler, July 1, 1778, and burnt.
Wyoming/Exeter Ave. (US 11/PA 92) at Susquehanna Ave., West Pittston
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Jeremiah S. Black
One of Pennsylvania's most noted jurists and lawyers, was born here Jan. 10, 1810. State Supreme Court Justice, 1851-57; U.S. Attorney-General, 1857-60. Later life spent at York as a famous lawyer. Died Aug. 19, 1883.
PA 31 (Glades Pk.) near Brotherton Rd. (SR 1005), ~6.5 miles E of Somerset
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Jeremiah Sullivan Black - PLAQUE
Birthplace of Jeremiah Sullivan Black, 10th January, 1810, President Judge, Sixteenth Penna. Judicial District, 1842-1851, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of Penna. 1851-57, Attorney General of the United States 1857-1860, Secretary of State of the U.S. 1860-1861. Fearless and eloquent defender of constitutional rights, of trial by jury, and of civil and religious liberty until his death, 19th August, 1883. "To live unmolested is not a political privilege, but a natural, absolute and indefeasible right, which human government may protect, but cannot either give or withhold." From his address on religious liberty.
PA 31 (Glades Pk.) near Brotherton Rd. (SR 1005), ~6.5 miles E of Somerset
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Jeremiah Sweinhart and Successors
The evolution of the business located here mirrors America's changing transportation scene. In the factory begun by Mr. Sweinhart in 1872, horse-drawn carriages, farm and delivery vehicles, and sleighs were built. After 1914, bus and truck bodies, and other commercial and military vehicles, were made here. Production ceased, 1990, but the original 1872 shop became part of the Boyertown Museum of Historic Vehicles.
3rd. & Walnut Sts., Boyertown
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Jersey Shore Pike
Lymansville was the north terminus for the early pack trail and wagon road south to Jersey Shore. In 1834 a Turnpike toll road was completed between the two points. For many years it was a major trade route.
E 2nd St. (US 6 / PA 44) near Cress Ln. (dirt), just NW of Sweden Valley
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Jesse Fell (1751-1830)
At his tavern here on Feb. 11, 1808, Fell burned "stone coal" successfully in an open grate. This famed experiment spurred the rise of the anthracite industry & the Wyoming Valley's growth. He was a judge, 1798-1830; first burgess of Wilkes-Barre, 1806.
Corner of E Northampton and S Washington Sts., Wilkes-Barre
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Jesse L. Reno (1823-1862)
A distinguished Civil War general, Reno commanded a brigade of Burnside's Army in its North Carolina expedition and the 9th Corps of the Army of the Potomac at the battle of South Mountain, Md. where he was killed. He served previously in the Mexican War, taught at West Point, commanded several arsenals at Philadelphia and elsewhere, and wrote a manual on arsenal warfare. Reno was raised in nearby Franklin and this town was named for him.
Allegheny Blvd. (Rt. 8/62), between 3rd & 4th Sts., Reno
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Jessie Redmon Fauset
Born to one of Philadelphia's old families. Literary editor, "The Crisis," 1919-26. A prolific writer of New Negro Renaissance fiction, she produced four full-length novels in addition to her poems and critical essays. She died here in 1961.
1853 N 17th St., Philadelphia
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Joe Venuti (1903-1978)
"Father of Jazz Violin." Classically trained as a child, Venuti went to grade school here. He introduced new string techniques; worked with his close friend, guitarist Eddie Lang, 1921-33. Led own band, 1935-43; was on screen & radio. Major comeback in 1968.
NE corner S 8th & Fitzwater Sts., Philadelphia
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John A. Mather
Photographer of oil industry from 1860, lived in this house. His thousands of views form an extraordinary record of an industry that began here. Born, Bury, England, in 1829; died Titusville, 1915.
407 E. Main St. (PA 27), Titusville
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John A. Roebling (1806-1869)
Here in 1846, Roebling built the first wire rope suspension bridge to carry a highway over the Monongahela River. He also designed a bridge across the Allegheny River, a railroad bridge at Niagara Falls, & the Brooklyn Bridge.
Smithfield St. Bridge at West Carson St., Pittsburgh
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John A. Shulze
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1823-1829. Born, 1775, in the old parsonage behind Christ Lutheran Church. During his terms, the State inaugurated its extensive program of internal improvements. He died at Lancaster in 1852.
Conrad Weiser Pkwy. (US 422) at Main St. & Longs Church Ln., outside Stouchsburg
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John A. Sutter
In the cemetery opposite is buried the California pioneer. Founder of Sacramento, 1839. Gold was discovered on his lands, 1848. Ruined by the gold rush, he made Lititz his home from 1871 until death, 1880.
PA 501 (S. Broad St.) at Lemon St., Lititz
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John B. McCormick
Designed the first of the modern mixed-flow type of water turbine, thus making an important contribution to American industry. Began his experiments in 1868 on the water wheel of a sawmill at nearby Armagh. He died near Smicksburg in 1924.
US 22 just W of Armagh (MISSING)
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John Bannister Gibson
Distinguished jurist and author of legal books, lived in this house from about 1820 until his death, 1853; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for 24 years of his 37 years membership.
E. High St. between Hanover & Bedford Sts., Carlisle
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John Bannister Gibson
Born Nov. 8, 1780, in a house near here. Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, 1827-1851. This was also the birthplace of William Bigler, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1852-55; U.S. Senator, 1856-61.
Landisburg Rd. (PA 850) at Mill Rd., ~1 mile W of Dromgold
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John Bannister Gibson - PLAQUE
Chief Justice of Pennsylvania 1827-1851. Born in the home of his parents Col. George Gibson and Anna West Gibson 124 ft. northwest of this marker November 8, 1780. His fame was unequaled.
Landisburg Rd. (PA 850) & Mill Rd., ~1 mile W of Dromgold
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John Bartram (1699-1777)
Famed natural scientist. Had the first botanic garden in the U.S. for receiving plants of America and exotics. He was American botanist to king of England and member of several royal societies. House and garden are 1/4 mile east.
Harley Ave. at Lindbergh Blvd., West Philadelphia
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John Beale Bordley
The noted agriculturalist purchased land just north of here in 1792 and named it "Como Farm." Here, he conducted numerous experiments on crop rotation and maintenance of soil fertility. Bordley planned new devices for seeding and reaping wheat. His works on Rotation of Crops and Husbandry and Rural Affairs were widely read. Died, 1804.
Strasburg Rd. (SR 3062) & Broad Rd., W of Marshalltown
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John Brophy (1883-1963)
The American labor leader lived here in Nanty Glo. Brophy was president of District 2, United Mine Workers of America, 1916-1926; he gained national prominence for his "Miner's Program," calling for a shorter work week, nationalization of the mines, and a labor party. An official of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 1935-1961, Brophy was a longtime advocate for a democratic labor movement.
Shoemaker St. (Rt. 271) at Lloyd St., across from Ameriserv Financial, Nanty Glo
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John Brown
Boarded in this house for a while in the summer of 1859 under the name of "Smith." While in Chambersburg, he secretly received firearms and ammunition. Later in 1859, Brown led a raid on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry.
225 E. King St., Chambersburg
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John Brown Raid
Captain John Cooke, one of Brown's followers, was captured near here on Oct. 25, 1859, nine days after the raid on Harper's Ferry. He was hanged December 16, two weeks after John Brown.
PA 233, 1 mile E of Mont Alto, across from PSU campus, just W of entrance
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John Brown Tannery
John Brown of Ossawatomie and Harper's Ferry worked here as a tanner, 1825-35. The nearby house was then his home. His first wife and son are buried near.
John Brown Rd. (SR 1033), just S of PA 77, New Richmond
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John Brown's Tannery
On the side road, a short distance south, are the remains of the tannery and home built by the noted abolitionist of Harper's Ferry fame. Here, he lived and worked from 1825 to 1835, employing as many as 15 men in producing leather.
PA 77, just W of John Brown Rd. (SR 1033), New Richmond
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John C. Asbury (1862-1941)
A prominent African American Republican who as legislator sponsored a statewide civil rights bill in 1921 that served as a model for future efforts. He was a philanthropist, a founder of Eden Cemetery and Mercy Hospital, and editor of the Odd Fellows' Journal. Asbury resided here.
1710 Christian St., Philadelphia
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John Chad's House - PLAQUE
Proctor's American Artillery Occupied several Redoubts near This House at the Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777.
Lawn of Chadd homestead on Creek Rd. just N of US 1, Chadds Ford
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John Christian Frederick Heyer (1793-1873)
In 1842 Father Heyer became the first American Lutheran missionary to India, establishing schools and churches and ministering to women and those outside the caste system. In the US, he traveled extensively in Pa. and the Midwest organizing congregations. He was instrumental in founding Gettysburg College and the nation's first Lutheran theological seminary at Gettysburg. A resident of Friedens, he was pastor and is buried here.
Friedens Lutheran Church, 131 S Main St., Friedens
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John Dewey
After graduation from the University of Vermont in 1879, the noted philosopher, liberal, and advocate of progressive education (1859-1952) taught for the first two years of his distinguished career at Oil City's first high school, located on this site.
Central Ave. & W. 4th St. at fire stn., Oil City
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John Dickinson (1732-1808)
Statesman, author. In influential writings, 1765-74, argued against British policies. Later, as a member, Continental Congress, 1774-76, favored conciliation and opposed the Declaration of Independence; nonetheless, served the patriot cause as colonel, 1st Philadelphia Battalion. President, Pa. Supreme Executive Council, 1782-85. Delegate, U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; a strong supporter of the Constitution. Deeded land to Merion Meeting, 1801-04.
Montgomery Ave. at Haverford Ave., Narberth
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John Durang (1768-1822)
The first American-born professional stage performer, Durang gained fame as a dancer, actor, clown, musician, acrobat, choreographer, and puppeteer. Born in Lancaster near here, he performed in the northeastern US, eventually founding his own company and a theatrical dynasty.
126 N Water St., Lancaster
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John E. Fryer, M.D. (1937-2003)
Temple professor and psychiatrist Fryer, disguised as "Dr. Anonymous," spoke against the American Psychiatric Association's classification of homosexuality as a mental illness at the APA's 1972 annual meeting. Fryer's testimony persuaded the APA to declassify homosexuality as a mental disorder in 1973, ending treatments such as chemical castration, electric shock therapy, and lobotomy and paving the way for advances in LGBT civil rights.
13th St. at Locust, Philadelphia
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John F. Fritz
His absolute integrity, mechanical ability, inventive genius, and practical resourcefulness brought about improved processes and products in the iron and steel industry in America. He introduced the three-high rolls into the Cambria mill, applied the Bessemer process to American practice, improved the manufacture of armor plate. Fritz was born 1.3 miles NE of here in 1822.
PA 41 at Derry Mtg. Rd. (PA 796), 2.8 miles SE of Cochranville (Missing)
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John F. Hartranft
The birthplace of John F. Hartranft, Civil War hero and Pennsylvania Governor, 1873-79, is to the right on the side road. He reorganized the State Militia as part of the National Guard.
Sanatoga Rd. & Cross Rd., SW of Fagleysville
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John F. Reynolds (1820-1863)
Major General in the Union Army during the Civil War. He played a key role in committing the Army of the Potomac to the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. He was killed early on the first day. Buried in Lancaster Cemetery, he was born and resided here.
42 W. King St., between Queen & Prince Sts., Lancaster
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John Fitch's Steamboat
Fitch tested near here a model steamboat in 1785. Before his death in 1798, he built 4 mechanically successful steamboats. The first in the U.S., they proved financial failures, leaving final success of the idea to Robert Fulton.
At Craven Hall, 573 Newtown Rd., near Street Rd., Warminster
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John Franklin Carll (1826-1904)
Pioneer petroleum geologist and engineer, Carll originated many standard oil industry practices, including accurate drilling records, correlating and mapping sub-surface reservoir rocks, and explaining the increased productivity resulting from reservoir flooding. In the 2nd Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1875), he provided basic explanations of northwestern Pa. surface and subsurface geology. He lived and worked here from 1864 until his death.
205 E State St., between Dunham Rd & School St., Pleasantville
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John Frederick Wolle (1863-1933)
Organist, composer, and conductor. A major interpreter of J.S. Bach's music. He founded the Bethlehem Bach Festival and conducted the Bach Choir of Bethlehem, 1898-1905 and 1911-1932. Wolle was born and raised here in Main Hall.
85-87 W. Church St. on Moravian College campus, Bethlehem
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John Fritz (1822-1913)
The famed mechanical engineer was superintendent of Johnstown's Cambria Iron Works, 1854-60, & Bethlehem Iron Company, 1860-92. Pioneered in production of rails and armor plate. A Lehigh trustee, he endowed the engineering laboratory here.
E. Packer Ave. at Lehigh's Fritz Engineering Laboratory (Lab 13), across from Webster Ave., Bethlehem
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John G. Parke
Born in this vicinity on Sept. 22, 1827, the noted Army Engineer is remembered chiefly for having set the exact boundary between the Oregon Territory and Canada. His survey, begun in 1857, was halted by service in the Civil War and was not completed until 1869. He later became Supt. of West Point.
Business US 30 at Veterans Hospital, near N Cain Rd., E of Coatesville
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John Hanson "Hance" Steelman (1655-1749) - PLAQUE
Indian trader and interpreter of Maryland and Pennsylvania. First settler in this valley. Born of Swedish parents along the Delaware. This tablet erected by Liberty Twp. and Fairfield Area Bicentennial Cmte. First marker placed in 1924 by the Pennsylvania Historical Commission. 1977
SW corner intersection of Steelman Marker Rd., Crum Rd. (T-111), & Topper Rd. (T-312), just E of Zora
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John Hanson Steelman
Indian trader-interpreter of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and first permanent white settler west of the Susquehanna, lived nearby prior to 1749. He was a descendent of early Swedes on the Delaware.
Near PA 16 & PA 116 junction, betw. Zora & state line (Missing)
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John Harris Ambush - PLAQUE
On October 25, 1755, John Harris, founder of Harrisburg, and a party of 40 men, who came up the river to investigate the (John) Penns Creek Massacre, were ambushed by a party of Indians near the mouth of this creek, at the head of the Isle of Que, about one third of a mile south of this spot.
S Old Trail near Airport Rd. off 522 (iron bridge visible to the W) at Penn's Creek, just N of Selinsgrove (on mount with Penn's Creek Massacre plaque)
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John Harris Mansion
John Harris, Jr., founder of Harrisburg, built this house in 1764-66. It was Simon Cameron's home, 1863-89, and many famous persons visited there. It is now home of The Dauphin County Historical Society.
219 S. Front St. at mansion, Harrisburg
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John Harris' Gift
In 1785, the founder of Harrisburg set aside a four acre lot, now this section of Capitol Park, to be held in trust for the use of the State. The Legislature accepted the gift, 1810, when it voted to make this city the capital.
Capitol Park, 3rd & Walnut Sts., Harrisburg
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John I. Thompson Grain Elevator and Coal Sheds
Erected in 1885 for his son John by Lemont founder Moses Thompson, this complex was a hub of trade for Centre County. Grain was exported and coal imported on the Bellefonte, Nittany, & Lemont Railroad, later part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, contributing to the regional economy. These buildings are rare surviving examples of wooden structures of their kind. Moses Thompson was also a founder of Farmer's High School, now Penn State University.
137 Mt. Nittany Rd., between Mulberry Ln. & Harris Alley, Lemont, across from grain elevator
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John J. McDermott (1891-1971)
In 1911 at the Chicago Golf Club, 19-year-old McDermott became the first American to win the US Open. He successfully defended his title the following year. One of the world's top golfers between 1910 and 1914, he helped to popularize the game in this country. His career was cut short due to illness and he retired in 1914. This is his childhood neighborhood, where he caddied and learned to play at the Aronimink Golf Club, once located here.
Kingsessing Library, 1201 S 51st St., Philadelphia
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John Jacob Leroy - PLAQUE
John Jacob Leroy was killed by the Indians near this spot during the time of the Penns Creek Massacre, October 16, 1755. This was the first act of hostility by the Indians of this province following the defeat of General Edward Braddock, July 9, 1755. A daughter of John Jacob Leroy, Marie, and Barbara Leininger were taken to the Muskingum in Ohio from which they escaped several years later and returned to Philadelphia.
Ridge Rd. (SR 3016) at Dice Rd., ~1 mile E of PA 304, SE of Mifflinburg
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John K. Tener
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1911-1915. Highlights of his administration included creation of statewide primary elections and a state highway system; establishment of the Department of Labor & Industry and Pennsylvania Historical Commission. Member of Congress, 1909-11. Professional baseball player,1885-90; president, National League, 1913-18. Born in Ireland, he came to the U.S. at age nine. Resident of Charleroi after 1891.
7th & Fallowfield Sts., Charleroi
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John M. Phillips (1861-1953)
Creator of the state game land system. Known as the Pennsylvania System, it was a model throughout the nation. Phillips helped establish the Pa. Game Commission. A conservationist, industrialist, and engineer, he was among the first to introduce Boy Scouting in Pa. His home was here.
St. Pius X Byzantine Catholic Church, 2336 Brownsville Rd., Pittsburgh
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John McMillan
First Presbyterian missioner in this area, 1775. Founder of Hill Church, 1776, and of Western Theological Seminary and Jefferson College. He died in 1833, after sixty years in the ministry, and is buried in the churchyard.
Junction of US 19), Rt. 519, & Rt. 980, S of Canonsburg (across from Hill Church)
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John Montgomery Ward (1860-1925)
Baseball pioneer, born in Bellefonte, grew up here. Played for Providence, N.Y. Giants, Brooklyn, 1878-94. Pitched professional baseball's 2nd perfect game, 1880. Formed first players ' union, 1885, & Players' League, 1890. In Baseball Hall of Fame.
236 East Lamb St., at N Ridge St., Bellefonte
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John Morton
Site of the birthplace of John Morton (1724-1777), signer of the Declaration of Independence. As delegate to the Continental Congress, his ballot, with that of Franklin and James Wilson, committed Pennsylvania to the cause of independence by one vote.
420 E. Ridley Ave. near Cresswell St., Ridley Park
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John Nelson (1917-1959)
Chief Steward & President, United Electrical Workers Union Local 506, 1942-1959. Accused of McCarthy-era Communist activity, he was the first union leader fired by General Electric, 1953. He defended workers' civil liberties while UE represented him in court. He died prematurely at 42.
3923 Main St. at Rankine Ave., Lawrence Park section of Erie (at UE Local 506)
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John Nepomuk Maelzel (1772-1838)
German-born inventor and showman; exhibited nearby at Maelzel's Hall, 1826-1831, assisted by Wm. Schlumberger. His Automaton Chess Player (The Turk) was famous for games with Franklin & Napoleon. He patented a metronome; made hearing aids for Beethoven.
NW corner, S 5th St. & St. James Ct., Philadelphia
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John O'Hara
This was the home, from 1916 to 1928, of one of America's best known novelists and short-story writers. Born at Pottsville in 1905, he used this anthracite region as a setting for several of his major works. O'Hara died at Princeton, N.J., in 1970.
606 Mahantongo St., Pottsville
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John Page Nicholson (1842-1922)
A veteran of the Civil War, he was a leading military historian. Editor & compiler of the two-volume Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Active in preservation efforts at Gettysburg & Valley Forge. In 1888, a founder of The Civil War Library & Museum.
1805 Pine St., Philadelphia
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John Penn - PLAQUE
On this site was the home 1766-1771 of John Penn 1729-1795, last Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania. Son of Richard Penn and grandson of William Penn, the Founder. Also the home 1771-1810 of Benjamin Chew, 1722-1810, last Colonial Chief Justice of Pennsylvania.
242 S 3rd St., Philadelphia
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John Philip Boehm (1683-1749)
Founder of the German Reformed Church in Pa., now part of the United Church of Christ. From 1725 to 1740, he established twelve churches, requiring each to adopt a constitution which governed the voting rights of its members and created rules for discipline and money management. This was an early example of democratic governance. He founded his final church here in 1740 and is buried beneath it. The church was named in his honor.
Boehm United Church of Christ, 571 Penllyn-Blue Bell Pk., Blue Bell
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John S. Fine (1893-1978)
Governor of Pennsylvania from 1951 to 1955 after serving as county and state judge. His inauguration was the first to be televised. His administration instituted the first permanent sales tax, ended segregation in the National Guard, and opened the State Police to African Americans. Fine initiated improvements in health care, raising the state's national ranking. He was born in Alden and was a graduate of Nanticoke High School.
400 block of Koskiusko St, Nanticoke
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John S. Fisher
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1927-1931, was born on a farm, 1 mile NE of here, in 1867. He supported an extensive State building program, revised the State fiscal system, and promoted the conservation of natural resources. Died in 1940.
PA 85 just E of Rt. 210 junction and Plumville
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John S. Trower (1849-1911)
One of the wealthiest African Americans of his time, entrepreneur John Trower ran his prominent catering business here. He founded Downingtown Industrial & Agricultural School, a building and loan association for Black homeowners, and he generously donated to Baptist charities.
site of Trower's former business
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John Scull (1765-1828)
Pioneering editor and publisher who issued first edition of Pittsburgh Gazette, 1786. First newspaper west of Alleghenies, it became the Post-Gazette, 1927. A Berks County native, he was active in Western PA's civic affairs; home and print shop were here.
Blvd. of the Allies, just W of Market St., Pittsburgh
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John Siney (1831-1880)
Pioneering labor organizer and leader of the Workingmen's Benevolent Association (WBA) of Schuylkill County, a union of anthracite mineworkers. Formed nearby in 1868, WBA had 20,000 members in 22 districts; secured state mine safety laws and the first labor contract in the industry. Siney was president of the Miners National Association and was active in the Greenback Labor Party.
Claude A Lord Blvd. (Rt. 61) between Russell & Hancock Sts., St. Clair
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John Studebaker
Had his wagon works 2.5 miles SE of here, 1830 to 1836, when he moved west. In 1852 his sons formed the Studebaker Company, the world's largest maker of horse-drawn vehicles and, in 1897, a pioneer in the automobile industry.
Oxford Rd. (SR 1015), just off PA 234, 1/2 mile E of Heidlersburg
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John Summerfield Staples (1845-1888)
In 1864, President Lincoln named this young Stroudsburg man as his "representative recruit" for the Union Army in the Civil War. The U.S. War Department had appealed to citizens ineligible for the draft to furnish recruits, and Lincoln chose to set an example. After a White House meeting with the President on October 1, 1864, Staples served at Arlington, Virginia-one of fewer than 1300 representative recruits enrolled.
Main St. at Dresher Ave., across from cemetery at #1060, Stroudsburg
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John T. Comes (1873-1922)
A nationally influential church architect and a prolific writer and lecturer, Comès was recognized for his philosophy regarding design and decoration of Catholic churches. A Pittsburgh resident, his commissions, including St. Agnes here, are located in Pa. and other states.
St. Agnes Ctr. at Carlow Univ., 3219 5th Ave., Pittsburgh
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John Updike (1932 — 2009)
Two-time Pulitzer Prize winner and one of America’s most noted authors, Updike lived here until age thirteen. He was inspired by his mother, an amateur writer, and his childhood surroundings, which he included in many works over his 50-year career. Best known for his “Rabbit” quartet of novels, Updike was also acclaimed for his short stories and essays. He was honored by two US presidents for his contributions to American literature and culture.
At Updike's boyhood home.
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John W. Coltrane (1926-1967)
A pioneering African-American jazz musician, composer, saxophonist. Coltrane used African and Indian elements to create a distinctive style which at first shocked audiences but ultimately gained wide acceptance. He lived here, 1952-1958.
1511 N 33rd St., Philadelphia
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John W. Geary
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1867-73; born, 1819, in Mt. Pleasant. His active career included other important offices: First Mayor of San Francisco, 1850; Governor of Kansas Territory, 1856; Major General, Civil War. Died, 1873.
S. Diamond St. & Union Alley, at Veterans Park, Mt. Pleasant
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John W. Geary (1819-1873)
Two-term Governor of Pennsylvania, 1867-73. Major General in Civil War. Colonel, 2nd Pa. Regiment in Mexican War. Governor, Kansas Territory. First postmaster & first mayor of San Francisco. His home was a block east at 308 Market Street.
3rd & Bridge Sts., New Cumberland
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John Wallace Jr.
Laid out the present town in 1797 and named it Waynesburg in honor of General Anthony Wayne. In 1831, name changed to Waynesboro. Stone portion of the Wallace house still stands about 200 yards southeast of here.
E. Main St. & Enterprise Ave., Waynesboro
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John Walter
Co-laborer of Jacob Albright in founding of Evangelical Church, born 1791, died 1818, is buried in this cemetery. An effective preacher and hymn writer, he published the first songbook for his church.
Old US 22 W of Ono at cemetery
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John Wanamaker (1838-1922)
Philadelphia merchant, famed for the department stores bearing his name. In 1861 he opened his first store. He built his "new kind of store" here in 1876 and implemented new concepts including the one-price system & money-back guarantee. Active in public life, he built schools, churches, and missions in this and other nations. As U.S. Postmaster General, 1889-93, he fostered rural free delivery and introduced the commemorative stamp.
S 13th & Market Sts., Philadelphia
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John William Heisman (1869-1936)
Renowned college football coach and name-sake for the sport's highest amateur honor, the Heisman Memorial Trophy. His innovations included legalizing the forward pass, the center snap, the scoreboard, and game quarters. Heisman promoted player safety by advocating gear improvements and rule revisions. A founder of the American Football Coaches Association, he grew up in Titusville and played football near his father's local oil cooperage.
adjacent to Carter Field, Central Ave. & Brown St., Titusville
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Johnny Appleseed
John Chapman, an actual person as well as a folk hero, lived nearby along French Creek between 1797 and 1804. Records indicate he had a nursery there and one near Warren, Pa., before moving on to Ohio. Born 1774 in Massachusetts, he died in Indiana, 1845.
13th St. (US 322) & Franklin Ave., at bridge over French Creek, Franklin
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Johnny Unitas (1933-2002)
Pittsburgh native & Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee, 1979. Here Unitas quarterbacked semi-pro Bloomfield Rams to a Steel Bowl Football Conference championship, 1955. Signed with Baltimore Colts, 1956, leading them to an NFL championship, 1958.
Arsenal Middle School Field, 40th and Butler Sts., Lawrenceville section, Pittsburgh
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Johnny Weissmuller
Champion swimmer and motion picture hero. Best known as star of a dozen "Tarzan" films produced for MGM and RKO, 1932-1948. He earlier won fame as a swimmer: developed the "American crawl," set 67 world records, and won five gold medals in the 1924 and 1928 Olympics. He lived in Windber as a child before his family moved to Chicago; returned here for special visits in later years.
Graham Ave. (PA 160) at Jefferson Ave. Extension & 17th St., Windber
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Johnston House
Wm. F. Johnston, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1848-52, was born near here, 1808. This house, built by his father, 1815, was his boyhood home. Known as Kingston House, it has been cited as a fine example of colonial style.
at site (and Lincoln Hwy. Heritage Corridor), US 30 near Rt. 217 intersection, S of Latrobe
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Johnston Tavern
Kept by Arthur Johnston; licensed in 1827. Present building erected in 1831. Served travelers on the Pittsburgh-Mercer road, and stood conveniently near Springfield Furnace, in operation after 1837.
US 19 (across from 1561 Perry Hwy.), near Dydek's Lane, N of Leesburg
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Johnstown
Named for Joseph Johns, the pioneer settler in 1793. Pennsylvania Canal-Portage R.R. terminal opened 1834. Birthplace of steel industry in U.S. William Kelly developed the converter type blast furnace in 1857-58. Steel rails rolled in 1867.
William Penn Ave. (SR 3037) at N Johnstown city line (Missing)
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Johnstown Flood
The breast of South Fork Dam which broke the night of May 31, 1889, to cause the historic flood is a short distance away. The remains of the dam can be observed.
Rager's Hill Rd. & Rt. 869, near Rt. 219, 1 mile S of South Fork
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Johnstown Flood
On May 31, 1889, a wall of water and wreckage 35 feet high traveled 14 miles from the broken South Fork Dam, destroying more than 1,600 homes and claiming 2,209 lives. Public and private efforts from across America helped Johnstown to rebuild.
Johnstown Festival Park - 28 Johns St., at Johnstown Greenway Trail
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Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project
Built (1938-1943) and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Pittsburgh District), the JLFPP reflects the 1930s move toward a major federal role in local flood protection. This concrete-paved channel project, extending 9.2 miles along Johnstown's three rivers, became the nation's second largest flood control of its type. In its first 50 years, the only flooding here in 1977, during the modern flood of record.
Washington St. NW of Johns St., across from Point Park entrance, Johnstown
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Johnsville Naval Air Development Center
This site was acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II from the Brewster Aircraft Corporation; it served as a strategic locale for weapons development and testing of modern aircraft. Later, it was a training facility for America's Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs.
E Street Rd., 200 yds. N of Newton Rd., Warminster
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Jonathan Jasper Wright (1840-1885)
Jurist, educator, politician. The son of runaway slaves, Wright became the first black lawyer in Pennsylvania. He supported Frederick Douglass in advocating suffrage and legal equality for blacks. During Reconstruction in 1870, he was appointed South Carolina State Supreme Court justice, the first African American United States Appellate Judge. Wright's boyhood home was here in Springville.
PA 29 & Cemetery St. (T361), Springville
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Joseph A. "Jock" Yablonski (1910-1969)
A longtime resident of California and elected official of the United Mine Workers of America. He led efforts to improve working conditions for coal miners. On December 31, 1969--shortly after his defeat as a reform candidate for president of the UMW--he, his wife Margaret, and their daughter Charlotte were assassinated. In 1972, reformers were elected to leadership of the UMW.
3rd & Wood Sts., California
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Joseph and Amy Cassey (1789-1848)/(1809-56)
This prominent, wealthy African American abolitionist couple founded intellectual and benevolent societies for blacks. Dealing in real estate, Joseph provided rentals and loans to both blacks and whites at his barbershop here. Amy was active in the Female Anti-Slavery Soc.
S 4th St. between Chestnut and Market, Philadelphia.
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Joseph Armstrong
Settled here on land applied for in 1737 and warranted 1752. Member of the Assembly 1750-55. Captain of militia 1755 and in Pennsylvania Regiment 1756-57. Died 1761. Home used in 1757 as a ranging station for troops in the French and Indian War and during Pontiac's War in 1763-64.
Apple Way (SR 4010) at Coble Rd. near Edenville
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Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844)
The elder brother of Napoleon and deposed king of Naples & Spain lived here, 1815,-1816. The house was built about 1813. During Joseph's occupancy here, this was a gathering place for Bonapartist refugees & other French nationals.
260 S 9th Street, Philadelphia
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Joseph Elliot - PLAQUE
Second in command at the Battle of Lime Hill April 14, 1782. He killed the Indian who shot Mrs. Franklin and rescued three of her four stolen children. He was in the engagement at Trenton December 25, 1776 and was presented with a sword by General George Washington for bravery. He broke from the Indians at the Bloody Rock, Wyoming Massace, and swam the Susquehanna River with a bullet in his shoulder and escaped to Wilkes-Barre.
Lime Hill, US 6, W of Wyalusing
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Joseph Hiester
Revolutionary soldier, Congressman, Governor 1820-1823, lived in the Hiester Mansion. Now a part of the Berks County Welfare Farm.
Bernville Rd. (PA 183) at Upper Van Reed Rd., near Leinbachs
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Joseph Huston (1866-1940)
Oaks Cloister, built in 1900, was the home and studio of Philadelphia born Huston, architect of the PA Capitol. His Tudor home incorporates architectural elements and artwork by many capitol artists. He began his career with Furness and Evans, starting his firm in 1895.
5829 Wissahickon Ave., Germantown, Philadelphia
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Joseph Priestley
The noted English scientist, discoverer of oxygen, and Unitarian theologian lived in Northumberland, 1794 to 1804. His home and laboratory along the river are now a Priestley memorial and museum.
US 11 in median, at Weis warehouse, just NE of Northumberland
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Joseph Priestley
The noted English scientist, discoverer of oxygen, and Unitarian theologian lived in Northumberland, 1794 to 1804. His home and laboratory along the river are now a Priestley memorial and museum.
Duke St. (PA 147) at 10th St., Northumberland
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Joseph Priestley House
Home, 1794-1804, of the noted English scientist. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
472 Priestley Ave., Northumberland
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Joseph Reid Gas Engine Company
Founded in Oil City, 1894, it produced engines for pumping oil wells. Its popular single piston engine was used worldwide by the oil industry. The company closed in 1939.
Elm St. S of Duncomb (at PennDOT), Oil City
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Joseph Ridgway Grundy (1863-1961)
Widely regarded as a key figure in state and national Republican Party politics, he advocated pro-business, low tax, and high tariff policies. An influential industrialist, publisher, banker, lobbyist, and politician, he founded the Pa. Manufacturers Association, 1909, and was US Senator, 1929-1930. His legacy of philanthropy continues through The Grundy Foundation, Library, and Museum.
610-680 Radcliffe St., Bristol
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Joseph Ritner
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1835-1839, lies buried in this cemetery. Born, 1780, in Berks County; died, 1869, at Carlisle. He was noted for having put into practical operation the law of 1834, which established the public school system.
US 11, 6 miles SW of Carlisle
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Joseph Simon (1712-1804)
Jewish pioneer and merchant, Simon played a significant role in the development of central and western PA. He participated in expeditions as far as the Mississippi, and helped establish Lancaster as a center for exploration, trade & settlement. During the American Revolution, Simon supplied the Continental Army with arms and equipment. Simon's home near here was one of the first centers of Jewish worship west of Philadelphia.
W Orange & N Queen Sts., Lancaster
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Joseph Smith
Founder of Mormonism, once lived a few miles East of here prior to 1830. Much of the translation of the "Golden Plates" for the Book of Mormon is said to have been done there. Site now owned by the Church of Latter Day Saints.
US 11 near I-81 interchange, between Great Bend & Hallstead
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Joseph Smith
The founder of Mormonism lived in this vicinity about 1825-29. His infant son is buried in this cemetery. Much of the translation of the "Golden Plates" for the Book of Mormon was done at a house nearby.
PA 171 at cemetery, near T840, W of Oakland
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Joseph T. Rothrock
Conservationist, father of the State Forest idea in Pennsylvania, lived in this house from 1876 until his death in 1922. He pioneered in the development of forest fire control, reforestation, and scientific forestry.
NW corner, N Church St. & W Lafayette St., West Chester
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Joseph T. Rothrock
Born here April 9, 1839. Conservationist and father of the State Forest idea in Pennsylvania. Pioneer in development of forest fire control, reforestation, and scientific forestry.
US 22/522 between Holiday St. & Furnace Rd., McVeytown
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Joseph Winters
African American inventor who secured a U.S. patent for the first fire escape ladder and hose conductor in 1878. In 1879 Winters was issued a second U.S. patent for improvements to the original invention. Winters was active in the Underground Railroad. He resided in Chambersburg.
Junior Hose and Truck Company #2, 130 N Second St., Chambersburg
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Joshua (Josh) Gibson (1911-1947)
Hailed as Negro leagues' greatest slugger, he hit some 800 home runs in a baseball career that began here at Ammons Field in 1929. Played for Homestead Grays and Pittsburgh Crawfords, 1930-46. Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, ' 72.
2217 Bedford Ave., Hill District (Pittsburgh)
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Joshua Humphrey
Designer of the frigate Constitution, "Old Ironsides," lived 1803-38 in the Pont Reading House, which stands opposite. The present house was built at dates from 1683 to 1813.
Haverford Rd., At Ardmore Junction Stn., between Hathaway Ln. & Woodcrest Ave., near Haverford
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Joshua M. Merrill (1828-1904)
Lead chemist and manager of Downer Oil Works, built nearby in 1862 following discovery of oil near Titusville. Merrill's refining breakthroughs included an illuminating oil safer than kerosene for use on railroads and steamships and in factories. He also developed deodorized lubricating oils for machinery, opening new world markets in the late 1860s. Merrill was an award recipient at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia.
Between 19 and 37 N Center St. (Rt. 426), Corry
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Joshua Meeks (1731-1818)
A militia captain during the American Revolution and civic leader in the early republic, Meeks was a petitioner to create Allegheny County in 1787. While making his living as a farmer, he took up arms to defend western Pa. during conflict and war. Meeks championed democratic ideals, promoting citizenship and patriotism by opening his home as a fort, a polling place, and a school. The Meeks house, which stood nearby, was razed in 2000.
along Beaver Grade Rd. at entrance to Forest Glen Condos, Moon Twp.
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Joshua Pusey
In 1892, inventor Pusey received a U.S. patent for the paper matchbook. Three years later he sold his patent to the Diamond Match Company, and soon millions of matchbooks were being produced each year. A Civil War veteran and longtime Philadelphia attorney, Pusey was awarded nearly 40 patents during his life. Descendant of an old Quaker family, he lived here at "Maple Linden" after 1889.
425 N Middletown Rd. (PA 352), Lima
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Julia C. Collins (? - 1865)
Essayist, teacher, and author, her work, The Curse of Caste, is considered to be among the first published novels by an African American woman. In 1865, it was serialized in the African Methodist Episcopal Christian Recorder, a publication with nationwide circulation. Her life and writings provide a glimpse into the rarely documented experiences of nineteenth-century African American women, their families, and their communities.
Susq. River Walk & Timber Heritage Trail, near Market St. Bridge, Williamsport
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Julian Francis Abele (1881-1950)
The first Black graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Architecture, Abele was the chief designer for the nationally known architectural firm of Horace Trumbauer, whose commissions during Abele's career included the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Free Library of Philadelphia on Logan Square.
At Philadelphia Museum of Art steps, 26th & Franklin Pkwy.
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Jumonville Defeat
Three miles to the north, the French and Indian War began, on May 28, 1754, when a force of Virginians and Indians led by Col. George Washington defeated a French party under Jumonville, who was killed.
US 40 approximately 6 miles SE of Uniontown at Summit (Missing)
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Juniata County
Formed on March 2, 1831 from Mifflin County. Named for the Juniata River, and noted for its scenery and wildlife. Indian trails, turnpike, canal and railroad made the area a major route for trade and travel. Mifflintown, county seat, was incorporated 1833.
At County Courthouse, Bridge St. across from Minnick Ln., Mifflintown
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Juniata Iron
Along the streams of this region are ruins of many charcoal iron furnaces and forges built between 1790 and 1850 that produced some of the highest quality iron in the nation. The reign of Juniata Iron ended with the rise of coal and coke iron-making. Nearby Springfield Furnace, in operation from 1820-84, produced this type of iron, as did 11 others in Morrison Cove. Royer Mansion, built here in 1815, was ironmaster Samuel Royer's home.
at Royer Mansion, 3909 Piney Creek Rd. (Rt.866), ~5 miles S of Williamsburg
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Juniata Iron
Along the streams of this region are ruins of many charcoal iron furnaces and forges built between 1790-1850. Juniata iron was the best in America. Its reign ended with the rise of coal and coke iron making.
Alt. 220 near Boyd Rd., N of US 322/220, ~1.8 miles NE of Port Matilda
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Juniata Iron
Along the streams of this region are ruins of many charcoal iron furnaces and forges built between 1790-1850. Juniata iron was the best in America. Its reign ended with the rise of coal and coke iron making.
US 522, ~1 mile S of Orbisonia
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Juniata Iron
Along the streams of this region are ruins of many charcoal iron furnaces and forges built between 1790-1850. Juniata iron was the best in America. Its reign ended with the rise of coal and coke iron making.
Wm. Penn Hwy. (US 22) just E of Birmingham Pk. (PA 453), Water Street (town name)
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Juniata Iron
Along the streams of this region are ruins of many charcoal iron furnaces and forges built between 1790-1850. Juniata iron was the best in America. Its reign ended with the rise of coal and coke iron making.
U.S. 22 & 522 at Strodes Mills, 4.9 miles SW of Lewistown
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K. Leroy Irvis (1916-2006)
Member of Pa. House of Reps., serving 15 consecutive terms. In 1977 he became the first African American Speaker of a state legislature since the era of Reconstruction, and was the state's longest serving Speaker. He was influential in enacting 264 bills including establishment of the Pa. Human Relations Commission and laws enhancing equal access to education. Active in state and national Democratic Party politics, his office was here.
2170 Centre Ave., Hill Dist., Pittsburgh
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Kahal Kodosh Mikveh Israel
In 1782 this congregation built Philadelphia's first synagogue at this site. Established about 1740, it had first worshiped in rented quarters here. The congregation built a larger synagogue 1824, and has been elsewhere in the city since 1860.
313 Cherry St. at Orianna St., Philadelphia
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Karthaus Furnace
Near here stood the iron furnace erected 1817 by Peter Karthaus. Rebuilt 1836 by Peter Ritner and John Say, it became in 1839 one of the earliest to use coke in place of charcoal. Abandoned at the end of the same year.
Market St. (PA 879) near Park Ave., Karthaus
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Katharine Drexel (1858-1955)
Catholic religious founder and missionary. She used her family's fortune to fund mission schools and churches for Native and African Americans. She professed her vows in 1891, founded her own order, the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, and directed it for over 40 years. Drexel's ministries addressed social inequities and provided quality education to minorities at schools like Holy Providence School here. She was canonized in 2000.
At Natl. Shrine of St. Katherine Drexel, 1663 Bristol Pike, Bensalem (near steps and walkway to chapel entrance accessed off Gravel Pk./Langstroth Ln.)
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Keith Allen Haring
A prolific 1980s Neo-Pop artist from Kutztown, Haring gained international attention by making graffiti-inspired chalk drawings in NYC subways. His artwork, featuring prominent lines, bold colors, and energized figures, addressed sociopolitical issues such as gay pride, HIV/AIDS awareness, environmentalism, and racism. In 1989, he created a foundation to continue his legacy and philosophy that “art is for everybody.”
Outside of the Kutztown Area Historical Society (212 S. Whiteoak Street, Kutztown, PA 19530) on the Normal Avenue side of the building
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Keith House
Built 1722 by Sir William Keith, Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania, 1717-1726. Also called Graeme Park, for Dr. Thomas Graeme, owner after 1737.
At Graeme Park, County Line Rd., 1 mile NW of PA 611, Hatboro
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Kelpius Community
In 1694, German mystic Johannes Kelpius and his followers established a community near here in response to William Penn's offer of religious freedom. Members of the "Hermits of the Wissahickon" produced poetry and music, practiced astronomy and botany, and made an early pipe organ, as they awaited the millenium. They welcomed all ethnic groups and Native Americans. The community gradually dissolved after Kelpius died in 1708.
Hermit Ln. near Henry Ave., Fairmount Park, Philadelphia
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Kennedy-Nixon Taft-Hartley Debate
On April 21, 1947, John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon debated the Taft-Hartley Labor-Management Relations Act at the Penn-McKee Hotel. The first debate between the two House Labor Committee members was a precursor to the iconic Kennedy-Nixon presidential debate of 1960.
122 Fifth Ave., McKeesport
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Kennywood Park
A National Historic Landmark, designated 1987. In 1898 a picnic grove on Anthony Kenny's farm here was leased to the Monongahela Street Railway Co. for an amusement park linked to Pittsburgh by its trolley line. Sold to private interests in 1906, the park was to survive a Depression, recessions, and two World Wars. Years after most other "trolley parks" had closed, Kennywood was still thriving.
4800 Kennywood Boulevard behind park office, West Mifflin
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Keyser Creek
At this point was established the first white settlement in Lackawanna County. In 1769, Timothy Keys, Solomon Hocksey, Andrew Hickman built homes here. In July, 1778, Keys and others were slain by Indians. The Creek is named for Keys.
331 N Main St. (SR 3013), 200 yds from Taylor Profess. Plaza, near guardrail, Taylor
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Kidd's Mill Covered Bridge
Built in 1868, spanning the Shenango River. The only remaining bridge in Pennsylvania with an all-wooden truss design patented by Robert Smith of Tippecanoe City, Ohio. The last historic covered bridge in Mercer County, extending 120 feet in length and restored in 1990.
SR 4012 at Kidd's Mill Rd. (Kidd's Mill State Park), 5 miles S of Greenville
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Kier Refinery
Using a five-barrel still, Samuel M. Kier erected on this site about 1854 the first commercial refinery to produce illuminating oil from petroleum. He used crude oil from salt wells at Tarentum.
small park near Chatham/Bigelow Sq., betw. Bigelow Blvd. & 7th Ave., Pittsburgh
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Kilpatrick Headquarters
On June 30, 1863, Gen. Kilpatrick, commanding the Third Division of the Union Cavalry, took headquarters in this building after part of his forces had been attacked by Confederate Cavalry SE of town.
NW section of Square, Hanover
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King Beaver's Town
Present Beaver perpetuates the name of a Delaware chief and of his village near here. Its location along the Ohio-Beaver River trails gave it importance in the fur trade.
Pa. 68 (3rd St.) at Wilson Ave., Beaver
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Kinzua
The mouth of this creek was a favored spot of the Seneca for spearing fish. Name is taken from the Iroquois word, genzo waa, literally, "fish up there," and refers to a wooden fish stuck on top a pole.
PA 59 at Kinzua (MISSING)
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Kinzua Viaduct
Originally begun in 1881 for the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad to ship coal, lumber, and oil, it was once the world's highest and longest rail viaduct. Rebuilt in 1900 to carry heavier loads, it was in service until 1959. Kinzua Bridge State Park was created here in 1963. In 2003 an F-1 tornado partially destroyed the viaduct. Remaining towers were restored and the skywalk constructed in 2011.
Kinzua Bridge State Park Visitor's Ctr., Viaduct Rd. off Lindholm Rd. (SR 3011), Hamlin Twp., 3.5 miles NE of Mount Jewett
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Kittanning
The most notable Delaware Indian village west of the Alleghenies, was situated here from about 1730 until destroyed by Armstrong's expedition in 1756. Its name means "great river", applying to the Ohio-Allegheny.
Butler Rd. (Bus. Rt. 422) & Allegheny Ave., at Kittanning Citizens Bridge, Applewold
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Kittanning
The most notable Delaware Indian village west of the Alleghenies, was situated here from about 1730 until destroyed by Armstrong's expedition in 1756. Its name means "great river", applying to the Ohio-Allegheny.
US Bus. 422 (S Water Street), at PennDOT highway garage, SE end of Kittanning
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Kittanning or Attique Indian Town - PLAQUE
...Was located on this river flat. The chief settlement as early as 1727 of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians in their early westward movement from the Susquehanna River became the most important Indian center west of the Allegheny Mountains. Destroyed September 8, 1756 by Colonel John Armstrong and his 300 frontier troops from the Cumberland Valley.
At park on E bank of Allegheny River, at Kittaning Citizens Bridge, NW corner of N Water & Market Sts., Kittanning
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Knowlton
Country house designed by Frank Furness (1839-1912), one of the 19th century's most innovative architects. Built in 1881 for banker William Rhawn, its design captured the spirit of the Victorian age and set new standards for domestic architecture.
8001 Verree Rd., Philadelphia
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Knox Mine Disaster
On January 22, 1959, twelve men died in a tragic accident at the River Slope Mine near this site. The mine had been illegally excavated beneath the Susquehanna River at the direction of the Knox Coal Company. When the force of the ice-laden river broke the thin layer of rock, over ten billion gallons of water flowed through this and other mines. This disaster ended deep mining in much of the Wyoming Valley.
at former St. Joseph's Cath. Church on Main St., Port Griffith, Jenkins Twp. (next to local meml. stone)
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Kuskuskies Towns
Of this group of towns, the last one occupied by the Indians stood near here in 1785, when Gen. Wm. Irvine toured the Donation Lands just before their division into tracts given to Revolutionary soldiers.
Junction US 224 (W State) & PA 551 (Jackson Rd.), Edinburg
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Kuskuskies Towns
Important group of Indian towns on and near site of present New Castle. First inhabited by Senecas; but after 1756 settled chiefly by Delawares from eastern Pennsylvania. Abandoned during Revolutionary War.
Montgomery Ave. (SR 18) & Mt. Jackson Rd. (SR 108), SW of New Castle
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Kuskusky Path
Hunters, traders, warriors, militia, war captives, and diplomats all used this early Native American path, which passed this location, for most of the 1700s as part of a regional network of trails. It provided a direct route between Fort Duquesne/Fort Pitt, a major trade center, and the Delaware Indian community of Kuskusky, now New Castle. Europeans who began moving into the area built homes and churches adjacent to the path by 1800.
2500 Brandt School Rd., at Trinity Luth. Church, Wexford (Franklin Park)
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Lackawanna County
Formed August 13, 1878 from Luzerne County, it was Pennsylvania's 67th and last county created. The name is an Indian word meaning "stream that forks." Scranton, the county seat, was made a city, 1866. It became the anthracite coal mining capital of the world.
512 Spruce St., (betw. N Washington Ave. & Dix Ct.) Courthouse Sq., Scranton
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Lackawanna Iron
Iron was forged in Slocum Hollow by 1797. Nearby are remains of Lackawanna Iron Co. works begun 1840 by Scranton and associates. Iron rails for the Erie R.R. were made here, 1847. Steelmaking begun in 1875. Closed in 1902.
at Scranton Iron Furnace, Cedar Ave. near Lackawanna Ave., (across from Gen. Dynamics) Scranton
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Lafayette
On May 19-20, 1778, Lafayette, in his first independent command, occupied this position during reconnaissance with 2,000 troops, which were driven off by Howe's overwhelming British forces. On Howe's departure, Lafayette reoccupied Barren Hill until his recall to Valley Forge on May 23.
Ridge Pike, across from Barren Hill Rd. (SR3011), E of Conshohocken
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Lafayette
Here stood the George Frederick Beckel house, 1762-1872, famed as the place where General Lafayette convalesced from a leg wound suffered at the Battle of Brandywine, 1777. Beckel was then superintendent of the community farm here in Bethlehem.
534 Main St., near W Walnut St., Bethlehem
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Lafayette College Founding
At White's Hotel near here, on Dec. 27, 1824, local citizens gathered to found Lafayette College. One of their leaders, James Madison Porter, had recently met Lafayette during the French general's well-received American tour of 1824-25, that revived widespread patriotic sentiments about American independence. The College is one of the principal US memorials to this statesman and military leader instrumental in our nation's birth.
NE corner of center square, Easton
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Lafayette-Lehigh Football Game
First played in 1884 at Lafayette College, it is recognized by the NCAA as college football's most played rivalry. The teams have met more than 150 times. The game has been covered in national publications such as Sports Illustrated and the New York Times and featured on ESPN.
Lafayette College quad in front of Kirby House, Easton
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
US 30 E at Lancaster (Missing)
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
US 230 W at Lancaster (Missing)
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
US 30 W at Lancaster (Missing)
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
PA 72 N of Lancaster (Missing)
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
US 222 S at Lancaster (MISSING)
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Lancaster
Oldest inland town in the United States, laid out in 1730. Borough chartered in 1742. State Capital, 1799-1812. Congress met here in 1777 for a day. Lancaster is as rich in historic sites as in trade and industry.
PA 501 N of Lancaster (MISSING)
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Lancaster County
Formed on May 10, 1729 out of Chester County. Named for Lancashire, England. County seat, Lancaster, was laid out in 1730 and chartered a city in 1818. It was the State capital, 1799-1812. County is noted for its rich farmland and ethnic diversity.
Old Courthouse, N. Duke St., just N of King, Lancaster
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Lancaster County Courthouse
Old courthouse stood in the center of this square, 1739-1853. Here Continental Congress met for a day, Sept. 27, 1777, thus making Lancaster one of the capitals of the United States.
SW section of Square, Lancaster (Missing)
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Lane House
Built by Thomas Lane. Was later occupied by the family of Elliott Lane, a brother. Here, in 1830, Harriet Lane, niece of James Buchanan and mistress of the White House during his Presidency, was born.
16 N. Main St., Mercersburg
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Langhorne Speedway
Opened in 1926, this circular one-mile dirt track was known as the "Big Left Turn." It hosted a NASCAR inaugural race in 1949. Notable drivers Doc Mackenzie, Joie Chitwood, Rex Mays, Lee Petty, Dutch Hoag, A.J. Foyt, and Mario Andretti raced here in stock, midget, sprint, and Indy cars. Langhorne was reshaped as a "D" and paved in 1965. The National Open Championship run here was regarded as the "Indy of the East." Final race was held in 1971.
1939 E Lincoln Hwy., Langhorne (at car dealer)
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Last Confederate Bivouac
A Confederate force under General Bradley T. Johnson camped here July 31, 1864, after raiding and burning Chambersburg. They were the last Confederates to camp on Pennsylvania soil. General William W. Averell’s Union calvary pursued Johnson’s and McCausland’s brigades and routed the Confederates at the Battle of Moorefield in WV on August 7, 1864. That victory marked the beginning of Union dominance in the Shenandoah Valley.  
Great Cove Rd. (US 522) at Confederate Rd., ~.5 mile S of McConnellsburg 39.9205, -78.00637
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Last Confederate Bivouac - Marker retired and replaced with 2021HM00033
A Confederate force under General Bradley T. Johnson camped here July 31, 1864, after raiding and burning Chambersburg. They were the last Confederates to camp on Pennsylvania soil. General William W. Averell’s Union calvary pursued Johnson’s and McCausland’s brigades and routed the Confederates at the Battle of Moorefield in WV on August 7, 1864. That victory marked the beginning of Union dominance in the Shenandoah Valley.
Great Cove Rd. (US 522) at Confederate Rd., ~.5 mile S of McConnellsburg
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Last Confederate Bivouac - Plaque Retired
General Bradley T. Johnson of the Confederate Army encamped 20 rods west of this marker at the Patterson home July 31, 1864 after the burning of Chambersburg. This was the last Confederate bivouac north of the Mason and Dixon line.
Great Cove Rd. (US 522) at Confederate Rd., ~.5 mile S of McConnellsburg
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Lattimer Massacre
Near here at Harwood, on Sept. 10, 1897, immigrant coal miners on strike began a march for higher wages and equal rights. Unarmed, they were fired upon at Lattimer by sheriff's deputies. Nineteen marchers--Polish, Slovak, and Lithuanian--were killed. The majority of the dead were buried in St. Stanislaus Cemetery, Hazleton. Others were interred in St. Joseph's & Vine Street Cemeteries, Hazleton, and in St. Patrick Cemetery, McAdoo.
S side of PA 924, .3 miles S of I-81 interchange, Harwood (at Harwood Mines)
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Lattimer Massacre
Here on September 10, 1897, nearly 400 immigrant coal miners on strike were met and fired upon by sheriff's deputies. Unarmed, they were marching from Harwood to Lattimer in support of higher wages and more equitable working conditions. Nineteen of the marchers were killed, and 38 were wounded. This was one of the most serious acts of violence in American labor history.
Lattimer Rd. (T5550) & Quality Rd. (T336), just E of Lattimer Crossroads, N of Hazleton
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Laughlin Mill
Grist mill built about 1763 by William Laughlin. Owned by his family until 1896. Preserved by Ethel T. McCarthy. The oldest such structure remaining in this region.
Carlisle Newvile Rd. (PA 641) & Laughlin Mill Rd. at E end of Newville
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Laura Wheeler Waring (1887-1948)
A Black portraitist who lived here, Waring studied art in this city and in France. She headed the Art Department, Cheyney State College, and her works are part of the National Portrait Gallery and other major collections.
756 N 43rd St., Philadelphia
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Laurel Hill Cemetery
Founded in 1836 and designed by Scottish architect John Notman, this was the nation's second major rural cemetery. With its rolling landscape, horticultural plantings, and eclectic architecture, it offered a romantic alternative to the crowded urban environment. Overlooking the Schuylkill River, 3.5 miles north of center-city, it had grown by 1861 to 78 acres. This cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998.
3822 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia
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Laurel Hill State Park
One of five Recreational Demonstration Areas created in Pa. by the National Park Service during the Great Depression to improve land use. Between 1935 and 1941, workers from the CCC and WPA New Deal programs built roads, buildings, and sites here to support many types of recreation. Laurel Hill is the most intact RDA in Pa., retaining examples of all of its original property types. The park continues its legacy of conservation begun in 1935.
At entrance to park.
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Lawrence County
Formed March 20, 1849 from Beaver and Mercer counties. Its name honors naval hero Capt. James Lawrence. County seat, New Castle, was laid out in 1802. Between 1890 and 1920 it was one of America's fastest growing cities and center of the tin-plate industry.
Lawrence Co. Court Hs., 430 Court St., New Castle
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Lawunakhannek
Name of Indian mission near here, at which the first Protestant church building west of the Allegheny Mountains was built by Zeisberger in 1769. Term is Delaware word meaning "northerly stream place."
US 62 between Wheeler Ln. and Anderson Farms Rd., .2 mile N of East Hickory
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Lazaretto Quarantine Station
A rare surviving example of a quarantine station, the Lazaretto was the introduction to America for many immigrants. Established in 1799 in reaction to a yellow fever epidemic, it operated until 1893 to inspect cargo and passengers for infectious diseases. Affected cargo was fumigated or destroyed and ill passengers were hospitalized and quarantined until recovery or death. The cemetery was here and original structures remain nearby.
At fire station, E 2nd St. between Printz & Lagrange Aves., Essington
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Leap-The-Dips Roller Coaster
Built here in 1902 by E. Joy Morris of Philadelphia, it was among some 250 side-friction figure eight roller coasters in North America. It became the last known ride of this type and the world's oldest known operating roller coaster. A National Historic Landmark.
Lakemont Park 700 Park Ave., Altoona
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Lebanon County
Formed on February 16, 1813 from Dauphin and Lancaster counties. Named for old Lebanon Township, originally created 1729. Lebanon, county seat, is dated from 1740. Early settlers began the building of a rich agricultural and religious heritage.
County-Municipal Bldg., 400 S. 8th St., Lebanon
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Lee Massacre
Major John Lee and his entire family, with the exception of a son Robert, were massacred near here by an Indian war party of August 16, 1782.
Westbranch Hwy. (US 15) just S of PA 304, Winfield
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Legionville
Gen. Anthony Wayne's army camped here Nov. 1792 to April 1793, preparing for the campaign which led to the Battle of Fallen Timbers with the Northwest Indians.
Duss Ave. at Anthony Wayne Dr., N of Ambridge
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Lehigh County
Formed March 6, 1812 from part of Northampton County and named for the Lehigh River. Home of George Taylor, signer of Declaration of Independence. County seat of Allentown sheltered the Liberty Bell during occupation of Philadelphia, 1777-1778.
Old Courthouse, 5th & Hamilton Sts., Allentown
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Lehigh Path
Until about 1800, a Native American footpath passed through here. It was one of several linking Indian villages in the Delaware and Susquehanna River drainage systems. This path originated at the Forks of the Delaware River (near Easton) and proceeded northwestward to Wyoming (near Wilkes-Barre) on the Susquehanna. The path's steep mountains were used by the Lenni-Lenape and Susquehannock.
Honey Hole Rd., 5 mi. E of PA 309, in Nescopeck State Park (trail pking. lot), Drums
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Lehigh University
Founded here in 1865 by the Hon. Asa Packer, one of the country's early industrialists and philanthropists, and chartered in 1866 by the Commonwealth, Lehigh soon became a leader in combining the study of liberal arts with technical and scientific education.
Off PA 412 in Bethlehem, W. Packer Ave. at Broadhead Ave. (Missing)
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Lehigh-Lafayette Football Game
First played in 1884 at Lafayette College, it is recognized by the NCAA as college football's most played rivalry. The teams have met more than 150 times. The game has been covered in national publications such as Sports Illustrated and the New York Times and featured on ESPN.
Lehigh Univ. at Rauch Bus. Ctr., Packer Ave. & Taylor St., Bethlehem
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Leidy Natural Gas Boom
Against expert advice, Dorcie Calhoun drilled Leidy Township's first successful deep gas well about a quarter-mile south of here. On January 8, 1950, the well hit natural gas at a depth of 5,659 feet, and for a time it brought up an estimated 15 million cubic feet per day. This news attracted national attention, and within months more than 30 companies and independents were drilling here before production ceased.
Kettle Creek Rd. (SR 4001) just W of the Leidy Bridge over Kettle Creek (Spice Wood Run Rd.), Leidy Twp.
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Leiper Railway
Built, 1809-10, by Thomas Leiper; surveyed by John Thomson. It was the first railway in Pennsylvania, and the first in America to be surveyed. The railway was used to transport stone from quarries on Crum Creek to the landing on Ridley Creek, a distance of 3/4 mile. It crossed the highway here.
Bullens Ln. (SR 2008) & Glen Rd., near S Providence Rd. (PA 320), Nether Providence Twp.
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Lemon House
Built in 1830 by Samuel Lemon. Standing at head of Plane No. 6 of Allegheny Portage Railroad, it served for many years as a station and as a resting place for travelers. House is visible 75 yards north of highway.
Adm. Peary Hwy. (old U.S. 22) E of Cresson at county line
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LeMoyne Crematory
This crematory, the first in the United States, was built in 1876 by Dr. Francis LeMoyne. From 1876 to 1900, there were 42 cremations. Dr. LeMoyne lies buried here.
Opposite 815 S. Main St. (SR 2001), S end of Washington
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LeMoyne House
Built, 1812, by Dr. John LeMoyne. For many years, home of his son Dr. Francis LeMoyne, noted abolitionist, and builder of first crematory in U.S. Now the home of the Washington County Historical Society.
49 E. Maiden St., Washington
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Leopold Stokowski (1882-1977)
Visionary music director of The Philadelphia Orchestra, 1912-1941, who possessed a unique combination of musical genius and charisma. He created the “Philadelphia Sound” and promoted classical music to a wide audience in the Disney film Fantasia and hundreds of recordings. 
At Academy of Music
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Leroy Massacre
Near here John Jacob Leroy was killed by Indians on Oct. 16, 1755, following the Penn's Creek Massacre. This was the first Indian hostility in the region after Braddock's defeat.
Timberwolves Meml. Hwy. (PA 104), ~1 mile S of Mifflinburg
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Les Brown
Born in Reinerton, Les Brown enjoyed a 70-year career in American popular music, conducting his famous "Band of Renown" and helping launch the career of Doris Day with the number one hit Sentimental Journey; long-time bandleader for Bob Hope and Dean Martin.
1944 E Grand Ave. (PA 209), @ S Terry St. intersection, Reinerton
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Lester Frank Ward
"Father of American Sociology," geologist, and Civil War veteran, L.F. Ward (1841-1913), spent his youth in Myersburg working with his brother, Cyrenus Osborne Ward, labor historian, in their hub factory. He has been called "the American Aristotle."
24527 Rome Rd. (PA 187), Myersburg
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Levittown
This fully planned, six-home style residential community was conceived by the builder, William J. Levitt. The first family moved in, June 23, 1952. When completed in 1957, Levittown contained 17,311 homes on 5,750 acres, designed for a population of 70,000. It expanded on the pattern set by Levittown, N.Y. (built 1947-51) and was a landmark in the development of suburban housing in the United States.
Levittown Pkwy. near Rt. 13, near front of St. Michael's Church grade school, Levittown
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Lewis and Clark Expedition
On Aug. 31, 1803, Capt. Meriwether Lewis launched a 50-foot "keeled boat" from Ft. Fayette, 100 yards downriver. This marked the beginning of the 3-year expedition commissioned by President Jefferson, which opened America to westward expansion.
1 block N of 10th St. Bypass & Waterfront Dr. intersection, Pittsburgh
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Lewis Earle Sandt (1888-1913)
A pioneer aviator, Sandt was the first American to make an international flight, from Erie to Canada, in 1912. Like many early pilots, he died as a result of crash injuries a year later. His efforts helped spur popular interest in flight. He lived here for most of his brief life.
42 S Pickering St., Brookville
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Lewis Robert "Hack" Wilson   (1900-1948)
Born and raised in Ellwood City, played Major League Baseball for four teams over 12 seasons, beginning in 1923. An outfielder, he set batting records during his 1930 season with the Chicago Cubs with 56 home runs, which stood for 68 years, and 191 RBIs. He finished his career with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1934 with a lifetime .307 batting average, 244 home runs, and 1,063 RBIs. Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1979.
The present Ellwood City Area High School sports complex is located at the corner of Pa State Route 65 (Woodside Avenue) and Joffre Street. In fact there are two baseball fields located there.  This would be a fine place to locate the historical marker.
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Lewisburg Cross-Cut Canal
Completed in 1833 as a part of Pennsylvania Canal. It was 5/8 mile long and had 3 lift locks. A dam provided slack water, enabling boats to cross the river, thus creating a great trade center here.
Market St. (PA 45) at Susq. River bridge and White Deer Park, Lewisburg
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Lewistown Station
The oldest surviving structure known to have been built by the Pennsylvania Railroad, this station was constructed in 1848-49 as a freight handling warehouse. On September 1, 1849, this was the scene of a banquet celebrating the opening of the railroad to Lewistown. The building was renovated and converted into a passenger station in 1868.
Jct. Pa. 103 & Helen St., S end of Lewistown
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LGBTQ+ Policies Under Gov. Milton Shapp
In 1975 Milton Jerrold Shapp (1912–1994) was the first governor in the U.S. to prohibit discrimination toward LGBTQ+ state employees. Shapp went on to establish the Pa. Council for Sexual Minorities, the first governmental body in the nation devoted to developing public policy for the LGBTQ+ community. He issued a proclamation for Gay Pride Week in 1976 and later expanded the nondiscrimination policy to companies with state contracts.
North and Third Streets, Harrisburg, PA 17125 at base of stairs leading up to Capitol.
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Liberty Bell Hiding Place
From Sept. 1777 to June 1778, the State House bell was hidden here at Zion's Reformed Church. The Continental Congress removed Philadelphia's bells fearing British destruction. The bell, now known as the Liberty Bell, was transformed into a national symbol by abolitionists.
Mt. Zion Church
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Lightfoot Mill (Mill at Anselma)
Built c.1747 by Samuel Lightfoot, this mill provided feed and grain to the local community and exemplifies a turning point in American industrial technology. A rare surviving example of a colonial-era custom water-powered grist mill, its horizontal counter-shaft power system remains intact. The mill remained active until the 1930s. It is maintained by a preservation trust and is a National Historic Landmark.
1730 Conestoga Rd. (Rt. 401) near Rt. 113, Chester Spgs. (NE of Downingtown)
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Lightning Guider Sleds
Produced between 1904 and 1988 by the Standard Novelty Works, located here. In 1920 the plant was credited with producing more children's sleds than any other U.S. factory; its capacity was then 1,600 to 1,800 per day. The company also made children's wagons, porch swings, porch gates, and furniture products. Established 1904 by William Wills and P.F. Duncan, the plant was closed in October 1990.
At Old Sled Works market, 722 N. Market St., Duncannon
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Lime Hill
Here Apr. 14, 1782, a party led by Sgt. Thos. Baldwin tried to rescue a woman and her children held as Indian captives. In a four-hour battle, three children were saved but the mother was killed.
US 6 at Limehill, 3.7 miles N of Wyalusing
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Lime Hill Battlefield - PLAQUE
April 14, 1782, Sergeant Thomas Baldwin's Party in attempting to rescue Mrs. Rosewell Franklin and her four children who had been captured by Indians, met the enemy near this spot after four hours of fighting. Three of the children were rescued but Mrs. Franklin was killed. Sergeant Baldwin's breastworks were located seventy Rods northwest of this marker.
US 6, 3.7 miles N of Wyalusing
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Lincoln Biography
The first published biography of Abraham Lincoln was printed in this building on Feb.11, 1860. It was prepared from Lincoln's own notes and served to introduce him to the public as a potential presidential candidate.
28 W. Market St., West Chester
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Lincoln Cemetery
Established in 1867 by the Sons of Good Will for the proper burial of Gettysburg's African American citizens and Civil War veterans. Some thirty Civil War veterans of the U.S. Colored Troops are buried here, having been denied burial in the National Cemetery because of segregation policies. Also buried here are veterans of the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, and the Korean conflict. First known as Good Will Cemetery, renamed in 1920.
Intersection of Lincoln & Long Lanes, Gettysburg
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Lincoln Cemetery
A landmark of central Pennsylvania's African American history. Established in 1827 by Wesley Union A.M.E. Zion Church. Among those buried here are T. Morris Chester, William Howard Day, Catherine McClintock, and at least 20 veterans of the Civil War.
30th Street & Booser Ave., Penbrook
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Lincoln Highway
The country's first coast-to-coast highway was established in 1913 by the Lincoln Highway Association, largely by improving and linking existing roads between New York and San Francisco. The highway changed the way people traveled and the landscape of nearby towns. Industries such as filling stations, tourist cabins, and restaurants sprang up along the highway. In 1925, much of the route through Pennsylvania became Route 30.
PA 462 (Chestnut St.) at end of Vet's Meml. Bridge near N 2nd, Columbia (directly across 462 from Columbia marker)
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Lincoln Homestead
President Lincoln's great-great grand-father Mordecai purchased Andrew Robeson's land and built the stone house that stands about 1 1/4 miles south of here in 1733. Mordecai Lincoln served as Justice of the Peace of Philadelphia County from 1733 to 1736, and was a friend and colleague of George Boone Jr., uncle of the pioneer Daniel Boone. Abraham Lincoln referred to his ancestors from Berks County, Pennsylvania in letters.
5700 Perkiomen Ave. (US 422), near Lincoln Rd., Reading / Exeter Twp.
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Lincoln Nomination
In May, 1859, Horace Greeley met with notable political leaders to create a boom to nominate Abraham Lincoln for President. The events that ensued at the Republican National Convention in Chicago paralleled the strategy planned at the parley held in this building.
115 9th St., Honesdale
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Lincoln University
Chartered as Ashmun Institute, April 29, 1854. Founded by Rev. John Miller Dickey for the purpose of providing liberal higher education for people of African ancestry in America. In 1866, it became Lincoln University, interracial and international.
Baltimore Pike (SR 3026) across from university, NE of Oxford
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Linden Hall
Oldest girls' resident school in the United States. Founded in 1746 by the Moravian Church. Originally a day school, it has since 1794 drawn boarding students from a wide area. The school was chartered under its present name in 1863.
PA 772 (E. Main St.) just E of N Water St., at school, Lititz
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Lindley Murray
Famous grammarian, author of the English Grammar, was born June 7, 1745, in a house on Indiantown Creek near this point. Robert Murray, his father, owned a mill here from 1745 to 1746.
PA 934, .2 mile N of US 22, Harper Tavern
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Lindley Murray
Famous grammarian, author of the English Grammar, was born June 7, 1745, in a house near this point. Robert Murray, his father, owned a mill here from 1745 to 1746.
Corner of Bellegrove Rd. (PA 934) & Jonestown Rd., across from Harper Tavern, East Hanover Twp.
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Linton Park (1826-1906)
Born and raised in Marion Center, Park is recognized as one of the most significant American folk painters. His realistic depictions of rural life, most notably "The Flax Scutching Bee" (1847), provide invaluable documentation of 19th century frontier traditions in western Pa. With his logging illustrations, Park also afforded historians a clear understanding of the early development of the lumber industry.
At Linton Park Playground, opposite 505 N Manor St., Marion Center
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Lititz
Settled during 1740s, Moravians established here a "Land Gemeine," or country congregation in 1756. It was named by Count Zinzendorf after a Bohemian town which sheltered persecuted Moravians in 1456.
PA 501 just N of Rt. 772 intersection, at Lititz Spring Park, Lititz
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Little Lithuania, USA
A center for Lithuanian settlement since the late 1800s, Schuylkill County's population has the greatest concentration of Lithuanian ancestry in the US. The coal industry drew many of these immigrants. The local Knights of Lithuania, among the nation's oldest chapters, celebrates and preserves its ethnic heritage. Rev. Andrius Stupinskas who led one of the first Lithuanian American Catholic congregations (1872) is buried in St. George cemetery.
5 N Main St. (PA 924), at bank, Shenandoah
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Lock Number Seven
Well preserved remains of the lock, Mahantango Creek aqueduct, and other canal operations are opposite. They were a part of the Pennsylvania Canal built 1828-31 through this section.
Susquehanna Trail (US 11 & 15) between Liverpool and Port Treverton, at Mahantango Creek and Juniata Co. line (Missing)
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Lock Ridge Iron Furnace
Representative of the many iron furnaces in the Lehigh Valley, Lock Ridge was constructed here in 1868, operated until 1921, and was the last furnace in the US to solely use anthracite coal as fuel. By the late 19th century the Lehigh Valley was the state's largest producer of pig iron. Among the only remnants of Pennsylvania's anthracite iron industry, the partially restored complex is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
at church/historical soc., 407 Franklin St. (at Church St.), Alburtis
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Locust Grove Cemetery
Burial ground for slaves and free blacks since the early 19th century and site of Shippensburg's first African American church, established 1830s. Edward Shippen Burd granted the land to Shippensburg's African American community in 1842. It was the only public cemetery open to African Americans in the area until the late 20th century. Graves of veterans from the Civil War to the Vietnam conflict include those of twenty-six Civil War soldiers.
100 block of N Queen St., Shippensburg
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Log College
Built by Rev. William Tennent c. 1735, it was the first academy in America for the training of Presbyterian ministers and the first college in Pa. A number of notable revivalist preachers and educators graduated from this rustic school before it closed upon Tennent's death in 1746. Soon after, several Log College graduates helped establish Princeton University in New Jersey. Many other colleges trace their roots to this early institution.
880 N York Rd. (PA 263), near Tennyson Dr., across from Log College Manor apartments, Warminster
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Log Grist Mill
This reconstructed early log mill was built originally at Roxbury by a miller named Cronin in 1805. It was in operation until 1918. It is now used as the Mountain Playhouse. As restored, it is a fine example of an early mill.
Somerset Pk. (PA 985 / old US 219), across from Log Cabin Rd., Jennerstown
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Logan House
At the famous railroad hotel on this site was held the Conference of Northern War Governors, Sept. 24-26, 1862. Governor Andrew Curtin of Pennsylvania called the meeting which united forces behind Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation.
11th Ave. at 13th St., Altoona
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Logstown
One of the large Indian towns on the upper Ohio was located nearby in 1727-58. Important conferences were held here between the British, French, and Indians in the struggle for the Ohio Country.
Duss Ave. at Anthony Wayne Dr., N of Ambridge
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Logstown - PLAQUE
A short distance southeast of this spot, along the banks of the river, was situated the village of Logstown one of the largest Indian settlements on the upper Ohio. It was the scene of many important conferences between the French, the British and the Indians...
Duss Ave. (old PA 65) near Anthony Wayne Dr, N of Ambridge
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Lois Weber (1879-1939)
The first American woman film director, Weber wrote, directed, and acted in more than 200 films between 1908 and 1934. She addressed social issues like drug addiction, abortion, and poverty and helped pioneer techniques like the split screen. She was born on this site.
1230 Federal St., Pittsburgh
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Lombard Street Riot
Here on August 1, 1842 an angry mob of whites attacked a parade celebrating Jamaican Emancipation Day. A riot ensued. African Americans were beaten and their homes looted. The rioting lasted for 3 days. A local church & abolition meeting place were destroyed by fire.
SE corner of S 6th & Lombard Sts., Philadelphia
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London Coffee House
Scene of political and commercial activity in the colonial period, the London Coffee House opened here in 1754. It served as a place to inspect Black slaves recently arrived from Africa and to bid for their purchase at public auction.
SW corner, Front & Market Sts., Philadelphia
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Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749-1838)
Mozart's librettist in the 1780s for "The Marriage of Figaro," "Don Giovanni," and "Cosi fan tutte" came to America in 1805 and lived in Sunbury from June 1811 to August 1818. Da Ponte wrote that on visiting Sunbury, the adopted home of his wife's family, "I grew so enamored of the town that I resolved to settle there." A teacher, distiller, and merchant, he lived at the southwest corner of Third and Market Streets.
Cameron Park (central median of Market St.) at 3rd St., Sunbury
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Lorenzo L. Langstroth (1810-1895)
Born here, Langstroth revolutionized the beekeeping industry with his 1852 patented moveable frame hive and his manual, The Hive and the Honey-Bee. Both remain in use today. His innovations advanced beekeeping, pollination, and honey production worldwide.
106 S Front St., Phila.
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Loretto
This village, 3.5 miles NW of here, was founded 1799 by Prince Gallitzin as a Catholic colony. The site of the priest-missioner's grave is here. Charles Schwab, steel king, had his home in Loretto, and is buried here.
St. Joseph St. (SR 1005) & Adm. Peary Hwy. (Old US22), Cresson
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Loretto
Founded 1799 by the prince-priest Demetrius Gallitzin. Here he began in 1800 the first school in the area, a forerunner of Saint Francis College, chartered in 1858. Catholic cultural center. Charles M. Schwab, steel king, had his home here.
2000 block of Manor Rd. (SR 1005) at St. Francis, Loretto
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Loretto Perfectus Walsh
Recognized as the first woman to enlist in the U.S. Navy--on March 21, 1917, sixteen days before the nation entered WWI. As a Chief Yeoman (F), she served in Philadelphia; was discharged 1919. Born (1896) and raised in Olyphant; died in 1925.
108 Willow Ave. at Lackawanna Ave. (Hwy. 347), at Am. Legion Post, Olyphant
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-1974)
Among the foremost architects of the late 20th century. Trained in the Beaux-Arts method at the University of Pennsylvania, Kahn redefined architecture through his extraordinary use of mass, light, and structure. A Penn professor, his office was here.
1501 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Louis I. Kahn 1901-1974
“I was born on an island with a castle on it…”
Among the foremost architects of the late 20th century. Trained in the Beaux-Arts method at the University of Pennsylvania, Kahn redefined architecture through his extraordinary use of mass, light, and structure. A professor at the University of Pennsylvania.
Kahn was born in Kuressaare and his childhood home was here.
Next to the Johan Spa Hotel Saaremaa, Kuressaare, Estonia. Near the birthplace of Kahn. 58.253688, 22.483043
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Louisa May Alcott
The author of "Little Women" was born here at "Pine Place," Nov. 29, 1832, to educator Bronson Alcott & his wife Abigail. An abolitionist, Civil War nurse, and suffragist, she wrote children's books and gothic thrillers. The Alcotts lived in this county, 1830-34.
5427 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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Lower Marsh Creek Church
Present building erected 1790 by a Presbyterian congregation dating from 1748. Later remodeled, its exterior preserves much of the old-style design.
PA 116 (Fairfield Rd.) & SR 3013 (Knoxlyn Rd.), 4 miles W of Gettysburg
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Lower Swedish Cabin
The only remaining log cabin of its type, among several once located on Darby Creek. Evidently built by Swedish settlers who came to this area after 1638. Used by the early Philadelphia filmmaker, Siegmund Lubin, as the site for several pre-1910 motion pictures.
At site on Creek Rd., Clifton Heights (must enter via Dennision Ave. & Blanchard Rd.)
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Lowry Homestead
Oldest stone house in Blair County. Erected by Lazarus Lowry in 1785. Located on the Kittanning Trail, Indian route from Susquehanna to Allegheny rivers.
US 22, 1.1 miles E of Hollidaysburg (Missing)
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Loyalhanning
Indian village settled by the Delaware soon after their departure from the Susquehanna area in 1727, was located here. The name refers to "middle stream".
US 30, across from E Main St., just SE of Ligonier
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Loyalist Raid of 1778
On Feb. 19, 1778, while the British occupied Philadelphia, some 40 armed Loyalists raided the tavern here. The fighting left 5 American soldiers dead, 4 wounded, 11 captured. Tailors here were making uniforms for use at Valley Forge, and 2000 yards of cloth were lost.
111 S State St., S of Center Ave., Newtown
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LP-Gas Industry
The liquefied petroleum gas industry originated in this vicinity. The first domestic customer, John W. Gahring, had "bottled gas" for lighting and cooking installed May 17, 1912, at his farm home about five miles southeast of Waterford at Le Boeuf Station.
High St. (US 19) at square in Waterford (Missing)
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Lucretia C. Mott
Nearby stood "Roadside," the home of the ardent Quakeress, Lucretia C. Mott (1793-1880). Her most notable work was in connection with antislavery, women's rights, temperance and peace.
PA 611 at Latham Pkwy., N of Cheltenham Ave., Elkins Park
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Ludwig Derr
Founder of Lewisburg, 1785. Lived here in a log house incorporated in the present structure. Nearby, he operated a trading post and a grist and saw mill. Derr died in Nov. 1785.
34 Brown St., Lewisburg
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Luzerne County
Formed September 25, 1786 from Northumberland County. Named for Chevalier de la Luzerne. Wilkes-Barre, the county seat, was settled 1769. A center of the Yankee-Pennamite Wars (begun 1769) and 1902 Anthracite Strike, conflicts that changed America.
Courthouse, 200 N. River St., at North St., Wilkes-Barre
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Lycoming County
Formed April 13, 1795 out of Northumberland County. The name (from a Delaware Indian word) honors Lycoming Creek. Williamsport, the county seat, became a borough, 1806, and a city, 1866. Once a great lumbering center. Birthplace of Little League Baseball.
Courthouse entrance in planter bed, W 3rd St., Williamsport
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Lyman H. Howe (1858-1923)
From headquarters in Wilkes-Barre, Howe's six touring shows introduced motion pictures to rural Americans. Pioneer exhibitor of "high class" film programs with coordinated sound. Filmed world & local events, including Pres. Theodore Roosevelt's visit here in 1905.
S River Rd. & South St. , Wilkes-Barre
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Lymansville
The pioneer settlement in this region was made here in 1808 by Major Isaac Lyman, land agent and a Revolutionary officer. The first saw and grist mill, post office, and court were also located here.
E 2nd St. (US 6 / PA 44), near PA 872 at creek, near N Hollow Rd., E end of Coudersport
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Mahanoy Plane
Critical to the Pa. anthracite industry, this inclined plane railroad transported coal from the Mahanoy Valley up the Broad Mountain to Frackville. Opened in 1862 as part of the Reading Railroad system, improvements in the early 20th century increased its size and capacity, making it an engineering marvel able to meet national demands. After hoisting hundreds of millions of tons of coal, it closed in 1932. Partial ruins remain nearby.
Gold Star Hwy. (Rt. 924), N end of Frackville
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Major Andre
For a short time in 1776, Major Andre and Lt. Despard, British prisoners of war, were detained in a tavern that stood on this site. Some years later, after an exchange and recapture, Andre was executed as a spy.
S. Hanover St. between South & Pomfret Sts., Carlisle
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Major John Clark
Revolutionary officer, aide-de-camp to General Greene, Auditor of the Continental army, lived on this site.
S. Beaver St. near W. Market St., York
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Making of the Flag "Don't Give Up the Ship"
Steadfast in the face of war in the summer of 1813, seven brave Erie women stitched the flag that Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry carried into battle. British ships were on Lake Erie poised for attack. Although many fled south, Margaret Forster Steuart, her sister Dorcas, and five nieces remained to complete this rallying banner. The flag is preserved at the US Naval Academy Museum in Annapolis, Md., and its words have become a Navy motto.
Niagara Plaza along fence at rear of Erie Maritime Museum, 150 E Front St., Erie
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Malcolm Cowley
Born here in 1898, Cowley became an influential literary critic, editor, poet, and historian after World War I. He chronicles the "Lost Generation" in Exile's Return, his most famous work. Blue Juniata, a book of verse, celebrates this region. He was Chancellor of the American Academy of Arts & Letters, 1966-1976. He died in Sherman, Conn. in 1989.
4216 Benjamin Franklin Hwy. (US 422), 2 miles W of Belsano, near White Mill Hotel
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Mammoth Mine Explosion
On January 27, 1891, an explosion in the nearby Mammoth No. 1 Mine of the H.C. Frick Coke Company killed 109 coal miners. Seventy - nine of the dead were buried in a mass grave here in St. John's Cemetery. This disaster was the worst one known to that time in a bituminous coal mine in Pennsylvania. It led to state legislation strengthening the program of mine safety inspections in the bituminous fields.
St. John's Cemetery, Scottdale Dawson Rd. (Rt. 819) at Hornertown & Loucks Rds., Scottdale
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Manor of Maske
Surveyed in 1766. Named for an estate in England. The Manor was about 6 miles wide and 12 miles long with the southern boundary at present Mason-Dixon Line. It was the second largest reserved estate of the Penns in Pennsylvania. The eastern boundary line of the Manor was near this point.
US 30 between Rock Creek and Hunterstown Rd., E end of Gettysburg
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Manor of Maske
Surveyed in 1766. Named for an estate in England. The Manor was about 6 miles wide and 12 miles long with the southern boundary at present Mason-Dixon Line. It was the second largest reserved estate of the Penns in Pennsylvania. The western boundary line of the Manor was near this point.
US 30 near SR 1077, W of Seven Stars
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Marc Blitzstein (1905-1964)
An influential American composer, lyricist, and translator who brought vernacular to musical theater was born here. Works include the ground-breaking The Cradle Will Rock and an adaptation of The Threepenny Opera. He studied at Curtis Inst. of Music and mentored Leonard Bernstein.
419 Pine St., Philadelphia
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Marcus A. Reno
Maj., 7th U.S. Cavalry at Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876; Lt. Col. Geo. A. Custer & the troops he led were killed, but Reno & most of his command survived. During the civil war, Reno helped defend this region against Confederate invaders. His farm was near here.
3rd & Reno Sts., New Cumberland
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Marcus Hook
First port of call for Philadelphia shipping. First settled by Swedes, it was named by the Dutch, 1655-64, Marreties Hoeck.
W 10th St. (US 13) & Green St., at Municipal Bldg., Marcus Hook
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Margaret Cochran Corbin
Heroine of the Revolution; born Nov. 12, 1751, near Rocky Spring, 1 1/2 miles to NW. Accompanied her husband to war. Manned a cannon, Fort Washington, N.Y., Nov. 16, 1776, when he was killed. She was wounded, pensioned, and assigned to Invalid Regt. Died Jan. 16, 1800; buried at West Point, N.Y.
US 11 at Roland Ave. and Mennonite Church, 1.5 miles N of Chambersburg
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Margaret Mead (1901-1978)
The world-renowned anthropologist and writer lived in this house and graduated in 1918 from Doylestown High School. Among her most famous works are "Coming of Age in Samoa" (1928) and "Male and Female" (1949).
225 W. Court St., at S West St., Doylestown
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Marian Anderson
World-renowned contralto. As a child she sang in this church. Toured Europe & U.S. starting in the 1930s. Her concert at the Lincoln Memorial, 1939, drew 75,000 people. First African-American in Metropolitan Opera, 1955. Delegate to UN, 1958. Died 1993.
At Union Baptist Church, 1910 Fitzwater St., Philadelphia
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Marianna Mine Explosion
On November 28, 1908 154 miners died in what was the worst disaster in Washington County and among the most severe in the history of US mining. The incident, and several others at the time, catalyzed public advocacy for mine safety, leading to the establishment of the US Bureau of Mines in 1910. USBM research on safer blasting materials and the prevention of mine gas and dust explosions resulted in the reduced occurrence of mine disasters.
Beeson Ave./Maple St. & Mine Access Rd., Marianna
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Marianne Moore (1887-1972)
Eminent poet, editor, essayist, and teacher. Her independent spirit and keen eye for detail distinguished her life and work. Moore won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature, the Bollingen Prize in Poetry, and the National Book Award. She lived here (1896-1916).
343 N Hanover Street, Carlisle
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Mario Lanza (1921-1959)
The beloved tenor was born here as Alfredo Cocozza. Here as a boy he learned the arias of many operas. Became a radio, concert, record artist. After signing with M-G-M in 1947, he made seven films; had the title role in "The Great Caruso," 1951.
634-36 Christian St., Philadelphia
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Market House
Stood on this square from 1815 to 1872. Under the Market, at one end, was the jail. Equipment for fighting fires was kept here. Fairs and other public events were held under its roof.
NE section of Square, Rt. 94 (Baltimore St.) & Frederick St./Broadway, Hanover
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Market Square
For over a century, farm produce was sold here in market sheds and from wagons at the curbs. The first sheds were built soon after the city was laid out in 1785; the last were removed in 1889. Many inns faced the Square.
S. Market Square (east side, near Market St.), Harrisburg
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Marshall College
Used the Theological Seminary building. Was chartered, 1836; removed to Lancaster, 1853, and united with Franklin College. First president was Dr. Frederick A. Rauch, famed scholar, educator, and author of textbook on psychology.
On Mercersburg Academy campus, off Buchanan Trail (PA 16/416), Mercersburg
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Marshalls Creek Explosion, June 26, 1964
On June 26, 1964, a burning tractor trailer exploded here, killing six people, including three Marshalls Creek fire-fighters, and injuring thirteen others. It was later determined that the trailer contained explosives but had no identifying placards. The incident helped lead to the creation of the 1974 U.S. Transportation Safety Act, setting stricter federal regulations on the transport of hazardous materials.
State Route 209- North, 3 miles north of Marshalls Creek
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Marshalls Creek Mastodon
In 1968, John W. Leap and workers at a nearby peat bog discovered the bones of a large mastodon that died about 12,000 years ago. These large, tusked mammals (Mammut americanum) lived throughout North America from 5.2 million to 10,000 years ago. The Marshalls Creek specimen, now in the collection of the State Museum of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg, ranks among the most complete mastodon skeletons found on the East Coast.
Milford Rd. (Rt. 209) in front of Wendy's, near Oak Grove Dr., Middle Smithfield Twp.
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Martha Graham (1894-1991)
Born near here, dancer, choreographer, and teacher Martha Graham created a modern and unique movement style. In 1927, she founded her School of Contemporary Dance, revolutionizing the art of modern dance with innovative works such as "Frontier" and "Appalachian Spring."
California Ave. & Brighton Rd., North Side, (Pittsburgh)
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Martin Chartier - PLAQUE
Died 1718. Noted Indian trader and interpreter in early Pennsylvania and Maryland. Frenchman from Canada who resided at Fort St. Louis of the Sieur de La Salle in present Illinois, 1684-1690. A leader thence of the Shawnee Indians to Maryland, 1692, and to Susquehanna River at Pequea Creek, now Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, 1697, agent in William Penn's treaties with the Indians of the Susquehanna, settler here in later years at the site of Washington Borough on a 300 acre tract granted to him by Penn, father by his Shawnee wife of PETER CHARTIER the Indian Trader and Interpreter.
PA 441 (River Rd.) at Charlestown Rd., Washington Borough
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Martin Delany (1812-1885)
Delany was an influential abolitionist, civil rights activist, Army officer, and prominent physician. The son of an enslaved father and free mother received his education in Chambersburg. He went on to publish an anti-slavery newspaper, "The Mystery." He worked along with Frederick Douglass to champion freedom and later became the first commissioned African American officer in the United States Army.
566 S. Main St., Chambersburg
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Martin G. Brumbaugh
Governor of the State, 1915-19, outstanding educator, was born near here April 14, 1862. Superintendent county schools, 1884-90. Juniata College president, 1895-1906; 1924-30. Died Mar. 14, 1930. Buried in Valley View Cemetery.
Pa. 26, 1.3 miles NE of Marklesburg
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Martin G. Brumbaugh
World War I Governor from 1915-19, one of the most prominent educators of the State, was born a few miles SW, April 14, 1862. Buried in Valley View Cemetery in the same neighborhood. In 1895-1906; 1924-30, he was President Juniata College.
US 22 & PA 26, W of Huntingdon
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Martin Johnson Heade (1819-1904)
Noted artist and cofounder of the "luminist" style of landscape painting. Also known for his hummingbird studies and floral still lifes. He first studied with Edward and Thomas Hicks in Newtown. Born & raised here; family owned the store across the street.
River Rd. (Rt. 32) across from Lumberville General Store, Lumberville, SE of DE River ped. bridge.
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
Minister & civil rights leader. Here at Crozer Theological Seminary, he earned his Bachelor of Divinity degree, 1951. King's three years here were a key period in shaping his philosophy of nonviolent social change. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 1964.
Crozer-Chester Medical Center, One Medical Center Blvd., behind parking lot, at Old Main, Upland
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
King lived three years in this community and ministered under the mentorship of J. Pius Barbour. He graduated from Crozer Theological Seminary, 1951. A leader of the 1963 March on Washington, King won a Nobel Peace Prize, 1964.
Calvary Baptist Church, 1616 W. 2nd St. (PA 291), at Baker St., Chester
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Martin Meylin's Gunshop
Old gunshop, built in 1719, is located about one mile northeast. Here, before 1745, the earliest known Pennsylvania Rifle, misnamed Kentucky Rifle, was made. Building is marked with a tablet.
Willow Street Pike (PA 272) northbound just N of junction with Long Ln./Beaver Valley Pk. (US 222) N end of Willow Street
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Martin R. Delany (1812-1885)
A promoter of African-American nationalism, Delany published a Black newspaper, The Mystery, at an office near here. He attended Harvard Medical School, practiced medicine in Pittsburgh, and was commissioned as a major in the Civil War.
5 PPG Place, 3rd Ave. & Market St., Pittsburgh
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Mary Cassatt (1844-1926)
Born near here, Cassatt studied art in Europe. She lived in Paris, befriended by the Impressionist painter Degas. She was an innovative painter, printmaker, and etcher and is noted for her works depicting women and children.
Allegheny and Ridge Aves., in park betw. Rt. 65 on and off ramps, McKees Rocks (Pittsburgh)
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Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
Labor leader, workers' advocate. Arrested and jailed in Homestead for speaking to striking steelworkers, 1919. When a judge asked who gave her a permit to speak publicly, she replied, "Patrick Henry. Thomas Jefferson. John Adams!"
NE corner of 9th and Amity Sts., (at former municipal bldg.), Homestead
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Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
Labor leader, worker advocate. In October 1900 she led a march of 2,000 women from McAdoo to Coaldale to aid a six - week strike called in September by the United Mine Workers of America for higher wages, recognition, and a grievance process. Many mineworkers stopped work and joined the union. Concessions by anthracite coal operators and unmet union demands resulted in the anthracite coal strike of 1902.
E Water St. (Rt. 209) & 1st St., Coaldale
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Mary Jemison
In 1758, during the French & Indian War, a party of French soldiers and Shawnee took Mary Jemison from her home 3 miles north of here. Although most of her family and neighbors were killed, Mary was adopted by two Seneca women. Jemison lived with the tribe and in 1762 traveled to their tribal home on the Genesee River. She was known as "the White Woman of the Genesee." At war's end, she was offered her freedom but chose to stay with the tribe.
U.S. 30 at PA 234 junction, 4 miles W of Cashtown
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Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
Famed jazz composer & pianist. A child prodigy, she grew up in this city; went to Lincoln School here, 1919-23. Played for Andy Kirk in 1930s; then arranged music for Duke Ellington and others. Major works include "Zodiac Suite" and "Mary Lou's Mass."
328 Lincoln Ave., Lincoln Elementary School, Larimer (Pittsburgh)
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Mason-Dixon Line
The historic boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was surveyed, 1763-1767, by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to settle border disputes between the two Provinces. This section of the Mason-Dixon Line was surveyed in late July and early August, 1765.
Rt. 94 at state line, S of Pleasant Hill
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Mason-Dixon Line
The historic boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was surveyed, 1763-1767, by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to settle border disputes between the two Provinces. This section of the Mason-Dixon Line was surveyed June 26, 1765.
Delta Rd. (PA 74 / MD 165) at State Line
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Mason-Dixon Survey
Here, in 1763, the southernmost point of Philadelphia was determined as the starting point for the survey of one of the most important borders in the nation. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon took scientific measurements of a degree of latitude, elevating professional surveying standards. The survey ended a land dispute begun by William Penn and Lord Baltimore. Western Pa. Indian wars and severe weather delayed completion of the line until 1768.
Front & South Sts., Philadelphia
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Masonic Temple
Built 1823-1824. Oldest Pennsylvania building erected solely for Masonic use and now used exclusively for that purpose. Spared when Confederates burned town on July 30, 1864.
S. 2nd St. near E. Queen St., Chambersburg
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Masonic Temple Philadelphia
The 1873 Masonic Temple, a National Historic Landmark, is home to the Grand Lodge of Pa. Its lodge rooms, featuring varied architectural themes, and its stonework are widely acclaimed. Its prominence in size and location reflects Free-masonry's importance in American history.
One N Broad St.
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Mathew Carey (1760-1839)
An Irish Catholic who emigrated to Philadelphia in 1784, Carey was a prominent printer and publisher and prolific writer. He was an influential political economist and nationalist, promoting the purchase of American goods over imports, a strong central bank, and protective tariffs. He was a civic leader and a founder of the Hibernian Society (1793), which provided support and relief for Irish immigrants. His print shop was here, 1792-1813.
324 Marker St., Philadelphia
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Mathias Roeser
Here from 1740 to 1771 lived one of colonial America's most important gunsmiths. His work was central to development of the Pennsylvania rifle. Other family members and an apprentice, William Henry, Sr., became leading gunsmiths & supplied arms to the patriot cause in the Revolution.
315 West King St., Lancaster
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Matthew S. Quay
Home of the noted state and national political leader is near here. He rose , between 1856-87, from local and state offices to U.S. Senator. A Republican Party leader from 1887 until his death in 1904.
3rd St. (PA 68) at Insurance St., Beaver
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Maurice K. Goddard (1912-1995)
Served five governors from 1955 to 1979 in an extraordinary career as Secretary of the former Departments of Environmental Resources and Forests and Waters. Goddard significantly expanded the state park system, established state forest natural and wild areas, and professionalized forestry and environmental management in state government. A leader in air and water resource management, he inspired environmental awareness nationwide.
Rachel Carson Bldg., 400 Market St., Harrisburg
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Maxfield Parrish (1870-1966)
One of America's most popular artists, Parrish was a pioneer in commercial and graphic art. A master illustrator, he was innovative in incorporating art in advertising. He is known for his signature vibrant blues, his choice of fantastical subjects, and capturing the spontaneity of action. He studied at the Pa. Academy of the Fine Arts and under Howard Pyle at Drexel. His Dream Garden mosaic here was created with Tiffany Studios in 1915.
in front of Curtis Bldg., S 6th St. between Sansom & Walnut.
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McAlevy's Fort
A frontier blockhouse was erected near this site in 1778 by Col. William McAlevy, pioneer settler and Revolutionary War officer. It was a refuge point for early settlers. The village was founded by entrepreneur Robert McBurney in the 1840s. He actively developed the village in the decades that followed. Several 19th century ironworks and mills in the vicinity contributed to its growth.
Junction Greenwood Rd. (PA 305) & McAlevy's Fort Rd. (PA 26) at McAlevy's Fort (Missing)
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McAllister Family Ophthalmic Legacy
Near this site in 1796, John McAllister Sr. opened America’s first optical shop and began a family tradition of innovation in optics and eye care. John Sr. was a pioneer of opticianry. His son John Jr. became the first American hospital opti-cian. Third generation William, working at Wills Eye Hospital, was the first to teach refraction to ophthalmologists, and his son Francis was a founder of the American Optometric Association in 1898.
Site of original optical shop.
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McAllister Tavern
Here, along the Monocacy Road, Richard McAllister erected a two-story log building and opened a store and tavern. In 1755, Benjamin Franklin was a guest at the Tavern. Old building was razed in 1950.
Baltimore (PA 94) & Middle Sts., Hanover
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McAllister's Mill Underground Railroad Station
At their grist mill on nearby Rock Creek, James McAllister and his family provided temporary shelter to hundreds of fugitive slaves. Now in ruin, it was part of one of the earliest UGRR networks through which freedom seekers passed on their way north. It was the site of a significant gathering of abolitionists on July 4, 1836, that led to the formation of the Adams County Anti-Slavery Society, an early and influential abolitionist organization.
1360 Baltimore Pike, Gettysburg
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McClean House
On this site stood the house of Archibald McClean; surveyor for the Penns, county officer, and ardent patriot. Traditionally the Treasury of U.S., 1777-1778, while York was national capital.
NE section of Square, George & Market Sts., York
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McClellan House
Father and son lived at 912 Walnut Street after 1832. Home of George McClellan, M.D., founder, Jefferson Medical College, until he died in 1847. Home until 1842, future Gen. George B. McClellan, commander, Army of the Potomac, 1861-62; U.S. Presidential candidate in 1864.
912 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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McClurg Iron Foundry
Established in 1804, it was the first air foundry in Pittsburgh. During the War of 1812, it supplied cannons and ammunition, primarily destined for the fleet on Lake Erie. In 1835, the first locomotive steam engine made west of the Alleghenies was built on this site.
Smithfield St. & 5th Ave., Pittsburgh
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McCoy Home
The birthplace of Major General Frank R. McCoy, 1874-1954, graduate of West Point, who took part in Spanish American War, World Wars I & II. He was also President of the Foreign Policy Association.
17 N. Main St., Lewistown
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McDonald Oil Field
Oil was first struck here in 1890, and in 1891 and 1892 the field yielded the highest levels of oil in the world. Second only in Pa. history to the Bradford Oil Field in both size and production, it was instrumental in achieving the state's highest ever annual oil output in 1891, 31,424,000 barrels. The wells achieving Pennsylvania's highest daily oil production rates, Mevey No. 1 and Mathews No. 1, were located within three miles of here.
701 W Lincoln Ave. (SR 980), at Heritage Park Plaza, McDonald
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McFate Archaeological Site
The excavation of three overlapping palisaded villages on this site has provided data about settlement patterns of the French Creek Valley. Artifacts left by the peoples living here from 1100 AD to 1500 AD indicate a subsistence based on seasonal hunting, gathering, and light farming. Shell-tempered pottery with a distinctive design known as McFate Incised has helped identify tribal movement across the landscape and potential trade routes.
Near existing PHMC Marker for French Creek
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McKean County
Formed March 26, 1804 out of Lycoming County. Named for Gov. Thomas McKean. Smethport, the county seat, was incorporated 1853; here the "Bucktails," famed Civil War regiment, assembled in 1861. Oil, gas, and lumber spurred the county's early economic growth.
County Courthouse, 500 W Main St. (US 6), Smethport
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McKees Rocks Mound
Largest Native American burial mound in Western PA., (16 ft. high & 85 ft wide). It was hand-built by the Adena people between 200BC and 100 AD and later used by the Hopewell and Monongahela people. Late 19th C. excavations uncovered 33 skeletons and artifacts made of copper & shells.
Rangers Field, Shingiss & Sproul Streets. The Bottoms, McKees Rocks
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McMurtrie Mansion
David McMurtrie built this house in 1817. A pioneer family; leaders in local political and business affairs. Now houses the Historical Society and the Library of Huntingdon County.
4th & Penn. Huntingdon
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Mead Island Tradition
Near this location the Mead Island culture was first identified In 1967 by Carnegie Museum Archaeologist Dr. Stanley Lantz on Mead Island. Further excavations of this prehistoric Native American group nearby at the nearby Penelec site and other locations between here and Freeport in Armstrong county verify that these people were the dominant residents of the Middle Allegheny River Valley during the early Late Woodland period (960-1360 AD).
The proposed location is at a pull - of from Rt 6 onto scientific road. There is a turn around at that location and ample area for visitors to stop safely and read the sign. I have had a preliminary discussion with the PennDot office in charge of signage for this area and they concur on the proposed location if approved. 
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Meadowcroft Rockshelter
A deeply stratified archaeological site, its deposits span nearly 16,000 years. Discovered in 1973 by Albert Miller and excavated by University of Pittsburgh archaeologists. Meadowcroft revealed North America's earliest known evidence of human presence and the New World's longest sequence of human occupation. All of eastern North America's major cultural stages appear in its remarkably complete archaeological record.
At entrance to site, 401 Meadowcroft Rd., Avella
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Meadowcroft Rockshelter - Commonwealth Treasure
The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission declares Meadowcroft Rockshelter a Commonwealth Treasure for all to protect and preserve as a unique archaeological discovery of our earliest history
at entrance to site, 401 Meadowcroft Rd., Avella
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Meadville
Founded in 1788 by David Mead and other settlers from the Wyoming region. In 1800 made county seat. First direct primary in U.S. held here in 1842. Making of hookless fasteners was pioneered here.
US 6 & 19 N of Meadville (Missing)
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Meadville
Founded in 1788 by David Mead and other settlers from the Wyoming region. In 1800 made county seat. First direct primary in U.S. held here in 1842. Making of hookless fasteners was pioneered here.
S Main St. (US 322) S end of Meadville
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Meadville
Founded in 1788 by David Mead and other settlers from the Wyoming region. In 1800 made county seat. First direct primary in U.S. held here in 1842. Making of hookless fasteners was pioneered here.
US 6 & 322 W of Meadville (Missing)
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Meason House
The Georgian manor on the hill was built 1802 by Isaac Meason. Veteran of the Revolution, Meason was a pioneer ironmaster. In 1817 at Plumsock he built one of the first rolling mills.
US 119 4.5 miles SW of Connellsville, just N of Mt. Braddock Rd.
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Mechanics' Union of Trade Associations
Formed nearby in 1827 as the first central labor council in the nation; recognized as the beginning of American labor movement. Represented workers as a class, not by craft. Advocated for ten-hour day; engaged in political activism and workers' education.
Chestnut & Bank Sts., Philadelphia
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Medical Library Association
World's oldest medical library association founded here in 1898 to facilitate access to reliable medical literature for the improvement of health care. Among the US and Canadian founders were George M. Gould, MD; Sir William Osler, MD; and Margaret R. Charlton, librarian.
1420-22 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Mercer County
Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. The U.S. census reported 3228 residents in 1800. Named for General Hugh Mercer, Revolutionary hero killed at Battle of Princeton, 1777. Early iron and coal center. Mercer, the county seat, was incorporated 1814.
N Diamond St. at N side of Co courthouse, at Courthouse Square, Mercer
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Mercy Hospital
Founded in 1847 by the Sisters of Mercy as Pittsburgh's first hospital. Medical internships began in 1848, and the nursing school in 1893. This was the first Mercy hospital worldwide, caring for all patients, especially the community's poor.
1400 Locust St., Pittsburgh
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Mercy Hospital
Founded in 1907 by African-Americans, this hospital provided training and employment to Black medical professionals. In 1919 it built a larger facility here, and in 1948 it merged to become Mercy-Douglass Hospital.
NW corner, S 17th & Fitzwater Sts., Philadelphia
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Merion Friends Meeting
Continuously used since its erection in 1695 by Quakers, this Meeting House is thought to have been visited by William Penn. Welsh carpenters are believed responsible for its highly unusual cruciform architecture.
651 Montgomery Ave. at Meetinghouse Ln., Narberth
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Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
With William Clark he led the transcontinental Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1803-1806. Lewis prepared for the journey & later deposited its significant specimens, journals, and other artifacts here in Philadelphia.
1900 Ben Franklin Pky., Philadelphia
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Messersmith's Wood
Name of grove selected by Gen. R.E. Lee for his headquarters, June 26-30, 1863. Here he issued the order for the concentration of troops near Gettysburg. Site of woods is just south of this point.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) near Colbrook Ave., Chambersburg
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Meta V.W. Fuller (1877-1968)
One of the leading Black female sculptors in America. She lived here, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, later with Auguste Rodin in Paris. Her sculpture depicted human suffering.
254 S 12th St., Philadelphia
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Michael A. Musmanno (1897-1968)
The noted jurist lived here. Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice, 1952-68. A presiding judge, War Crimes Tribunal, Nuremberg, 1947-48. State legislator, 1929-31. Veteran of two World Wars. Author, 16 books. Buried, Arlington National Cemetery.
1321 Island Ave. (Pa. 51), Stowe Twp.
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Middle Spring Church
Founded 1738 by pioneer Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. Until 1781, the church was at the old cemetery which is about one-tenth mile NW from here. Present church built, 1847; parsonage built, 1855.
SR 4001 (old PA 696), 2.6 miles N of Shippensburg
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Middletown
The oldest town in Dauphin County; laid out in 1755 by George Fisher, Quaker. It was an important port at the junction of Pennsylvania and Union Canals in the 19th century. Site of early flour, lumber, and iron industries.
351 N Union St. at Main (center square), Middletown
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Mifflin County
Formed September 19, 1789 from Cumberland and Northumberland counties, and named for Thomas Mifflin, Governor, 1790-99. County seat, Lewistown, was laid out 1790; incorporated 1795. Important in Pennsylvania's canal development and early iron industry.
Old Courthouse, Monument Square, Market & Main Sts., Lewistown
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Mikveh Israel Cemetery
Founded 1740. Notables buried here include Nathan Levy, whose ship brought the Liberty Bell to America; Haym Salomon, Revolutionary patriot; the Gratz family; and Aaron Levy, founder of Aaronsburg.
Spruce St. between Schell & Darien Sts., Philadelphia
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Mildred Scott Olmsted (1890-1990)
An antiwar campaigner and women's and civil rights activist, Olmsted traveled the world on behalf of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. WILPF's advocacy was consistent with her Quaker beliefs. She headed the national WILPF organization for over 40 years and received a Lifetime Achievement Award for her efforts. She and her husband hosted leaders such as Jane Addams, Bayard Rustin and Martin Luther King in their home here.
41 Rose Valley Rd., Rose Valley
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Military Stables and Barracks
This long building was used as military stables during the Revolution. On opposite side of street, stood the Barracks where British and Hessians were imprisoned during that period.
307 N. Duke St., Lancaster
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Mill Grove
Originally built in 1762, the mansion later became the first home in America of the noted artist, naturalist and author, John James Audubon (1785-1851). Here, he began his studies of American birds and wildlife, which he portrayed so vividly in his numerous realistic paintings. The site is now owned and operated by the County of Montgomery.
Entrance to Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary, Audubon & Pawlings Rds. (SR 4041 & 4004), Audubon
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Miller's Blockhouse
Site 3 miles north. Built about 1780 by Jacob Miller, Sr. Rendezvous for settlers of the Dutch Fork area. Here March 31, 1782, Ann Hupp led a heroic defense against attacking Indians.
US 40 near Tunnel St., W of I-70 & E of West Alexander
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Millersburg Ferry
The only surviving ferry service across the Susquehanna began as early as 1825. Boats were poled by manpower until 1873, when the first paddlewheeler was acquired. In the 1920's, gasoline engines replaced steam power, and the paddlewheels were shifted from the side to the stern. The ferry landing is a short distance west.
Pa. 147 at Market & North Sts., Millersburg
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Millersburg Ferry
The only surviving ferry service across the Susquehanna began as early as 1825. Boats were poled by manpower until 1873, when the first paddlewheeler was acquired. In the 1920's, gasoline engines replaced steam power, and the paddlewheels were shifted from the side to the stern. The ferry landing is a short distance east.
US 11 & 15 at Ferry Ln. just S of PA 34, S of Liverpool (at campsite)
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Millersville University
Founded 1855 as the Lancaster County Normal School, it was named the first Pennsylvania State Normal School, 1859. Fully Commonwealth-owned after 1917, Millersville became a State Teachers College in 1928, and a State College for liberal arts and education, 1960. Since 1983, it has been Millersville University of Pennsylvania of the State System of Higher Education.
N. George St. across from McCollough St., near McNairy Library at university, Millersville
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Milton S. Hershey
Entrepreneur and philanthropist born here September 13, 1857. Founded Lancaster Caramel Company in 1886 and Hershey Chocolate Company in 1894; introduced milk chocolate in 1900. Developed Hershey as a model town and home of the world's largest chocolate factory. With his wife, Catherine Sweeney, he founded the Milton Hershey School in 1909 and endowed it with his personal fortune.
Homestead Lane, 20 feet north of U.S. 322, Hershey
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Min L. Matheson (1909-1992)
Prominent labor, community, and civic leader. She headed the Wyoming Valley District of the ILGWU, 1944-1963. With her husband Bill, she confronted corrupting influences & other obstacles in building a membership of 11,000. Created under their leadership were a model workers' education program, health care center, and traveling chorus. Later, she led efforts on behalf of flood victims after Tropical Storm Agnes in 1992.
Public Sq. at Market & Main, Wilkes-Barre
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Mingo Creek Church
This area has been called the cradle of the Whiskey Rebellion. Here in the 1790s, a log Presbyterian meetinghouse stood near the site of the present church. Used by the Mingo Creek Society after its formation in February 1794, it became a nerve center for protest against the whiskey excise tax. Society members were active in militia musters held on these grounds; some are now buried in the churchyard.
Union St. (Rt. 88) & Mingo Church Rd., ~2 miles S of Finleyville
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Minguannan Indian Town - PLAQUE
Minguannan Indian Town was located here. The chief Machaloha or Owhala and his people of the Unami group *Their totem*The tortoise*of the Lenni-Lenape or Delawares sold to William Penn the lands between Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay to the falls of Susquehanna River October 18, 1683.
Junction of London Tract Rd. (SR 3034), Sharpless Rd., and S Bank Rd., 1.5 miles NE of Strickersville, London Britain Twp.
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Minquas' Path
Near here the trading path leading westward to the Susquehannock Indians crossed Ridley Creek. Thousands of beaver skins were sent yearly to the first Dutch and Swedish posts on the Delaware by this route.
Rose Valley Rd. (SR 3019) between Price's & Traymore Lns., S of Moylan
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Mira Lloyd Dock (1853-1945)
Botanist, educator, author, civic leader, conservationist, activist. She served on the State Forestry Reservation Commission, 1901-13. She catalyzed the birth of Harrisburg's "City Beautiful" movement in a speech to the Board of Trade, Dec. 20, 1900. This movement produced the city's park system (including Riverfront Park here) and other major civic improvements. Mira Dock lived on Front Street across from this marker.
North Front Street near Reily St., Harrisburg
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Miracles on Maple Hill
This award-winning novel for children was inspired by author Virginia Sorensen's time in Edinboro. In it, she illuminates the centuries-long agricultural traditions of the rural maple syrup industry in Erie and Crawford Counties and the restorative qualities of country life. Miracles on Maple Hill won the 1957 Newbery Medal for its distinguished contribution to American literature for children.
Cuthbertson Stables Sq., 413 Plum St. (Rt. 6N), Edinboro
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Moland House
Gen. Washington's headquarters Aug. 10-23, 1777, during the Neshaminy encampment of 11,000 troops. Here, the Marquis de Lafayette functioned for the first time as Major General at the Council of War on Aug. 21, and Count Casimir Pulaski of Poland met Washington for the first time. An experienced military commander, Pulaski was later appointed Brigadier General of mounted troops and is remembered as the "Father of the American Cavalry."
1641 Old York Rd., Hartsville
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Mollie Woods Hare (1881-1956)
She played a significant role in the development and advancement of theory and practice of educating children with intellectual disabilities. Founded by Hare in 1913, the Woods Schools evolved into a nationally recognized center emphasizing the integration of research, education, and rehabilitation for people with special needs throughout Pa. and the US. Her pioneering programs received widespread recognition for excellence.
At entrance to Crestwood Manor, S Bellevue Ave. S of FLowers Ave., Langhorne
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Molly Maguire Executions
On June 21, 1877, four "Molly Maguires," an alleged secret society of Irish mine- workers, were hanged here. Pinkerton detective James McParlan's testimony led to convictions for violent crimes against the coal industry, yet the facts of the labor, class, and ethnic conflicts, even the existence of the organization, remain contested. Six others were hanged on this day at the county jail in Pottsville; ten more were executed in Pa. through 1879.
at Old Carbon County Jail, Broadway, Jim Thorpe
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Molly Maguire Executions
On June 21, 1877, six "Molly Maguires," an alleged secret society of Irish mine- workers, were hanged here. Pinkerton detective James McParlan's testimony led to convictions for violent crimes against the coal industry, yet the facts of the labor, class, and ethnic conflicts, even the existence of the organization, remain contested. Four others were hanged on this day at the county jail in Mauch Chunk; ten more were executed in Pa. through 1879.
at Schuylkill County Prison, Sanderson St., Pottsville
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Molly Pitcher
Mary "Ludwig" Hays McCauley, known as "Molly Pitcher," heroine at Battle of Monmouth, is buried in Old Graveyard just east of here. In this burial ground are graves of many distinguished citizens.
S. Hanover St. between Walnut & South Sts., Carlisle
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Monogahela River Navigation System
One of the nation's earliest and most successful river navigation systems, its series of locks and dams, begun in 1838, has provided year-round navigation between Pittsburgh and Fairmont, WV. Millions of tons of coal shipped through the locks supplied Pennsylvania's important coke, iron, and steel industries. Acquired by the federal government in 1897, the system has been expanded and modernized by the Army Corps of Engineers.
at USACOE Elizabeth Lock & Dam #3, Bunola River Rd., Elizabeth
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Monongahela
Oldest settlement in the valley and transportation center since the days of Devore's Ferry, chartered 1775. Laid out in 1796 as Williamsport. A city since 1873. Here thousands of pioneers began the river journey to the West.
Dry Run Rd. (PA 136) at Chess St., in small park, Monongahela
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Monongahela
Oldest settlement in the valley and transportation center since the days of Devore's Ferry, chartered 1775. Laid out in 1796 as Williamsport. A city since 1873. Here thousands of pioneers began the river journey to the West.
W Main Street (PA 88) at 5th St. at Municipal Building, Monongahela
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Monongahela
Oldest settlement in the valley and transportation center since the days of Devore's Ferry, chartered 1775. Laid out in 1796 as Williamsport. A city since 1873. Here thousands of pioneers began the river journey to the West.
W Main St., (PA 88) at 7th St., in Monongahela's Chess Park
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Monongahela College
The first Baptist college in western Pa. It was begun by Ten Mile Baptist Assn. in 1867, opened in 1869, and in 1871 was chartered by the legislature. It operated 1869-1888, reopened 1890, and finally closed 1894. The 1871 college building is 300 yards north.
Jefferson Rd. (PA 188) & Pine St., Jefferson
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Monroe County
Formed April 1, 1836 out of Northampton and Pike counties. Named for President James Monroe. Site of Indian raids, 1755-82, and of a segment of Sullivan's March. Pocono Mountains famed as a resort area. County seat, Stroudsburg, was incorporated in 1815.
7th & Monroe Sts. (Mattioli Circle), at courthouse, Stroudsburg
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Montgomery House
Built in 1792 as the residence of General William Montgomery, pioneer settler and father of the founder of Danville. The house is now occupied by the Montour County Historical Society.
1 Bloom St. (Rt. 11) at Mill St., Danville
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Montour County
Formed May 3, 1850 from Columbia County. Named for the Indian woman leader, Madame Montour. Site of the first manufacture of iron T rails for railroads. Inventor of typewriter, Christopher Sholes, born here. County seat, Danville, was incorporated 1849.
County Courthouse, 29 Mill St., at Market St., Danville
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Mooncrest
Designed and built in 1943 by the federal government as defense worker housing. Mooncrest residents produced armor plate, munitions, and ships at the nearby Dravo Corp. during World War II. Operated by U.S. Air Force after 1945; homes sold to private investors in mid-1950s.
Mooncrest Dr. at Old Thorn Run Rd., Moon Twp.
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Moorhead's Fort
About 1781, Fergus Morehead, pioneer settler, built a fort near the buildings about 200 yards south, to protect his family and neighbors from hostile Indians. It was the first permanent settlement in this vicinity.
Philadelphia St. (SR 4032/old US 422) near College Lodge Rd., just W of Indiana
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Moravian Archives
Repository for the records of the Moravian Church, first organized in 1757. The Archives holds a unique collection of manuscripts, books, music, and images relating to the history of the Moravians in North America from 1740 to the present.
41 W Locust St., Bethlehem, at Archives Bldg.
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Moravian Cemetery
Used as a burial place, 1742-1910. Site selected and consecrated by Count von Zinzendorf. Only flat gravestones were permitted. Here are the graves of persons of various nationalities and races.
W. Market St. at cemetery, Bethlehem
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Moravian Community
Community organized June 25, 1742. The oldest buildings are on West Church Street. Those marked are: Gemeinhaus, Sisters' House, Bell House, Brothers' House, and Old Chapel.
Main St. near W Church St., at Central Moravian Church, Bethlehem
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Moravian Gemeinhaus
Built in 1746 by the Moravians as Church, Parsonage, and School. It stood 125 yards to the north, on the elevation on this side of Carter's Run.
NE corner, Main (Pa. 772) & Elm Sts., Lititz
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Morewood Massacre
On April 2, 1891, at the nearby Morewood Mines of the H.C. Frick Coke Co., sheriff's deputies killed seven strikers; two more died later. These were among some 16,000 workers striking for higher wages in the coke region. Thousands of mourners attended the funeral of the original seven victims, who were buried in a mass grave in St. John's Cemetery, Scottdale. By late May the strike had collapsed, & the organizing of coke workers suffered a severe blow.
Moorewood St. (Rt. 981) near Valley Kitchen Rd., W of Rt. 119 & Mt. Pleasant
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Morrow Tavern
A two-story stone house occupied as a tavern by William Morrow stood on this site. George Washington, with staff, lodged here, Oct. 12, 1794, when traveling west to review troops assembled at Bedford to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion.
37 S. Main St., Chambersburg
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Morton Homestead
Begun about 1654 by Morton Mortonson, ancestor of John Morton, Pennsylvania signer of the Declaration in 1776. (Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission) - painted out in blue as it is no longer.
At site, 128 S Lincoln Ave. (PA 420) at Darby Creek, Prospect Park
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Morton Morton House
Built c. 1750 by the great-grandson of Morton Mortonson, Swedish settler who built nearby Morton Homestead, and cousin to Declaration of Independence signer John Morton. The house is a reminder of Norwood Borough's connection to the early settlement of Delaware County.
517 Winona Ave. at drive to site, Norwood
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Moses Tunda Tatamy
A Delaware Indian of the Munsee branch, he exemplified the spirit of reconciliation. He lived on 315 acres northeast of here, patented to him by the Penns, 1738. Tatamy was the first Native American baptized by the famed David Brainerd, 1745. An interpreter, he undertook many diplomatic missions. The borough of Tatamy, incorporated 1893, was named for him.
8th & Main Sts., Tatamy
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Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church
Founded on ground purchased by Richard Allen in 1787, this congregation is the mother church of the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. The present structure, erected in 1889, replaces three earlier churches on this site.
NE corner, S 6th & Lombard Sts., Philadelphia
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Mother Jones (1830-1930)
Mary Harris Jones began the March of the Factory Children here, July 1903, to dramatize the need for child labor legislation. Born in Ireland, Jones was an organizer and inspiring presence in the U.S. coal, steel, and textile labor movements.
N Broad St. & JFK Blvd., N side of City Hall, Philadelphia
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Mother Theresa Maxis Duchemin (1810-1892)
The first American-born African American Catholic nun in the nation and charter member of the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first congregation of religious women of color in the world. In 1845 she helped found the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (IHM) in Michigan. At the request of Bishop John Neumann of Philadelphia, she established an IHM community in Susquehanna County and Laurel Hill Academy, in operation here until 1923.
Turnpike St. (SR 1013) & Broad Ave., Susquehanna Depot
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Mother's Day
Founded by Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia. First officially observed in 1908, it honored motherhood & family life at a time of rising feminist activism. An early supporter was John Wanamaker, whose store stood opposite. Mother's Day was given federal recognition, 1914.
Traffic island, Market & Juniper Sts. (E side of City Hall), Philadelphia
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Mount Pleasant
Called “the most elegant Seat in Pennsylvania” by John Adams, the mansion represents high-style Georgian architecture. It was built in 1762-1765 for John Macpherson, who amassed a fortune privateering in the Caribbean. Records show he also participated in the sale and purchase of enslaved people of African descent from the Caribbean to the northern colonies. Nell, Bernard, Castillis and Cato were known to be enslaved here.
3800 Mount Pleasant Drive Philadelphia, PA 19121
South West side of the circle in front of the mansion.
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Mount Washington Tavern
This building erected in 1816 was once a famous hostelry on the National Road. It is now used as a museum. Great Meadows nearby was once owned by George Washington.
US 40, 1.2 miles NW of Farmington
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Mower General Hospital
Described as the largest U.S. Army hospital of its day; designed by noted architect John McArthur, Jr. Here, wounded Civil War soldiers were cared for, Jan. 1863-May 1865. On 27 acres extending to Stenton Ave., it had some 3,600 beds and treated over 20,000 patients. Razed following the war.
Willow Grove Ave. & Wyndmoor St., Philadelphia
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Moyamensing Prison
Opened in 1835, Thomas U. Walter designed it with elements of Egyptian Revival style and following the revolutionary principle of isolated confinement. With later additions, it could house nearly 5000 inmates - African Americans and women in separate wings. H. H. Holmes, considered Americas first serial killer, was executed here. The last hanging in Pa. took place here in 1916, soon replaced by electrocution. Closed in 1963, it was razed in 1968.
E Passyunk Ave. & S 10th St., at corner of Reed, Philadelphia
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Mt. Equity Plantation
Gov. Thos. McKean, for whom the county was named, purchased here, in 1805, a 299-acre tract. Its name derived from the fact that the purchase was made in part to give Pennsylvania equity of power in lands settled by Connecticut.
Turtle Point-Larabee Rd. (PA 155), near Rock Run Rd., just NW of Turtlepoint
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Muhammad Ali Training Camp
Three-time world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali built his Deer Lake Training Camp here in 1972. After training at a nearby mink farm, he purchased this land on remote Sculps Hill to create his ideal training camp, calling it “Fighter’s Heaven.” Ali trained here through 1980 for some of his most legendary victories, including “Rumble in the Jungle” with George Foreman and “Thrilla in Manila” with his greatest rival, Joe Frazier.
On the roadside leading up to the former training camp.
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Muhammad's Temple of Islam #12
Pennsylvania's first Nation of Islam place of worship. Former home of the African American Muslim community of Philadelphia during the 1950s and 1960s under the leadership of Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X and Imam Wallace D. Muhammad were administrators and teachers here.
4218 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia
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Muhlenberg House
In this house Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, great Lutheran leader, lived from 1776 until his death in 1787. His son Peter Muhlenberg, a noted general of the American Revolution, lived here 1783-1802.
201 Main St. (old US 422), near W 3rd Ave., Trappe
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Muncy
Laid out, 1799, by Benjamin McCarty. Named for the Monsey Indians, tribe of Delawares, who inhabited this area before arrival of the whites. Four Indian paths - Shamokin, Wyalusing, Wyoming, Towanda - formed a junction here.
40 N Main St. at hist. soc., Muncy
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Muncy
Laid out, 1799, by Benjamin McCarty. Named for the Monsey Indians, tribe of Delawares, who inhabited this area before arrival of the whites. Four Indian paths - Shamokin, Wyalusing, Wyoming, Towanda - formed a junction here.
260 E Water St. (PA 405) at hospital, Muncy
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Muncy Mills
The nearby memorial is at the site of this valley's first grist mill. It was built by John Alward about 1772 and burned by Indians 1779. Other mills built on the site in 1783 and 1800. Last mill was used until 1872.
PA 405 at PA 442 and bridge over Muncy Creek, E end of Muncy
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Munsee Indian Village - PLAQUE
This stone marks the site of a former Indian village, occupied after 1743 by a band of Munsee, under Chief Capoose. About 150 feet east of this spot stood a famous apple tree, under which the Indians held their councils. This tree was designated as "the town sign-post of Providence" by the settlers in 1774. It was 13 1/2 feet in circumference when it was blown down in 1885.
843 Providence Rd., on wall near stadium entrance, West Scranton
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Murrysville Gas Well
First gas well in county, and one of world's most productive. Drilled, 1878. Caught fire in 1881, burning for years with tremendous roar and brilliance. Later was controlled and piped to Pittsburgh. Site lies 500 yards S.E. near railroad.
Wm. Penn Hwy. (US 22), at Reed Blvd., Murrysville
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Nanticoke
Named for Nanticoke Indians from Maryland, who settled here about 1750. Adopted in 1753 by the Six Nations, they settled at Chenango, near Binghamton, N.Y. to guard the "Southern Door" of the Confederacy.
SW corner of E Ridge & S Prospect Sts., at municipal bldg., Nanticoke
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Nanticoke
The town across the river was named for Nanticoke Indians from Maryland, who settled here about 1750. Adopted 1753 by the Six Nations, they settled at Chenango, now Binghamton, N. Y., to guard the "Southern Door" of the Confederacy.
W Main St. (US 11), at bridge to Nanticoke
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National Funeral for President Washington
George Washington died on December 14, 1799. Congress set Dec. 26 as a day of formal mourning in Philadelphia, the nation's capital from 1790 to 1800. The national funeral service was in Zion Lutheran Church--located at this site, 1766-1870--and among those attending was President John Adams. In his funeral oration, Congressman Henry Lee spoke the famous tribute: "First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen."
SE corner, N 4th & Cherry Streets, Philadelphia
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National Negro Opera Company
Here at the Cardwell School of Music, this first national Black opera company was founded in 1941 by Mary Cardwell Dawson. Noted for its musical genius, it performed for 21 years in Pittsburgh, Washington, New York, and other cities.
7101 Apple St., Homewood section
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National Road
From the creation of the National Road in 1806 until the advent of the railroads in the 1850s, thousands of travellers crossed Chestnut Ridge between the East and Midwest. Founded in 1791, Hopwood was a major resting stop for traffic in both directions.
US 40 (Bus.) at Fairchance Rd., Hopwood (in front of Hopwood Fire Dept.)
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National Road
Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U. S. Route 40.
National Pike (US 40), near 3350 Nat'l. Pike, 1.7 miles NW of Farmington
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National Road
Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U. S. Route 40.
US 40 NW of Brier Hill at cemetery
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National Road
Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U.S. Route 40.
National Pike (US 40) near Old Forty Rd., SE of Addison near State line
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National Road
Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U.S. Route 40.
US 40 at Coffey's Crossing Rd. (T-526), 1 mile before bridge, SW of Washington
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National Tube Works
Incorporated 1869, the works began production here, 1872. By 1901, when it became a subsidiary of U.S. Steel, this was the world's largest pipe producer. Major advances in inspection techniques originated here. Plant operations ceased in 1987.
575 Lysle Blvd. (PA 148), at subway entrance to plant, McKeesport
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Nazareth
Moravian settlers arrived here in 1740 from a failing colony in Georgia. Bishop August B. Spangenberg led an experiment in communal living, called the "Great Economy," 1745-1765. It was designed to support Christian missionaries to the Indians.
E. Center St. (PA 191) opposite N. Pine St. at Whitefield House, Nazareth
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Nellie Bly
A crusading journalist on Pittsburgh and New York newspapers, she won fame for her daring exploits and her investigations of social ills. In 1889-90, Bly circled the globe in 72 days. She was born Elizabeth Cochran and lived here as a child.
500 Terrace Avenue, Apollo
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Nescopeck
Name of Shawnee-Delaware Indian village located here. From Braddock's defeat in 1755 until Fort Augusta was built in 1756 it was a rallying point for Indians hostile to the English.
S side of 3rd St. (PA 93), SE of bridge, Nescopeck
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Nescopeck
From the mouth of Nescopeck Creek an Indian path went east over the mountains by the way of present Hazleton to the Lehigh near Mauch Chunk, then to the "Forks of the Delaware" at Easton.
Front St. (US 11) at Fowler Ave., East Berwick
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Nescopeck
After Braddock's defeat in 1755, the Delaware town of Nescopeck, across the river, was rendezvous for Indians hostile to Pennsylvania. A friendly Seneca, Silver Heels, saw 140 warriors dance the war dance here.
US 11, .5 mile E of East Berwick
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Neshannock Potato
The once widely-known and choice variety originated just west of here, on a farm occupied by John Gilkey, 1798-1826. A brother, James, was fellow-worker. Their potato was also called Mercer or Gilkey.
US 19 at SR 1004 (Shaw Rd.) just S of Mercer County line, New Wilmington
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Nessmuk
The pen name of poet, woodsman, outdoor writer and pioneer conservationist George Washington Sears (1821-1890), a resident of Wellsboro, Pa. From near this spot he wrote the first prose and verse descriptions of the Pine Creek Gorge.
Very end of PA 660, Leonard Harrison State Park at end of parking lot
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Nessmuk
Nessmuk was the pen name of pioneer conservationist and woodsman George Washington Sears (1821-1890), a resident of Wellsboro. Noted chiefly as the author of first book on woodcraft, Sears was also a poet, adventurer, canoeist and outdoor writer.
Courthouse Square, Main St. (PA 660) near Charles St., Wellsboro
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Neville House
Known as Woodville. Built 1785 by Gen. John Neville; later occupied by his son, Col. Presley Neville. Refuge of Gen. Neville's family when some Whiskey Rebels burned his home at Bower Hill, July 17, 1794.
PA 50 just S of Woodville (NHL site), Collier Twp./Heidelberg
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New Century Guild
Founded 1882 by Eliza S. Turner. One of the oldest and largest organizations created to advance the interests of women in the labor force. Originally located on Girard St., the Guild moved to Arch St. in 1893 and to this location in 1906.
1307 Locust St., Philadelphia
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New Goschenhoppen Reformed Church
Organized as a congregation in 1727 with George Michael Weiss as first pastor. Of the Reformed Churches in the U. S., it has the oldest existing register. Ancestors of Gov. John S. Fisher are among the many pioneer settlers buried in the first churchyard.
Goschenhoppen Church Rd. at Church R (SR 1042), W of East Greenville
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New Hanover Lutheran Church
The first German Lutheran Church in America; organized by Daniel Falckner about 1700. From 1742 to 1761 Henry Melchior Muhlenberg served as pastor. Present building, one-quarter mile NE, was erected in 1767.
Swamp Pike (county highway), at Lutheran Rd., near Gilbertsville Golf Course, .2 mile SE of New Hanover
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New Sweden
In 1643 the colony's Governor, Johan Printz, established its capital here on Tinicum Island. Earlier, in 1638, New Sweden had been founded at the site of present Wilmington. Although the colony was captured by the Dutch in 1655, many Swedish and Finnish settlers remained. This was the region's first permanent European settlement, some four decades before William Penn's 1681 founding of Pennsylvania.
Governor Printz Park, 2nd St. & Taylor Ave., near parking area at DE River side of park, Essington
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Newport Fugitive Slave Rescue
In July 1841, three Md. slaves, Alick, Tom, and Ben, were pursued to Newport by bounty hunters. While Ben drowned as he attempted to cross the Juniata River, the other two were captured. Several Newport citizens aided the fugitives' escape, and in 1842 six of them were fined in a federal court for their actions. The event is an example of growing tensions between the North and the South prior to the Civil War that led to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act.
at Lutheran church, Market St. (Rt. 34) at 4th St., Newport
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NFL Films
Founded here in 1965, the filmmaking arm of the National Football League helped propel the NFL to popularity in the US. The company's creative innovations won it numerous Emmys, gave fans a new perspective on the game, and revolutionized the presentation of sports on TV.
230 N 13th St.
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Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844)
The financier, statesman, & scholar lived here. President, 1823-1836, Second Bank of the United States, the nation's central bank. He also spurred the rise of Greek Revival architecture and edited the journals of the Lewis & Clark expedition.
715 Spruce St., Philadelphia
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Nicholas Depuy
First known settler in this region, 1727. His home, stockaded and garrisoned, became the Fort Depuy of the French and Indian War, after 1755.
River Rd. (SR 2028), betw. Depuy Rd. & Shawnee Church Rd., .5 mile NE of Shawnee
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Nicholas Dupuy (1682-1762) - PLAQUE
The first settler of Shawnee in 1727, purchased 3,000 acres of land, including the Island of Shawno and Manwalamink, from the Minsi Indians. He was a grandson of Nicholas Dupuy and his wife Catherine De Vos, Huguenot refugees from Antois France, who with their sons Nicholas, John and Moses arrived in New Amsterdam, in 1662. William Allen in 1750 conveyed five acres of land to Nicholas Dupuy and others for a Dutch Reformed Congregation, now the Presbyterian Church.
River Rd. (SR 2028) & Hollow Rd. (SR 2023), Shawnee
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Nicola Monachesi (c. 1795-1851)
Born and trained in Italy, this artist executed some of the first fresco paintings in America, beginning in the 1830s. His commissions decorated many grand homes, Catholic churches, and public buildings such as the Merchants' Exchange Building on South 3rd St. The ceiling frescoes at St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church are a rare surviving example of his work. Monachesi became a US citizen and lived in Philadelphia until his death.
at St. Augustine's R.C. Church, 246-60 N 4th St., Philadelphia
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Nile Swim Club
Opened in 1959, it is the nation’s first private swim club owned and operated by African Americans. Led by three civic-minded families who were denied membership at the local swim club, community members united and purchased land for their own facility. Although the Nile is open to all, it has fostered and encouraged aquatic, civic, social, and cultural opportunities that otherwise would not have been available to African Americans.
At entrance to club along Union Avenue
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NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Supreme Court Ruling
In a landmark ruling on April 12, 1937, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. The company had fired unionized workers at its Aliquippa plant here, but the court ordered their reinstatement and established workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively.
Franklin Ave. & Station St. (just below PA 51), Aliquippa
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Northampton County
Formed March 11, 1752 out of Bucks County. Named for Northamptonshire in England. Easton, county seat, was incorporated in 1789. County is noted as a leading center for the steel industry and for cement and slate production.
Canal Museum, Hugh Moore Park, Delaware Dr. (PA 611) near S 3rd St., Easton
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Northkill Amish
The first organized Amish Mennonite congregation in America. Established by 1740. Disbanded following Indian attack, September 29, 1757, in which a Provincial soldier and three members of the Jacob Hochstetler family were killed near this point.
Old US 22, 1 mile W of Shartlesville
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Northumberland County
Formed March 21, 1772 from Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Bedford and Northampton counties. Some 27 counties today occupy its once vast area. Sunbury, the county seat, was laid out 1772. Site of Fort Augusta, a key post built 1756-57.
Courthouse, 2nd & Market Sts., Sunbury
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Norvelt
Originally called "Westmoreland Homesteads," Norvelt was established April 13, 1934, by the federal government as part of a New Deal homestead project. With 250 homes, Norvelt provided housing, work, and a community environment to unemployed workers and their families during the Great Depression. It was renamed "Norvelt" in 1937 in honor of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her interest in the project.
Mt. Pleasant Road (LR 6406), at Roosevelt Hall, Norvelt
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Nuclear Accident at Three Mile Island
On March 28, 1979, and for several days thereafter -- as a result of technical malfunctions and human error -- Three Mile Island's Unit 2 Nuclear Generating Station was the scene of the nation's worst commercial nuclear accident. Radiation was released, a part of the nuclear core was damaged, and thousands of residents evacuated the area. Events here would cause basic changes throughout the world's nuclear power industry.
River Rd. (PA 441), S of Royalton (1 mile S of the main gate to Three Mile Island)
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Octavius V. Catto (1839-1871)
An early graduate of the Institute for Colored Youth, Catto, who lived here, was an educator, Union army major, and political organizer. In 1871 he was assassinated by rioters while urging Blacks to vote. His death was widely mourned.
812 South St., Philadelphia
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Oil Creek
Along this stream the first white explorers found Indians skimming surface oil. From 1859 to 1865, the center of oil production and its refining was along the banks of Oil Creek.
Smock Blvd. (PA 8) at Bloss St. and deadend of S Franklin St., Titusville
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Oil Creek Railroad
Opened in 1862, this railroad revolutionized the shipment of oil from the oil fields near Titusville to Corry, a hub for major rail lines. The 27-mile line rendered dangerous and wasteful waterway transport, as well as labor intensive horse-drawn wagons, obsolete. It also brought thousands of fortune seekers to the region. From its beginning it enjoyed an extraordinary volume of business and became one of the most profitable lines in the nation.
N Center St. (PA 426), east side, Corry (adjacent to RR tracks)
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Oil Well Supply Company
Founded nearby in 1878, it was a leading manufacturer of oil well machinery and supplies, serving the oil industry across the globe. By the early 1900s, employment peaked at 2,000. In 1930 it became a subsidiary of U.S. Steel.
E Front St. (US 62), just before State St. bridge, Oil City
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Oil-Producing Salt Well
Drilled here in 1815 by Samuel Magaw and William Clark to reach brine, a frontier source of salt. When it was deepened by Daniel Shryock to 300 feet in 1819, oil was struck. Because of this unwanted byproduct, the well and salt works here were closed, 1821. This early yield of oil from a drilled well occurred 40 years before Edwin L. Drake's 1859 discovery near Titusville.
PA 198 near Redd's Corner Rd., Lawrence Corners, 1 mile E of Ohio line
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Okehocking Indian Town - PLAQUE
The chiefs Pokhais, Sepopawny and Muttagooppa with their people, of the Unami group *Their totem * The tortoise * of the Lenni-Lenape or Delawares were moved from Lower Ridley and Crum Creeks by William Penn to a square tract of 500 acres on the north side of this road East of Ridley Creek, the only Indian Reservation the Proprietor ever established 1701.
West Chester Pike (PA 3), .5 mile E of Street Rd. (PA 926) & equidistant between West Chester and Newtown Square
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Old Arch Bridge
The restored stone bridge opposite was built in 1813. It was part of the turnpike from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The arch is without a keystone.
Bus. 22, just E of Lewistown
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Old Brick Capitol
The first State Capitol on this site was designed and built by Stephen Hills, 1819-1821. It was first occupied by the Legislature on January 2, 1822, and was used until destroyed by fire, February 2, 1897.
Main entrance to Capitol (in lawn north of steps), Third and State Streets, Harrisburg
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Old Chapel
The second place of worship, 1751-1806. Here many noted persons of the American Revolution heard early Moravian music and the Gospel. Prominent clergy were Bishops Nitschmann, Spangenberg, de Watteville, and Ettwein.
Heckewelder Pl. (one way) near W Church St., at site, Bethlehem
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Old Court House
"Widow Piper's Tavern," used for Cumberland County court-sessions, 1750-51, until a court house was erected at Carlisle, the county seat. The house is now the home of the Shippensburg Civic Club.
E King St. (US 11) & N Queen St., Shippensburg
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Old Courthouse
First courthouse for Adams County stood in old Center Square from 1804 to 1859. The land for the Square was given by James Gettys.
SW section of Square, York (Rt. 30) & Baltimore Sts., Gettysburg
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Old Courthouses
Two Dauphin County Courthouses occupied this site. The first, built 1792-99, served as the State House for the Pennsylvania Legislature from 1812 to 1821. It was removed in 1860. The second stood here from 1860 to 1948.
Market St. between 2nd & 3rd Sts., Harrisburg (Missing)
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Old Economy
Third and last home, 1825-1905, of the Harmony Society, religious community founded by George Rapp in 1805. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At site, 13th & Church Sts., Ambridge
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Old Economy Memorial
Maintained by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission as a State memorial to the Harmony Society, organized February 15, 1805, dissolved December 15, 1905. These buildings erected 1824-1831, comprise a portion of the third settlement by the society. 1st Settlement - Harmony, Butler Co., Pa., 1804-15. 2nd Settlement - New Harmony, Posey Co., Ind., 1814-25. 3rd Settlement - Economy, Beaver Co., Pa., 1824-1905.
13th St. at Ohio River Blvd (PA 65), at corner of site, Ambridge
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Old Forge
On the south bank of the Lackawanna River opposite this spot was located the iron forge built 1789 by Dr. William Smith and James Sutton. This was the region's oldest forge, after which the town was named.
S. Main St. (SR 3013) at Lonesome Rd., near metal bridge, Old Forge
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Old Franklin County Jail
Of Georgian design, this jail was built in 1818 and was in continuous use for 152 years. The third oldest building in the borough, it survived the burning of Chambersburg by Confederate forces during the Civil War.
E. King St. (US 11) at N. 2nd St., Chambersburg
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Old French Road
Here the modern highway leaves the course of the Presque Isle Portage, part of the historic Venango Trail. The French Road, built in 1753, following an Indian path, turned down into the valley.
Old French Rd. (PA 97) near Gore Rd., S of Erie
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Old Garrison
Built in 1796 to replace Fort Franklin. The site at the foot of Tenth Street is now under water. It commanded both French Creek and the Allegheny River. Occupied by U.S. troops until 1799, it was later the first jail of Venango County.
Liberty St. (US 322) at 10th St., Franklin
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Old Glassworks
Half a mile east of here, 1794-1797, the first glass factory west of the Alleghenies was founded by Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson. He was aided by skillful glassworkers from the Amelung factory -- Kramer, Gabler, Eberhart, Reppert, and Reitz. Factory closed in 1807.
New Geneva Rd. (PA 166), across from elem. school and near Friendship Hill site, New Geneva
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Old Glassworks
On this site, the first glass factory west of the Monongahela River was established in 1805 through the stimulating influence of Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson. Glass was made here until 1849.
SR 2014, near intersection w/ Hillman St. and Martin Ferry Rd., Greensboro
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Old Haverford Friends' Meeting
This site has been a center for Friends' activities since 1684. The older section of the present structure, since remodeled, was built in 1700 as an addition to the original log meeting house where William Penn worshipped in the eleventh month, 1699.
E. Eagle Rd. (SR 1005) between Merwood & Denis Lns., Haverford
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Old Jail
The Lancaster jail was located a half block to the north from 1753 to 1851. The last remaining Conestoga Indians were held here in protective custody in 1763. They were killed by a vigilante group, the Paxton Boys. No arrests were made.
W. King St., north side, between Prince & Water Sts., Lancaster
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Old Log Building
The one-and-a-half story structure that stands about 100 yards north of here is one of the oldest buildings in Waynesboro. Built for a schoolhouse and church between 1770 and 1780 by John Bourns. Later used as a dwelling.
E. Main St. & Roadside Ave., Waynesboro
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Old Log Church
On land granted by John Schell for the purpose of erecting a union church, construction of this primitive log church building was begun in 1806 by the Reformed and Lutheran Congregations of this area.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30), near Cemetery Rd., just W of Schellsburg
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Old Salem Church
Standing on land granted for religious purposes in 1785 by John Harris, this church was erected, 1822. It replaced one built of logs in 1787, the first church structure in present-day Harrisburg.
Chestnut St. between 2nd & 3rd Sts., Harrisburg
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Old St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church
In 1729, Rev. Joseph Greaton, SJ, established the earliest foundation of Catholicism in Pa. He was the church's first pastor and the only Catholic priest in Philadelphia when the church was built in 1733. Jesuits from this parish founded the early frontier missions of Conewago in Adams County and Goshenhoppen in Berks County, as well as the first Catholic churches in New Jersey and Delaware.
324 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Old St. Luke's Church
Oldest Episcopal Church in southwestern Pennsylvania, founded after the French & Indian War by veteran Maj. William Lea on his land grant. Francis Reno was the first vicar. Church members included Gen. John Neville, the unpopular tax collector in 1794 Whiskey Rebellion that disrupted the area and unsettled the congregation. Renewed interest in 1852 led to this stone church, with its 1823 English Pipe organ, the first brought over the Alleghenies.
330 Old Washington Pike, Scott Twp.
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Old St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church
Founded in 1763, it is one of the nation's earliest Catholic churches and the first Roman Catholic cathedral in Pa. At a time of anti-Catholic sentiment in Colonial America, it symbolized the religious tolerance of Pa. that was later adopted in the US Constitution. The Continental Congress attended services several times as a sign of respect for the Catholic countries of France and Spain, America's allies during the Revolutionary War.
at church, 250-252 S 4th St., Philadelphia
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Old State Line
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The State paid $151,640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.
Edinboro Rd. (PA 99) at N Main St., McKean
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Old State Line
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The State paid $151, 640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.
US 19N near Sharp Rd. and golf course, ~4.5 mi. N of Waterford
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Old State Line
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The State paid $151,640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.
W Main St. (US 20) near Old Ridge Rd., Girard
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Old State Line
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The state paid $151,640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.
W Lake Rd. (PA 5) at Happy Valley Rd., E of North Springfield
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Old State Line
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The State paid $151,640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.
Main St. (PA 8) at S end of Wattsburg
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Old State Road (Milesburg to Waterford)
The first road to the northwest frontier of Pennsylvania. Opened to the Allegheny River in 1804. In this section, it followed, generally, the course of the Chinklacamoose Path. During the War of 1812, troops under Major McClellan were transported over it to Erie. Highway crosses the route of old road at this point.
Behringer Hwy. (US 322) at Thunderbird Rd., SW of Dubois
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Old Stone Fort
Sometimes referred to as Fort Matamoras, this stone structure was built about 1740 by Simon Westfael, one of the earliest Dutch settlers in the region. It was a refuge from Indians in days of frontier warfare.
1st St. , between Deevand Circle & Ave. P (several blocks S of US 6 & 209), Matamoras
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Old Stone House
A haven for lumbermen, drovers and travelers, this important landmark and once famous hostelry was built in 1822 at the crossroads of the old Venango Trail and Butler to Mercer Pike by John K. Brown of Oliver. The Marquis de Lafayette may have stopped here on June 1, 1825.
Across PA 8 from site, at junction with Centreville Pk. (PA 173), W of Hallston
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Old Stone House
Pioneer wayside inn. Built in 1822 and reconstructed in 1963.
At site, Hallston Rd. (SR 1010), just up from Wm. Flynn Hwy. (PA 8), W of Hallston
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Old Swedish Burial Ground
Site of first St. Paul's Episcopal Church, built in 1702. The grave of John Morton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, is located just south of here.
inside cemetery entrance at 3rd St., E of Ave. of the States, Chester
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Old Waterworks
As early as 1754, water was pumped from a spring to a water tower, that stood east of here, through hollowed trunks of trees. It then flowed by gravity to five cisterns or reservoirs. Original engine house stands about 60 yds. S.W.
Main St. N of Lehigh River Bridge, at base of bridge near stone bldg., Bethlehem
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Old Woolen Factory
A short distance SE, along the Loyalsock, is the site of old factory established in 1810 by Samuel Rogers, Jr. During the War of 1812, it made kersey cloth for the army. Flood in 1816 stopped operation of the factory.
Junction PA 87 & 154, Forksville
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Oldest Oil Producing Well
McClintock No. 1 Oil Well has produced continuously since August, 1861. Drilled only two years after the famous Drake Well, it is located 240 yards away, across the railroad.
Wm. Flinn Hwy. (PA 8) at Waitz Rd., near bridge over Oil Creek, just S of Rouseville
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Oldest Photograph
America's earliest surviving photograph was made here about Sept. 25, 1839. Using a cigar box and crude lens, Joseph Saxton of the U.S. Mint created an image of Central High School (now demolished) shortly after Daguerre had announced his process in France.
NW corner, Chestnut & Juniper Sts., Philadelphia
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Ole Bull's Colony
The 11,144 acres of land within the tract acquired by the noted Norwegian violinist in 1852 were SE of here. Here were village sites, New Norway, Oleona, New Bergen, Walhalla, and Ole Bull's Castle.
Cherry Spgs. Rd. (PA 44), near W Branch Rd., at Cherry Springs State Park
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Olean Road
This early road from Olean to Kittanning followed the Catawba Path, formerly used by Five Nations war parties attacking the Catawbas of South Carolina. Near here it crossed the Indian path from Venango (Franklin) to Chinklacamoose (Clearfield).
Main St. (US 322), near Olean Rd. (Rt. 949), Corsica
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Oley Moravians
A building erected about 1748 by Moravians, for use as a church and school, stands on the side road, about 1.5 miles away. Here they conducted a boarding school, 1745-51; and built a later schoolhouse, since demolished, in 1776.
Memorial Hwy. (PA 622), near Mine Ln., ~1 mile S of Oley
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Oliver Pollock (1737-1823)
Scots-Irish immigrant who amassed wealth as a merchant and slave trader and contributed the modern equivalent of several million dollars to the Revolutionary War. Believing control of the West pivotal to America's future, he negotiated to open routes along the Mississippi River enabling the delivery of vital arms and supplies and financed the Illinois Campaign. Massive debt from the war led to imprisonment and loss of many holdings. He lived here from 1792 to 1806.
6395 Carlisle Pike, Mechanicsburg
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One Red Rose - Caspar Wistar PLAQUE
One red rose is annually paid by Trinity Reformed Church to the heirs of Casper Wistar, of Philadelphia, who in 1738 gave one hundred acres of land for church purposes. The congregation was formed by Reformed families among the Tulpehocken settlers. The first communion service was conducted by Reverend John Phillip Boehm, Oct. 18, 1727.
On church at 963 Tulpehocken Rd., near Reilly Rd. (T409) and Berks County line, just east of Myerstown
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One-Room Schoolhouse
The Mount Jackson or Potato Point School, originally built in 1865, is an authentically reconstructed one-room schoolhouse. It was relocated here in 1969 by alumni and friends of Shippensburg State College to preserve part of America's educational heritage.
N Earl St./Newburg Rd. (PA 696) at the University, Shippensburg
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Opportunities Industrialization Centers
Established here in an abandoned jailhouse in 1964, O.I.C. was founded by Rev. Leon H. Sullivan and achieved worldwide recognition as a self-help vocational training center for Blacks which opened job opportunities formerly closed to them.
N 19th St., between Turner & Oxford Sts., Philadelphia
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Ora Washington (1899-1971)
African American athlete who dominated black women's tennis, 1929-1937. She won eight national singles titles from American Tennis Association; starred with Philadelphia Tribunes, women's basketball team, 1932-1942; played and taught here at YWCA.
6128 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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Osborne's Hill - PLAQUE
From this ridge General Howe directed the movements of the British Army at the Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777.
Birmingham Rd. (SR 2001) & Country Club Rd. at driveway to Osborne Hill, S of West Chester
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Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960)
Lyricist and librettist whose collaboration with composer Richard Rodgers transformed the Broadway musical. Their works include South Pacific (1949), The King & I (1951), and The Sound of Music (1959). The bucolic landscape of Hammerstein's nearby farm inspired him to write "Oh, What a Beautiful Morning" for the musical Oklahoma! in 1943.
E State St. (Bus. 202) at East Rd., Doylestown
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Otto Maya
A champion racer during the bicycle craze that swept the United States in the 1890s. After racing locally for several years, he competed against bicyclists from other states and nations in major contests between 1896 and 1906; foremost among these were the six - day team races at the old Madison Square Garden in New York. Maya had lived here as a boy above his family's business, which he later managed on his return to Erie in 1907.
10th & State Streets, Erie (Missing)
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Out of This Furnace
Set mainly in Braddock, Thomas Bell’s 1941 novel follows three genera-tions of an immigrant Slovak family here. Bell drew on personal history, including a job at Edgar Thomson Steel Works, to create this vivid depiction of working-class life in industrial Pittsburgh.
corner of Braddock Ave and 13th Street
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Owen Wister (1860-1938)
Author of "The Virginian" (1902), which became the prototype for the Western novel. This work defined the cowboy as folk hero & coined the phrase, "When you call me that, smile!" Born here, Wister was a lifelong resident of the Philadelphia area.
5203 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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Packer Mansion
Standing on the nearby hill is the home of Asa Packer, industrialist, philanthropist, congressman and founder of Lehigh University. The ornate mansion, built in 1860, has been carefully preserved with its original furnishings and is maintained as a memorial.
Susquehanna St. (US 209) at park near railroad station, Jim Thorpe
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Pandenarium
Arriving in November 1854, 63 African Americans settled an agricultural community north of Indian Run. Freed through manumission by Va. plantation owner Dr. Charles Everett, many of these formerly enslaved men and women worked to purchase the freedom of others. Abolitionist-built houses on land provided by Everett awaited them. Archaeological investigations have uncovered their stories of hard-fought freedom, collaboration, and perseverance.
Perry Hwy. (US 19) at point at New Castle-Mercer Rd., Wilmington Twp., ~2 miles S of Mercer and ~.1 S of I-80
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Parker Kidnapping & Rescue
Emboldened by the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, Maryland slave catchers kidnapped Rachel and Elizabeth Parker from the Nottingham area in 1851. Rachel's employer Joseph Miller was murdered in a failed attempt to rescue her from Baltimore. Public outrage led Pa. officials to seek the sisters' release in a Md. civil court case that secured their freedom in 1853. The forcible enslavement of two young free black women galvanized antislavery sentiment.
At Fremont Cemetery & Union Methodist Church, 321 Fremont Rd., Nottingham, PA
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Parkers Landing Petroglyphs
Many generations of native people visited rocks along the Allegheny River near here to inscribe images of humans, animals, mythological creatures, and abstract forms. The number and variety of designs and the undeveloped surrounding landscape make them unique. Although submerged most of the year, they provide a significant record of the legends and beliefs of people who lived and traveled in Pennsylvania thousands of years ago.
Along route 368 and is located on the property of the owner of the Petroglyph site. This is the last section of open level ground adjacent the main highway above the river and provides a convenient stopping location to read the sign.
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Patrick C. Boyle (1846-1920)
Early oil scout and pioneering oil industry journalist, editor, and publisher. He owned and managed The Derrick newspaper and The Oil and Gas Journal, shaping them into nationally influential petroleum industry trade publications. The Derrick was printed near here.
Creekside Park at Oil Creek, Center St. opposite Methodist church, Oil City
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Patrick Gass (1771-1870)
Enlisted by Meriwether Lewis as a private in the Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1803-1806; selected as a Sergeant in August, 1804. His carpentry and soldiering skills earned written commendation from Lewis. Gass later published his diaries of the Expedition. A veteran of the War of 1812 and Battle of Lundy's Lane, Ontario, Gass was born and resided here until age 10.
181 Franklin Farm Ln., just N of Rt. 30 , Chambersburg, off Rt. 30 (back from Rd.)
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Patterson's Fort
A stockade built about 1755 to protect settlers from Indian marauders. Capt. James Patterson was builder and commandant. It was located nearby to overlook the Juniata.
Wm. Penn Hwy. (SR 3001), near Gill Rd. (Rt. 382), just E of Mexico
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Patton's Fort
Nearby stood Patton's Fort, a station of the Paxton Rangers, who defended the gaps and farmsteads along the Blue Mountains from the Susquehanna River to Swatara Creek near Indiantown against Indian raids in 1756 to 1763.
Linglestown Rd. (PA 39) at Patton Rd., 1.4 miles W of Linglestown
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Paul Allman Siple (1908-1968)
One of the world's foremost authorities on Antarctica, he was honored internationally for his work as scientist, explorer, inventor, geographer, diplomat, and author. An Eagle Scout and NIAGARA Sea Scout from Erie, Siple was selected from all US Boy Scouts to accompany R.E. Byrd on his 1928-30 Antarctic Expedition. In 1957, he led the first team ever to winter at the South Pole. Siple designed all-climate army gear and devised the "Wind Chill Index."
At front entrance of Erie Maritime Museum, 150 E Front St., Erie
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Paul Philippe Cret (1876-1945)
A celebrated architect and civic planner, Cret lived after 1911 here at 516 Woodland Terrace in this block of Italianate villas built in 1861. His legacy includes the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, Rodin Museum, and (in Washington, DC) the Folger Library.
516 Woodland Terrace, Philadelphia
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Paul Robeson (1898-1976)
A Rutgers athlete and Columbia law graduate, Robeson won renown as a singer and actor. He was a noted interpreter of Negro spirituals. His career suffered because of his political activism, and he lived his last years here in retirement.
4951 Walnut St. (at 50th), Philadelphia
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Pauline Hanauer Rosenberg (1863-1940)
Progressive reformer and advocate for women, children, immigrants, and the poor. A founder of the National Council of Jewish Women and its second president, Rosenberg lived here. NCJW’s immigrant aid leadership raised awareness of and actively inhibited human trafficking.
Rosenberg's former residence.
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Paxtang Manor
A tract of 1272 acres, now this part of Harrisburg, was first surveyed in 1732 for Thomas Penn, and was known as Paxtang Manor. It was sold, 1760, to three colonial settlers: Thomas Simpson, Thomas Forster, Thomas McKee.
Riverfront Park, Front & Calder Sts., Harrisburg
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Paxton Church
A short way from here is early 18th century Paxton Church. The first pastor was installed in 1732. In the churchyard are buried John Harris, Jr., founder of Harrisburg, Senator William Maclay, and many other eminent leaders.
3700 block Derry St. near Wilhelm Rd., Paxtang
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Paxton Church
Organized as a congregation in 1732 with William Bertram as first pastor. The second pastor was the famed "Fighting Parson," John Elder. In the churchyard are buried John Harris, Jr., William Maclay and other notables of this region.
At church on Paxtang Ave., near Sharon St., Paxtang
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Paxton Riflemen
Under Capt. Matthew Smith and Lt. Michael Simpson, a company of riflemen from Paxton Township marched to Quebec, Canada, to serve with Montgomery in the attack on that city on December 31, 1775.
U.S. 22, 5.7 miles NE of Harrisburg
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Peace Church
Present building erected in 1798 by a Reformed congregation. Half-interest obtained in 1806 by a Lutheran congregation; in joint use until 1866. Kept in its original form; used for special services.
at site, PA 641 (Trindle Rd.) at St. John's Rd., W of Camp Hill
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Peace Church
Present building erected in 1798 by a Reformed congregation. Half-interest obtained in 1806 by a Lutheran congregation; in joint use until 1866. Kept in its original form; used annually by St. John's Lutheran. A half-mile away.
Carlisle Pike (SR 1010) at St. John's Rd., 1.2 miles W. of Camp Hill
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Pearl Bailey (1919-1990)
Bailey, who lived here as a youth, became one of America's most prominent entertainers. She sang with the big bands during the 1940s and gained her greatest fame in the 1967 Broadway production of "Hello, Dolly!"
1946 N 23rd St., Philadelphia
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Pearl S. Buck
Author of over 300 books and other published works, she strove for better understanding between peoples. Her novel "The Good Earth" was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1932. Her "epic portrayals of Chinese farm life" helped win her the Nobel Prize in literature in 1938. Following her many years in China, she lived after 1934 here at Green Hills Farm. It later became home to The Pearl S. Buck Foundation.
At Pearl S. Buck historic site/Green Hills Farm, 520 Dublin Road, Perkasie
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Penn Common
Set aside in 1805 by the heirs of William Penn as a common for the inhabitants of York.
W College Ave. at S Beaver, Penn Park, York (MISSING)
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Penn Landing
Oct. 29, 1682, soon after finishing a two-months' voyage, William Penn first set foot on his colony of Pennsylvania, granted by Charles II the year before. The site is a block south.
SE corner, 2nd (Pa. 291) & Penn Sts., at end of park, Chester
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Penn State University Fruit Research & Extension Center
Founded in 1918, FREC was established in response to management challenges faced by Pennsylvania fruit growers. Originally located in Arendtsville, the center moved here in 1971. Groundbreaking research has been conducted at FREC related to fruit production systems and diseases, and the center’s integrated pest management pro-grams have revolutionized insect control. Activities here have had global influence on fruit production and marketing.
At site - GPS Coordinates 39.935113, -77.256125
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Penn Treaty Park
Traditional site of a treaty between William Penn and the Indians, this park is maintained by the City of Philadelphia in commemoration of the Proprietor's peaceful relations with the Indians.
At Park on Delaware River, foot of Cecil B. Moore (Columbia) Ave., Philadelphia
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Penn's Common
Given in common to the citizens of Reading, in 1748, by the family of William Penn.
Perkiomen Ave. (Business U.S. 422 westbound), near 11th & Penn intersection, Reading
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Penn-Craft
This experimental community for coal miners unemployed during the Depression was developed, 1937-43, by the American Friends Service Committee. On the 200-acre tract, fifty families built their stone houses, a cooperative store, and a knitting factory. A model for other self-help projects elsewhere, Penn-Craft was a successful example of the back-to-the-land movement of the 1930s.
On Penncraft Rd. at Penncraft 02 (a.k.a. Circle 2) Rd., Luzerne Twp., off Rt. 166 W of Merrittstown
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Pennepack Baptist Church
It was founded in 1688 by Welsh and English Baptists led by Rev. Elias Keach who sought the religious freedom of William Penn's colony. It was the first permanent Baptist church in Pa. and mother church of Baptist congregations in the mid-Atlantic region. The nearby Pennypack Creek was utilized for baptisms. The cemetery's first recorded burial was in 1692. The existing 1805 church is built on the original 1707 meetinghouse foundation.
8732 Krewstown Rd., Philadelphia
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Pennhurst State School & Hospital
Between 1908 and 1987, more than 10,500 Pennsylvanians with developmental disabilities lived here. Public controversy over the inhumane treatment of residents and two decades of complex litigation, including three arguments before the US Supreme Court, led to the institution's closure. Groundbreaking advocacy and new public policy, including transition to community-based living, made Pennhurst a milestone in the disabilities civil rights movement.
Schuylkill Rd. (PA 724) near Bridge St., Spring City
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Penns Creek Massacre
October 16, 1755, a band of Indians ambushed and killed, wounded, or took captive some 26 settlers of this region. The attack was just west along Penns Creek, and first to follow Braddock's defeat.
N Susquehanna Trail (PA 522), just S of US 11/15 and just N of Selinsgrove
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Penns Creek Massacre - PLAQUE
In commemoration of the (John) Penn's Creek Massacre, which occurred along this stream on October, 1755, when the settlers were attacked by the Indians and about 26 killed, wounded or carried into captivity. This was the first Indian outbreak within the province of Pennsylvania following the defeat of General Edward Braddock, in the French and Indian War.
S Old Trail near Airport Rd. off 522 (iron bridge visible to the W) at Penn's Creek, just N of Selinsgrove (on mount with Harris Ambush plaque)
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Pennsbury
William Penn's country home in Pennsylvania, built 1683-1700. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At site, 400 Pennsbury Meml. Ln., E of Tullytown
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Pennsbury Manor
William Penn's country home in Pennsylvania, built 1683-1700. Here he often resided while in America. Re-created by the State as a historic shrine. Follow this road for 3.5 miles.
Bordentown Rd. at Main St., Tullytown
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Pennsbury Manor
William Penn's country home in Pennsylvania, built 1683-1700. Here he often resided while in America. Re-created by the State as a historic shrine. Location is about 3 miles to the SE.
Tyburn Rd. (SR 2020) at Old 13, Morrisville, ~3 miles NW of site
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Pennsbury Manor
Arrow symbol [and in tiny letters] Administered By The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
Pennsbury Rd. & Bordentown Rd., E of Tullytown
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Pennsdale Meeting
The Friends Meeting House opposite was built in 1799. It was erected to provide a place of worship for the numerous Quaker settlers of this region.
Junction Village Rd. & Quaker Church Rd., near meetinghouse, Pennsdale
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 15, 200 yards from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 97 at Mathias Rd., .4 miles from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 30, .4 miles from PA/WV state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 51 at PA/OH state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 96, 1000 ft. from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 220 , 1650 feet from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Pa. 14, 1.5 miles from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 220 & 309, .3 miles from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 413, .4 miles west of bridge at state line, Bristol (Missing)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 1, approx. 300 yards west of Delaware River Bridge (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Bridge St. (Old US 1 / Rt. 32), at Central Ave., 1 block from Delaware River, Morrisville
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 1, just N of state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 41 at Kaolin Rd. overpass, approx. .7 miles from state line, New Garden Twp.
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 6, 200 feet from state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 322, .4 miles from state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 202 near Pyle Rd. at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 13 by-pass, approx. 100 feet from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 5, E at state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
W Ridge Rd. (US 20), Springfield, at state line (OH border)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
At I-90 Welcome Ctr., just W of state line (NY Border)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 119, 175 ft. N of state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 11 at Mason Dixon Rd., Middleburg, near MD state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of The Declaration of Independence and The Constitution of The United States.
E side of Buck Valley / Warfordsburg Rd., just N of state line, S of Warfordsburg
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 222 at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 224 at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 422 at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 446 at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 219, just S of state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
S side of Tamarack Dr. (Rt. 718), Five Points, NW of Sharpsville, at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 318 at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
SR 358 (Vernon Rd.) at state line, ~3 miles W of Maysville
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 611, just west of state line and Portland Columbia bridge
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Rt. 206 at Milford Bridge toll plaza, Milford
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Main St. (PA 449) just S of intersection with N Genesee/Commercial St., in median opposite bank, Genesee
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mason Dixon Hwy. (PA 219), S of Salisbury at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
National Pike (US 40), near Old Forty Rd., SE of Addison at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Lackawanna Trail (US 11), N of Great Bend, ~1/2 mile S of NY state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 15 ~.5 mile from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Big Tree Rd. (PA 69) at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Market St. (US 62) at state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 40 at state line (Missing)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
US 22 at state line (Missing)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Hancock Hwy. (PA 191) at Winterdale Rd. (SR 4014) near state line (Missing)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PA 90, .2 miles from state line (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Baltimore Pike (PA 94) at Sherman's Church Rd., .5 miles from state line
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Sheltz Rd. (Rt. 851), 100 yds. from stateline
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Pennsylvania
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth. Birthplace of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
Barrens Rd. (PA 24) at state line
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Pennsylvania Abolition Society
Founded here, 1775, as the Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. In 1787 it became the Pennsylvania Abolition Society which sought social, educational, and employment opportunities for Blacks.
East side of Front St. between Walnut & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
America's oldest art museum and school, founded 1805 by Peale, Rush, and other artists. Trained here were Thomas Eakins, Mary Cassatt, Maxfield Parrish, John Marin, Charles Demuth and others. Furness and Hewitt designed the Neo-Gothic building, 1876.
At the Academy, 118 N Broad St., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Bible Society
America's first Bible society, founded in 1808 by Robt. Ralston, Bishop Wm. White, and Dr. Benj. Rush. In 1812 PBS was first in the US to print Bibles using stereotyped plates which made them affordable and advanced literacy. Bible House has been its center of distribution since 1854.
NW corner of 7th & Walnut Sts., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Canal
The loading basin and western terminus of the State-built railroad, canal, and Portage over the Alleghenies uniting eastern and western Pennsylvania was here. Built in 1826-34. In 1857 sold to the Pennsylvania R.R.
Liberty Ave. /Grant St. at 10th St. (at the Pennsylvanian), Pittsburgh
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1831-58, and by private owners to 1931. A State Park since 1940.
PA 611 at Durham Furnace (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1831-58, and by private owners to 1931. A State Park since 1940.
River Rd. (PA 32) between Old Mill Ln. and Hillside Ln., N of New Hope
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1831-58, and by private owners to 1931. A State Park since 1940.
River Rd. (PA 32) at Old Carversville Rd., Lumberville
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1851-58, and by private owners to 1931. A State Park since 1940.
Gen. Washington Way (PA 532) at Gen. Stark Rd., W of Washington Crossing (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Canal
A State-owned canal system, built 1826-34, to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The first lock on the canal to be dedicated March 13, 1827, was "Penn Lock," 150 yards east. It was replaced in 1859 by Locks No. 10 and 11.
At Forum Building, Walnut St. at 5th St., Harrisburg,
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Pennsylvania Canal
This State-owned artificial waterway system, built 1826-1834, was designed to connect points like Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Erie in a vast inland trade. It embraced six chief canal divisions and two railroads. Here the Susquehanna, Juniata, and Eastern Divisions joined in the canal basin.
US 22/322 eastbound at Amity Hall & 11/15 intersection, N of Duncannon
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1831-58, and by private owners to 1931. A state Park since 1940.
S Delaware Dr. (US 611), NE of Coffeetown (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Canal
A system of State-built public works to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lake Erie. The Delaware Division, Bristol-Easton, begun 1827; operated by the State 1831-58, and by private owners to 1931. A State Park since 1940.
S Delaware Dr. (PA 611) at S junction w/ Canal Rd., S of Raubsville
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Pennsylvania Canal
The North Branch and West Branch Divisions, built 1828-34, joined here in Northumberland at a canal basin. Boats with coal from Nanticoke or lumber from Williamsport locked down into the river nearby and re-entered the Canal on the west bank.
Water St. (US 11), at community park, Northumberland, near E end of bridge over Susq. R. West Branch
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Pennsylvania Canal (Eastern Division)
This Division was built, 1826-33; operated until 1901. Here, at old Clark's Ferry Towpath Bridge, the State's great inland canal traffic in iron, coal, and lumber crossed the Susquehanna. Lykens Valley coal trade, by way of Wiconisco Canal, joined it on the east bank.
Rt. 147, just off exit from US 22/322 (east side of Clarks Ferry Bridge), Dauphin
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Pennsylvania Canal (Juniata Division)
This Division was built in 1828-33. It extended to the eastern end of the Allegheny Portage Railroad at Hollidaysburg, a distance of 127 miles. Just west of here, the Canal crossed the Juniata by an aqueduct which was used until 1901. Abutment and piers remain.
US 11 & 15 (E side), SW of Amity Hall and NE of Duncannon
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Pennsylvania Canal (North Branch Division)
This Division, built 1829-32, carried coal, until 1901, from Nanticoke mines to Northumberland, and from there to inland towns and seaport cities. From Lackawanna Creek downwards, there were 2 dams, 14 locks, and 7 aqueducts. Traces of towpath and canal bed can be seen here.
US 11 near Redman Acres Rd., 3.5 miles NE of Northumberland
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Pennsylvania Canal (Susquehanna Division)
Built 1828-31; operated until 1901. It extended from Duncan's Island to Northumberland. In its 41-mile course, the Division embraced 13 locks, 7 aqueducts, old Shamokin Dam, and West Branch Towpath Bridge. Traces of the Canal can be seen at points along this road.
US 11 & 15, N of Amity Hall, at entrance to Haldeman Island
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Pennsylvania Canal (Susquehanna Division)
Here is Lift Lock No. 5 of this Division. Through it thousands of canal boats, bearing products from various points along the North and West Branches of the Susquehanna, passed annually until 1901, with their destination Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore.
US 11 & 15 just N of Liverpool (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Canal (Susquehanna Division)
At this point, highway crosses Port Trevorton Canal Basin. Coal from mines about 15 miles to the east crossed the river on the Trevorton, Mahanoy and Susquehanna Railroad bridge from 1855-70, and was transshipped here to canal boats.
S Susquehanna Trail (US 11 & 15), near Peffer Valley Rd., Port Trevorton (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Canal (West Branch Division)
Division was built from Northumberland to Lock Haven in 1828-34. Until 1889 boats carried iron, lumber and manufacturers from this area to eastern markets. Here the Bald Eagle Cross Cut Canal joined the division connecting with it by two locks, a dam and a tow-path bridge.
E Main St. (PA 150), between Jay & Locust Alley, Lock Haven
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Pennsylvania Canal (West Branch Division)
This Division, built 1828-1834, extended from Northumberland to Farrandsville. Used to Lock Haven until 1889, to Muncy Dam until 1901. Beyond the woods to the south, 1400 feet of vertical wall, 22 feet high, built along the river, support the old towpath.
Lycoming Mall Dr.. (SR 2014) near junction with John Brady Dr. at bridge over creek (GPS coords. are approx.)
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Pennsylvania Canal (Western Division)
A state-owned canal system, built 1826-34, to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Erie. This 104-mile division ran from Johnstown to Pittsburgh and was part of the canal's mainline. In 1827, Dam #1 was constructed at Leechburg, and it supplied the remainder of the route to Pittsburgh with water and 7 miles of slack water navigation to Apollo, Pa. The dam remained in operation until 1865 and washed away in the Johnstown Flood of 1889.
park adjacent park adjacent to 476 Canal St., Leechburg
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Pennsylvania Farm Show
First held in January 1917, the Farm Show took place each year at various Harrisburg locations until 1931, when it moved to the new Main Exhibition Building here. The Large Arena first opened for the 1939 show. From modest beginnings, the Farm Show ultimately grew into one of the world's largest indoor gatherings devoted to the celebration and promotion of agriculture.
Maclay St. near Cameron (U.S. 22 and 230), at Farm Show Complex, Harrisburg
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Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
Governor Andrew G. Curtin signed an act of March 30, 1866, establishing a commission to improve water quality and restore migratory fish passage. It serves as a leader for national initiatives, including state fish hatcheries and environmental and habitat protection regulations and law enforcement. The agency protects, conserves, and enhances Pennsylvania's aquatic resources, and provides fishing and boating opportunities.
1601 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg
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Pennsylvania Furnace
The remaining buildings here were part of the iron works established about 1810. Operating first as a charcoal iron manufactory, the furnace later used coke. Iron was made here as late as 1888.
Spruce Creek Rd. (PA 45) at Pennsylvania Furnace Rd., PA Furnace
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Pennsylvania Gravity
The Pennsylvania Coal Co. gravity railroad was in operation between lower Pittston and Hawley from 1850 to 1884. It crossed the highway by overhead trestle near this point. This was plane No. 7.
E Drinker St., near ramp for I-81, Dunmore
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Pennsylvania Hall
Built on this site in 1838 by the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society as a meeting place for abolitionists, this hall was burned to the ground by anti-Black rioters three days after it was first opened.
N 6th St. south of Race St., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Hospital
This is the first hospital in the U.S. Chartered by Colonial Assembly in 1751 for "relief of the sick poor." Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond were its chief founders. First building, erected in 1755, is still used.
Pine St. between 8th & 9th Sts., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Match Factory
One of the nation's leading producers of wooden matches during the first half of the 20th century; founded 1899 by Bellefonte entrepreneurs. The factory buildings opened in 1900, using the vast resources of the surrounding lumber region. By World War II, the company had merged into the Universal Match Corp., and the workforce had grown to 400. The factory closed in 1947 due to competition from book matches and cigarette lighters.
Willowbank St. (PA 150) at Phoenix Ave., Bellefonte
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Pennsylvania Medical Society
Founded April 11, 1848, at the First Methodist Episcopal Church on this site. Its purpose was to foster the advancement of medical knowledge, relieve suffering, and promote the health of the community. Samuel Humes, M.D. of Lancaster was the first president.
Walnut Street between Duke & Christian, at church, Lancaster
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Pennsylvania Memorial Home
Established in 1890 by Kate Scott and Annie Wittenmyer of the Woman's Relief Corps, an advocate for Civil War veterans. It was the first home in the nation to accept not only former soldiers, but also their wives, children, widows, and orphans.
Euclid Ave. between 2nd & 3rd, Brookville
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Pennsylvania National Guard 112th Infantry Regiment
Organized in 1921, the 112th is part of the famed 28th Div., the oldest continuous infantry division in the US Army. The 112th, previously known as the 16th, has origins in the storied 83rd PVI regiment formed in Erie in 1861 during the Civil War. It served in the Spanish-American War, WWI, and Iraq and was awarded Presidential Unit Citations in WWII and Korea. For 90 years 112th units served at Erie Armory, a National Register-listed property.
at Erie Armory, 350 E 6th St. (PA 5), Erie
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Pennsylvania Railroad Shops
The PRR built its first repair facilities here in 1850 and opened its first track to Altoona during the same year. By 1925, Altoona was home to the nation's largest concentration of railroad shops, with 16,500 people employed in several locations.
9th Ave. at 13th St., Altoona
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Pennsylvania Rifle
Misnamed Kentucky Rifle, this famous weapon of the frontier was developed in the 1700's at Lancaster, which was the center for its manufacture.
PA 462 (old US 30), .8 mile E of Lancaster (MISSING)
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Pennsylvania Rifle
Misnamed Kentucky Rifle, this famous weapon of the frontier was developed in the 1700's at Lancaster, which was the center for its manufacture.
Marietta Pike (PA 23), at Little Conestoga Creek, near Oakwood Ln., west end of Lancaster
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Pennsylvania State Archives
Created in 1903 as the Division of Public Records in the State Library, the State Archives safeguards and provides public access to records of state and local government and historical manuscripts. Dating from 1681, original records and papers housed here document the history of state agencies, individuals, places, events, and organizations. In 1945, the Archives became a part of the newly formed Historical and Museum Commission.
North Third Street near Forster, at entrance to Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg
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Pennsylvania State Forest Academy
The Commonwealth's first forestry school was established here at Mont Alto in 1903; named the State Forest Academy in 1905. In 1929, it merged with Pennsylvania State College; later Pennsylvania State University. Joseph T. Rothrock, the Commonwealth's first Forestry Commissioner, and Mira Lloyd Dock, noted activist and conservationist, were among its founders.
Park St. (Rt. 233) at Campus Dr., entrance of PSU, Mont Alto
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Pennsylvania State Police
First uniformed state police force of its kind in the nation, created by an Act of the General Assembly May 2, 1905, signed by Governor Samuel Pennypacker. The force was formed in response to concern over labor and capital unrest, especially the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902. At this site the State Police established its first training academy in 1924. Cadets were trained here for 36 years until a new academy was built north of Hershey.
Hershey School District Memorial Field Complex, Cocoa Ave., Hershey
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Pennsylvania Station
Opened with this name by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1933; later renamed 30th Street Station. One of the largest rail stations in the U.S., with 16 tracks. Its magnificent main concourse has a 95-foot high ceiling. Three earlier stations were in this vicinity.
N side of Market St. between 29th & 30th Sts., Philadelphia
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Pennsylvania Turnpike
This is one of the original service plazas for the nation's first long-distance superhighway. On October 1, 1940, the Turnpike opened, stretching 160 miles from Irwin to Carlisle. The Turnpike Commission had been created in 1937; construction utilized the old South Pennsylvania Railroad's right-of-way and tunnels. By 1957 the Turnpike spanned 360 miles across the State and extended 110 miles north to Scranton.
South Midway Service Plaza, just E of Turnpike Exit 11, Bedford
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Pennsylvania Turnpike
This is one of the original service plazas for the nation's first long-distance superhighway. On October 1, 1940, the Turnpike opened, stretching 160 miles from Irwin to Carlisle. The Turnpike Commission had been created in 1937; construction utilized the old South Pennsylvania Railroad's right-of-way and tunnels. By 1957 the Turnpike spanned 360 miles across the State and extended 110 miles north to Scranton.
North Midway Service Plaza, just E of Turnpike Exit 11, Bedford
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Pennypack Creek Bridge
Built circa 1697 at a Lenape Indian trail crossing, it is the oldest roadway bridge in continuous use in the nation. The tri-arch stone span was an important link on the King's Highway, one of America's oldest roads. It served American and French combined forces on the march to Yorktown, known as the Rochambeau Route, in 1781. The only major modification to the bridge was widening in 1893; the upstream side is essentially unchanged from the original.
Pennypack Park, Frankford Ave. & Solly Ave., Philadelphia
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Pennypacker's Mill and Mansion
Washington's headquarters, September, October 1777. Last home of Samuel W. Pennypacker, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1903-1907. He died here September 2, 1916.
At site inside fence, Haldeman Rd. near Skippack Pike (PA 73), jus E of Schwenksville
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Pepper Hill Fire of 1938
Seven teenage Civilian Conservation Corps enrollees and a forestry foreman lost their lives attempting to extinguish a 134-acre wildfire here. The crew had insufficient experience and training and were exhausted from fighting a previous fire. The Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center incorporated these tragic events into a case study for training fire-fighters nationwide. This ongoing training has saved many lives.
1st Fork Rd. (PA 872) & Pepper Hill Hollow, ~2.5 miles N of PA 120, Grove Twp.
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Perkiomen Bridge
Built in 1799, it is one of the oldest bridges still in use in the State. A lottery was authorized by a 1797 law to raise $20,000 for its construction.
E Main St. / Ridge Pike (SR 4031 / old US 422) at bridge, E end of Collegeville
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Perry County
Formed March 22, 1820 from Cumberland County. Named for Oliver Hazard Perry, War of 1812 hero. Birthplace of two governors of Pennsylvania, one of California, and one of Minnesota. The county seat, Bloomfield (P.O., New Bloomfield) was incorporated 1831.
At County Courthouse, on Square at Main (PA 34) & Carlisle Sts., New Bloomfield
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Perry's Shipyards
Perry's ships, the Lawrence, the Niagara, and the Ariel, were built in spring, 1813, at the foot of this street. His warehouses, blockhouse, and lookout station were also located there.
W 6th & Cascade Sts., Erie
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Pete Gray Wyshner (1915-2002)
The only one-armed man to play major league baseball. Born and resided in Nanticoke's Hanover section. As a child, he lost his right arm in an accident. Named Most Valuable Player of the Southern Assn. while playing for the Memphis Chicks in 1944. In 1945, he played 77 games as an outfielder for the St. Louis Browns and batted .218. His on-field exploits set an inspirational example for disabled servicemen returning from World War II.
Front St. & Center St., Hanover section, Nanticoke (at athletic fields)
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Peter Bezellon
Famed Indian trader and interpreter bought a tract of 500 acres in this area in 1736. This site is a part of the tract. He died in 1742. Bezellon and his wife, Martha, lie buried in St. John's churchyard at Compass, Penna.
West Chester Rd (SR 3064) at Oak St., S end of Coatesville
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Peter F. Rothermel
The noted painter was born in Nescopeck on July 8, 1812. His huge masterpiece, "Battle of Gettysburg," ordered by the State Legislature, is on display at the William Penn Memorial Museum, Harrisburg.
3rd St. (PA 93) between Montgomery & Cooper Sts. (opposite #119), Nescopeck
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Peter Herdic
Owner, lumber mills, and president, Susquehanna Boom. A key player in making this city the "lumber capital of the world." He invented the "herdic," a rear-entry carriage, and erected many buildings here on Millionaire's Row. His 1854 home is No. 407.
407 W. 4th St., Williamsport
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Philadelphia
Founded by William Penn. Laid out in 1682. Chartered a city, 1701. Pennsylvania's capital until 1799; the nation's to 1800. County was one of Pennsylvania's original three, formed 1682 and consolidated with city in 1854. Name means "City of Brotherly Love."
Traffic island at N. Broad St. (PA 611) & John F. Kennedy Blvd., just N of City Hall
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Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad
One of America's earliest railroads, authorized by the state legislature in 1828 and completed in 1834. Stretching 82 miles west to the Susquehanna, it was powered first by horses, later by steam. Part of a state-owned transportation system, including the Pennsylvania canal, built in response to intense competition from adjacent states. Acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. in 1857. Stone blocks placed for the original track have remained visible here.
Edgley Ave. off Belmont Ave. (W Fairmount Park), Philadelphia
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Philadelphia & Lancaster Turnpike
This was the nation's first major toll road, built by a private company incorporated 1792 by the state legislature. Completed two years later and praised as the finest highway of its day, the stone-and-gravel turnpike stretched 62 miles. The 35th milestone out of Philadelphia was placed here. Early in the 20th century, this road was acquired by the state; it became part of the transcontinental Lincoln Highway and U.S. 30.
E Lincoln Hwy. (Bus. Rt. 30), near Veterans Dr., Cain Twp., just E of Coatesville
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Philadelphia Chinatown
Founded in the 1870s by Chinese immigrants, it is the only "Chinatown" in Pennsylvania. This unique neighborhood includes businesses and residences owned by, and serving, Chinese Americans. Here, Asian cultural traditions are preserved and ethnic identity perpetuated.
913 Race St.
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Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science
Founded in 1821 at historic Carpenters' Hall by prominent apothecaries to improve the standards of pharmacy, the College was incorporated the following year. It is the oldest institution of its kind in the United States.
At entrance, S 43rd St. & Kingsessing Ave., West Philadelphia
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Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science
Present campus of America's first textile college. Founded as the Philadelphia Textile School in 1884, it provided needed technical education to improve the manufacture and quality of domestic fabrics.
Campus, School House Ln. near Henry Ave., Germantown, Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
Organized in 1833 by Quaker abolitionist Lucretia Mott, this society, headquartered here, originally consisted of sixty women who sought to end slavery. After the Civil War, the society supported the cause of the freed slaves.
N 5th & Arch Sts. (at US Mint), Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Flower Show
On this site in 1829, the Pa. Horticultural Society hosted its first flower show, the nation's largest and longest-running horticultural event. Here the American public was introduced to the poinsettia and the chrysanthemum. It re-mains one of the top such events in the world.
717 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Gay News
This highly awarded and nationally recognized weekly newspaper was founded here in 1976. A driving force in Philadelphia’s LGBTQ+ community, the PGN issued groundbreaking reporting on the HIV/AIDS epidemic and raised the visibility for LGBTQ+ rights and marriage equality.
The site of PGN's first office,
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Philadelphia General Hospital
Founded in 1729, PGH was the nation's longest operating public health care institution. Originally an almshouse, the hospital moved to this location in 1871. PGH implemented innovative medical care and education under Dr. William Osler, and the work of Florence Nightingale protégée Alice Fisher advanced nursing as a profession. Pioneering methods of cancer diagnosis and radiation therapy were applied. The hospital closed in 1977.
Curie Blvd. & Osler Circle, Penn campus
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Philadelphia Knights of Pythias
Founded in 1907 by politician and civic leader, B.G. Collier, this order first met above a South Philadelphia barber shop. In 1913 the lodge moved to this site, erecting a new building here in 1923.
SE corner, S 19th & Addison Sts., Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Pyramid Club
Founded by prominent members of the Black community, this club fostered, encouraged, and gave expression to civic, social, and cultural opportunities for African-Americans denied to them by other organizations in the area.
1517 Girard Ave., Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Sketch Club
America's oldest artists club was founded in 1860 to improve illustration skills. Artists found that social interaction enhanced the creation and appreciation of art. Members included Eakins, Anshutz, Breckenridge, Grafly, Horter, Moran, Pennell, Pitz, Sayen, Wagner, and Wyeth.
235 S Camac St., Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Tribune
Founded in 1884 by Christopher Perry, the Tribune, located here, began as a single, hand-printed page dedicated to improving the everyday life of Blacks. It is the oldest continuously published Black newspaper in the nation.
520-26 S 16th St., Philadelphia
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Philander Knox
Born May 6, 1853 in a house still standing on Front Street. Attorney-General in 1901, leading the anti-trust fight. A U.S. Senator, 1904-09. Secretary of State under Taft. Re-elected Senator in 1917. Died in 1921.
322 Front St., Brownsville
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Philip Benner
The ironmaster's home was at Rock. Here also were the first forge, 1794, and a nail and slitting mill. A founder of Bellefonte; leader in Centre County affairs until his death in 1832.
E College Ave. (Rt. 26), at Shiloh Rd., NE of State College (near Dale Summit and Nittany Mall)
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Philip Benner
The ironmaster's home was at Rock. Here also were the first forge, 1794, and a nail and slitting mill. A founder of Bellefonte; leader in Centre County affairs until his death in 1832.
Buffalo Run Rd. (Rt. 550) at Rock Rd., at Buffalo Run Church, just S of Bellefonte
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Philip Berlin
Recognized as the inventor of the first sleeping car in U.S. for use of travelers. The car, "Chambersburg," was operated as early as 1838 between Harrisburg and Chambersburg. He lies buried in graveyard at rear of church.
W. Washington St. & Black Ave. at Lutheran Church, Chambersburg
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Philip Ginter
While hunting, Ginter discovered anthracite on Sharp Mountain here in 1791. He showed it to Col. Jacob Weiss, a prominent area settler. In 1792 Weiss and others formed the Lehigh Coal Mine Co., the first Anthracite company and a forerunner of Lehigh Coal & Navigation.
Ludlow Park on W Ludlow St. near Market, Summit Hill
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Philip Livingston
One of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence; died in June, 1778, while attending Continental Congress as delegate from New York. His grave is about 300 feet west of here.
N. George St. (Bus. I-83) at Prospect Hill Cemetery, York
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Philip P. Bliss
The great singing evangelist and gospel song writer lived and taught school at one time in Bradford County. The cemetery monument was built by Sunday School gifts from England and U.S. after his death in 1876.
Pa. 187 in Rome Borough at cemetery, across from church.
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Philip P. Bliss
The great singing evangelist and gospel song writer was born July 9, 1838, in a log house which stood a little distance from here. He lived and worked on the farm and in nearby lumber camps until the age of 16.
Bennetts Valley Hwy. (PA 255), 2.2 miles NE of Penfield
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Philip Syng, Jr. (1703-1789)
Near here, silversmith Philip Syng, Jr. created the inkstand used to sign the Declaration and Constitution at Independence Hall. With Benjamin Franklin, took part in experiments in electricity; founded institutions like the American Philosophical Society.
Corner of Chestnut St. & S Front St., Philadelphia
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Phillips' Rangers
Capt. William Phillips and 11 men of his militia company were captured near this point by Indians, July 16, 1780. Ten men were killed here and were buried later by a search party. Capt. Phillips and son Elijah, taken prisoner, were freed by British at end of Revolution.
Raystown Rd. (PA 26) at Capt. Phillips Monument Rd., 4 miles NW of Saxton
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Philo T. Farnsworth (1906-1971)
Inventor of electronic television, he led some of the first experiments in live local TV broad-casting in the late 1930s from his station W3XPF located on this site. A pioneer in electronics, Farnsworth held many patents and was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame.
1260 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor
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Phineas Davis
Site of shop where, in 1831, Davis designed and built first coal-burning locomotive steam engine in United States, called "The York." Here, also, was built "The Codorus," first iron steamboat made in America.
NW corner, King & Newberry Sts., York
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Phoenix Iron Company
Established in 1783 and incorporated in 1855, the Phoenix "works" produced nails, rail, Civil War cannons, weaponry for 20th century wars, and structural steel. Among its well known products were the Griffen Gun, 1861, and the Phoenix Column, 1862. Closed in 1987.
Main St. at Price St. near municipal parking lot, Phoenixville
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Pigeon
The name of this town recalls the now-extinct passenger pigeon, which in vast flights nested in the beech groves of this area. The nestlings were taken as food each spring by the Seneca Indians.
PA 66 just N of Pigeon Ln., ~6 miles NE of Marienville
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Pike County
Formed March 26, 1814 from Wayne County and named for Zebulon M. Pike. Its bluestone and lumber, carried by D & H Canal and by Erie R.R., helped build our nation. Famed for its natural beauty. Near Milford, the county seat, is Gov. Pinchot's Gray Towers.
County Courthouse, Broad & W High Sts., Milford
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Pilger Ruh
"Pilgrim's Rest" was the name given to this spring on the Tulpehocken Path by Count Zinzendorf, the Moravian missionary, on his journey to the Indian towns of Shamokin and Wyoming in 1742.
Bethel Rd. (PA 501) at Pilger Ruh Rd., N of Bethel near Schuylkill Co. line
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Pine Creek Path
A Seneca trail from the Genesee to the Susquehanna at Jersey Shore, forked one mile south of here. One branch ran through the gorge of Pine Creek; the other crossed the hills, following Darling Run and Babb Creek back to Pine Creek at Blackwell.
Roosevelt Hwy. (US 6) near Pine Creek Rd. (Rt. 362), NE end of Ansonia
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Pine Creek Presbyterian Church
Just south along Pine Creek was the site of the first Presbyterian Church in this area, organized in 1792. It was the ancestor of the Jersey Shore Presbyterian Church, organized in 1851.
Allegheny St. (PA 44) near Depot St., Jersey Shore
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Pine Grove Furnace POW Interrogation Camp
During WWII, the US War Dept. operated this secret facility a mile north along Michaux Rd., one of three such sites in the US. Military intelligence relating to topics such as weaponry development and Axis operations was gained from thousands of German and Japanese prisoners. Originally a farm serving the iron industry, 1785-1919, the site was converted to Civilian Conservation Corps Camp S-51-PA, 1933-42. After the war it became church Camp Michaux, 1946-72.
Pine Grove Rd. (Rt. 233) & Michaux Rd., Cooke Twp.
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Pine Plains
This area was known by pioneers as the "Pine Plains." In 1790 near this spot Timothy Pickering met Red Jacket and his Senecas. They were on the way to the peace council at Tioga Point.
Keystone Ave. (PA 199), at First Church of God, Sayre
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Pioneer Short-Wave Station
On this site in 1923, Westinghouse opened a special radio facility to experiment with long-distance transmissions. Led by Frank Conrad, engineers here demonstrated the vital role of high-frequency short waves in sending broadcasts around the world.
Barclay Ave., off Greensburg Pike, Forest Hills
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Piper Aircraft Corporation
Founded as Taylor Bros. in 1927. In the 1930s William T. Piper purchased the company and moved it to Lock Haven in 1937, rebranding as Piper Aircraft Corp. Employed more than 2,000 people at its height. Manufactured nearly 77,000  general aviation aircraft here, include-ing 20,000 J-3 Cubs, Piper's most popular model. In WWII, thousands of modified Cubs, known as L-4 Grasshoppers, served to train pilots and provide reconnaissance.
In front of the Piper Aviation Museum
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Pithole
Created in 1865 by the discovery of oil. Within a few months it was a boom town of 15,000 with banks, churches, hotels, newspaper, post office, water system, and railroad. Oil wells began to go dry in less than a year, and in time only excavations and street lines remained. Site is about two miles northeast.
Pithole Rd. (SR 1006) at site
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Pithole
Created in 1865 by the discovery of oil. Within a few months it was a boom town of 15,000 with banks, churches, hotels, newspaper, post office, water system, and railroad. Oil wells began to go dry in less than a year, and in time only excavations and street lines remained. Site is about two miles northeast.
Rouseville Rd. (PA 227) at Pithole Rd. (SR 1006), ~5 miles from both Pleasantville and Rouseville
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Pithole City
Site of oil-boom town of 15,000. Established in 1865, a ghost town by 1868. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
At site on Pithole Rd. (SR 1006)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
Ohio River Blvd. (PA 65), N city line (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as city, 1816.
PA 51 at S city line, near Stewart Ave. (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city,1816.
Perrysville Rd. (US 19), near St. Benedict's Academy, N of city line (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
4675 Steubenville Pike (PA 60) at Township Rd., at bridge and Sharp Edge Creekhouse restaurant, Thornburg
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
US 30 westbound, at Forest Hills Park
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
PA 8 & PA 28, Millvale (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
PA 65 at north city line (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by Gen. Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816.
US 19 north of city line (MISSING)
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Pittsburgh Agreement (The)
Signed here, on May 31, 1918, this document declared the intent of Czechs and Slovaks to form a new democratic nation in Europe, free from outside rule. Later that year, Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, an author of the agreement, became the 1st president of Czechoslovakia.
Penn Avenue & 7th Street, Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh Chinatown
Founded in the 1870s, it was one of the first in the eastern U.S. Chinese immigrants started civic organizations and owned businesses to serve their neighborhood. De-spite displacement initiated by the 1920s Blvd. of the Allies, Chinese ethnic identity continued in the region.
The marker would be near Chinatown Inn in the one historic building still in operation at 520 Third Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219. Or another suggestion: on Grant Street and Third that is nearby.
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Pittsburgh Glass Works
First glass factory in Pittsburgh was established on this site by James O'Hara and Isaac Craig in 1797. It manufactured bottles and window glass until the 1880s. A precursor of Pittsburgh's rise as the nation's largest glass producer.
Foot of Duquesne Incline, West Carson St., Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh Grease Plant
Long a major producer of lubricating grease for industry, transportation, and the military. In WWII, supplied 5,000,000 pounds of "Eisenhower grease," vital to the war effort. Founded here, 1885, by Grant McCargo. After 1929, part of Standard Oil (NJ); operated until 1999.
33rd St. & Smallman St., Strip Dist. (Pittsburgh)
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Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
First commercially successful U.S. plate glass maker, founded 1883 by John Ford, John Pitcairn and others. First plant was at Creighton; office was half a block east of here on Fourth Avenue. The company became PPG Industries in 1968.
Plaza of PPG Place, between 4th Ave. & Market Sq., Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh Plate Glass Ford City Works
Among the largest and most productive plate glass factories in the world; opened 1887. At its peak, the plant employed more than 3,500 ethnically diverse workers, who passed through a specially-built tunnel under busy train tracks. Operations ended 1991.
Third Ave. at Ninth St., Ford City
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Pittsburgh Platform
This defining document of American Reform Judaism was signed by eighteen rabbis at the Concordia Club near here, November, 1885. The 8-point statement encouraged ecumenical dialogue, emphasized the progressive nature of Reform Judaism, and identified Judaism as a religion.
Stockton Ave. at Concordia Club, East Park (north side), Pittsburgh
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Pittston Fort
Erection begun 1772, by Connecticut proprietors. Forced to surrender to the British, July 4, 1778, and partially destroyed. Restored 1780, and used until after the end of the Revolutionary War.
N Main & Parsonage Sts., Pittston
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Playwicky Indian Town, 1682 - PLAQUE
Playwicky Indian Town, 1682, was located to the south in the vale by the run and springs. The chief Tammany of the Unami Group *Their totem*The tortoise*of the Lenni-Lenape or Delawares sold to William Penn the land between Neshaminy and Pennypack Creeks. June 23, 1683
Bridgetown Pike (PA 213), SW of traffic circle, 2.5 miles W of Langhorne
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Plumbe Forge
About six-tenths mile north are the remains of the forge built by Dr. John Plumbe in 1828. Here, "blooms" were made from pig iron carried from the Bald Eagle Valley by mule. Costs of hauling products to the Pennsylvania Canal caused the forge to close in 1842.
Black Moshannon Rd. (PA 504) at Six Mile Run Rd., ~6 miles E of Philipsburg
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Plymouth Friends Meetinghouse
In continuous use as a house of worship since about 1708, it served as a hospital and campsite for Washington's forces on way to Valley Forge. Eastern wing, added in 1780, replaced original log school. Site was a center of activity during Abolition Movement.
Germantown Pike (old US 422) & Butler Pike, inside stone wall at meetinghouse, Plymouth Meeting
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Polish Army
At hall on this site on April 3, 1917, a speech by I. J. Paderewski to delegates at convention of the Polish Falcons began the movement to recruit a Polish army in U.S. to fight in Europe with Allies for creating an independent Poland.
97 S. 18th St., South Side Flats, Pittsburgh
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Port Allegany
Travel point since pioneer days, when travelers coming overland from the Susquehanna continued by water from "Canoe Place." The town grew as a center of lumber and tanning industry. Its descriptive present name came into use about 1840.
S Main St. between Maple & Mill Sts., in public park, Port Allegany
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Port Allegany
Travel point since pioneer days, when travelers coming overland from the Susquehanna continued by water from "Canoe Place." The town grew as a center of lumber and tanning industry. Its descriptive present name came into use about 1840.
US 6 west of N Main, at bridge, Port Allegany
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Portage Path
The railroad along Portage Creek follows the course of an Indian path connecting heads of navigation, known as "Canoe Places," on the Sinnemahoning and the Allegheny at present Emporium Junction and Port Alleghany.
Sizerville Rd. (PA 155) near Gardeau Rd., ~5.5 miles N of Emporium (Missing)
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Portage Railroad
Here was No. 6 of the ten inclined planes used to carry canal boats by rail. Hollidaysburg to Johnstown. This unique engineering feat was completed in 1834. The road was 36 miles long.
(SR 3012 / old US 22) westbound, just E of Cambria Co. line
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Portage Railroad
Here was No. 6 of the ten inclined planes used to carry canal boats by rail, Hollidaysburg to Johnstown. This unique engineering feat was completed in 1834. The road was 36 miles long.
(SR 3012 / old US 22) eastbound, just E of Cambria Co. line
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Portage Railroad
Here was No. 5 of the ten inclined planes used to carry canal boats by rail, Hollidaysburg to Johnstown. The road to Lilly follows closely the route of the Portage Railroad over the mountain to Johnstown.
7939 Admiral Peary Hwy. (old US 22) at Portage Rd., just E of Cresson
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Portland Cement
This industry was born in the Lehigh Valley. David O. Saylor first made portland cement at Coplay in 1871. Here also was the first use of the rotary kiln process commercially Nov. 8, 1889. This region has continued to lead in the industry.
Iron Run Indus. Park., Tilghman St. (old U.S. 22), just W of Mill Rd. / Windsor Dr. intersection, W of Allentown
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Portland Cement
This industry was born in the Lehigh Valley. David O. Saylor first made portland cement at Coplay in 1871. Here also was the first use of the rotary kiln process commercially Nov. 8, 1889. This region has continued to lead in the industry.
Bath Pike Rd. (PA 248) at Christian Spgs. Rd., .2 mile W of Nazareth
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Portland Cement
This industry was born in the Lehigh Valley. David O. Saylor first made portland cement at Coplay in 1871. Here also was the first use of the rotary kiln process commercially Nov. 8, 1889. This region has continued to lead in the industry.
S Delaware Dr. (PA 611), just S of Brainerds
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Portland Cement
This industry was born in the Lehigh Valley. David O. Saylor first made portland cement at Coplay in 1871. Here also was the first use of the rotary kiln process commercially Nov. 8, 1889. This region has continued to lead in the industry.
Main St. (PA 329), .5 mile E of Northampton (Missing)
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Potter County
Formed March 26, 1804 out of Lycoming County, and fully organized in 1835. Named for Revolutionary hero, General James Potter. An early center of the lumbering and tanning industries. Coudersport, the county seat, was laid out in 1807, incorporated 1848.
County Courthouse, 2nd & East Sts., Coudersport
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Potter's Fort
Built 1777 by Gen. James Potter. A stockaded fort refuge for the settlers of the valley region. The site is on the nearby rise.
S Pennsylvania Ave. (PA 144) just NW of Earlystown Rd./Penns Valley Pk. (PA 45), SE of Centre Hall
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Pottsgrove Manor
Built in 1752 by John Potts (1710-1768), ironmaster & founder of Pottstown. The manor was located at the center of a 1,000 acre plantation that included the town, an iron forge, gristmills, and other businesses by 1762. The town was incorporated 1815 as the borough of Pottstown.
At site, W High St. (SR4031) across from College Dr., Pottstown
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Pottsville Maroons
The legendary team played as a member of the National Football League here, 1925-28. In 1925 the Maroons compiled a record widely viewed as the league's best. They climaxed their season by defeating Notre Dame in a well publicized pro vs. college match in Philadelphia-but then were denied the NFL championship in a controversial league decision. Despite strong regional support, their franchise moved to Boston in 1929.
305 N Center St., just N of Race St., Pottsville (at hist. soc.)
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Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.
Here, in its first General Assembly held May 21-24, 1789, the Presbyterian denomination in America was formally organized on a national basis. This took place in the city's Second Presbyterian Church, which was at this site from 1750 to 1837.
NW corner, Arch & N 3rd Sts., Philadelphia
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Presidential Convention
The Whig Convention of Dec. 1839 met in this church and nominated Wm. Henry Harrison for president, John Tyler for vice-president. Popularized as "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," they were elected, 1840.
15 S. 4th St. at Zion Lutheran Church, Harrisburg
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Presque Isle Portage
The old portage, part of the historic Venango Trail from Lake Erie to the Ohio River, crossed the modern road here. The early Indian trail became a French military road in 1753, their chief route to the Ohio.
Peach St. (US 19) near Lane Rd., ~3 miles N of Waterford
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Presston
Pressed Steel Car Company provided worker housing at substantial cost to employees, keeping them in constant debt. During the 1909 McKees Rocks strike against the company, immigrant workers were evicted from their homes. The evictions led to the August 22 "Bloody Sunday Uprising" where at least 11 people died. The houses were sold after the company ceased operations in 1949. Constructed in 1899 as Schoenville, the neighborhood's appearance remains similar to 1909.
Presston Park, Ohio St. & Center St., Presston, Stowe Twp.
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Prince Hall Grand Lodge
This Masonic lodge was named after Rev. Prince Hall, founder of Freemasonry among African-Americans. The first Grand Master of African Masonry was Absalom Jones, organizer in 1797 of Philadelphia's first lodge, the African Lodge of Free Masons.
4301 N. Broad St. (Pa. 611), between St. Luke & Bristol, Philadelphia
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Printz's (Old Swedes) Mill
The first European water-powered mill in what is now Pa. was built here c. 1645 by New Sweden governor, Johann Printz. New Sweden Colony was established in 1638 and existed until 1655, when the Dutch, and later, William Penn claimed the territory. Built along the Great Minquas Path, the primitive Norse or Splash grist mill was among the first industrial sites in Pa. Its square anchoring holes remain, visible below the mill dam constructed later.
7303 Woodland Ave., next to Cobbs Creek, Philadelphia
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Provincial Courthouse
Continental Congress held its session, Sept. 30, 1777-June 28, 1778 in Courthouse which stood in the center of this square. Here, Treaties with France and Articles of Confederation were adopted.
Market & George Sts., SE section of Square, York
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PSFS Building
The Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Building is regarded as the first International Style skyscraper built in the U.S. Completed in 1932, it was a radical departure from traditional bank architecture, exploiting the latest technological and structural advances.
1200 Market St., Philadelphia
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Public Sector Collective Bargaining
In 1938, 3,000 Philadelphia municipal workers launched a strike protesting wage cuts and layoffs, among the first in a major American city. After 8 days, a collective bargaining agreement was reached, leading to the formation of AFSCME District Council 33.
City Hall, north side, N Broad & Market Sts., Philadelphia
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Public Sector Unionism
Efforts to organize public workers in PA resulted in Acts 111 in 1968 and 195 in 1970. Tens of thousands of public employees joined unions. The movement to unionize public workers began in the 1930s, was legislatively restricted in 1947, & given partial recognition in 1957.
State St., near 3rd, Harrisburg
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Pulaski's Banner
While Pulaski guarded this area in 1778, the Moravian women made a banner which his cavalry bore until he died at the Siege of Savannah in 1779. The banner was later immortalized in a poem by Longfellow.
W. Market St. between Heckewelder Pl. and New St., at Moravian Cemetery, Bethlehem
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Purchase of 1768
The northern corner of the Indian land purchase based on the Fort Stanwix Treaty was a huge cherry tree at Canoe Place, now Cherry Tree village. This point is now the junction of the counties of Cambria, Clearfield, and Indiana.
US 219 at Cherry Tree
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Pymatuning
Delaware Indian village on opposite river bank about 1764-1785. Name was once used for upper Shenango River, which flowed from Pymatuning Swamp, now Pymatuning Reservoir.
PA 258 E of Clark (Missing) (GPS coords. are approx.)
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Quecreek Mine Accident and Rescue
On July 28, 2002, nine coal miners, trapped for four days due to flooding of the Quecreek Mine, were saved via a rescue shaft drilled here. Combined efforts of local, state, and federal agencies, mining and other industries, local mine workers, emergency responders, and community members led to the rescue. The incident prompted changes in mine safety, mapping, and drilling methods. It roused national media & public attention.
151 Haupt Rd., just W of Somerset Pike (PA 985), N of Somerset
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Queen Aliquippa
An influential leader of the Seneca Nation in this area and ally of the British during the time of the French & Indian War. Encamped near here when George Washington paid respects to her, 1753. Died, 1754; according to legend, buried nearby.
2928 Highland Ave., Highland Grove Park, near 2918 Bowman Ave., McKeesport
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Queen Esther's Town
On the terrace below here resided Esther Montour, of the noted French-Indian family, and her group of Munsee Indians. The town was burned in 1778 by Col. Hartley.
US 220 (E side), .3 miles N of Milan (Missing)
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Queonemysing Indian Town (PLAQUE)
...was located on the other side of Brandywine Creek from here in the Great Bend Rattlesnake Trail led thence over Point Lookout to the rocks on Cristina Creek in present Wilmington. The Chief Secetareus and his people of the Unami group - their totem-the tortoise - of the Lenni-Lenape or Delawares sold to William Penn the land between Chester Creek and Christina Creek December 19, 1683
Creek Rd. (PA 100? / DE 100), ~.1 mile N of DE state line, and at Delaware County line (MISSING)
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Rachel Carson
Scientist, naturalist and writer. Born 1907 at 613 Marion Avenue; died 1964. Her 1951 book "The Sea Around Us" was followed in 1962 by "Silent Spring." This book focused the nation's attention on the dangers of pesticides and helped launch the environmental movement.
Pittsburgh St. (SR 1001, old PA 28) at Colfax St., Springdale
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Radio Station KDKA
World's first commercial station began operating November 2, 1920, when KDKA reported Harding-Cox election returns from a makeshift studio at the East Pittsburgh Works of Westinghouse. Music, sports, talks, and special events were soon being regularly aired.
at RIDC Portal 7 entrance, Braddock Ave., Turtle Creek
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Radnor Meeting House
A center of Friends' activities since 1686. The second house, built about 1721, served as an officers' house and a hospital for the Valley Forge encampment.
Sproul Rd. (PA 320) & Conestoga Rd SR (SR 1019), Ithan, S of St. Davids
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Railroad Shopmen's Strike of 1922
Over 300,000 skilled tradesmen went on strike against US railroads to defend gains by unions during WWI. The Pennsylvania Railroad shops in Altoona led the anti-union opposition. The bitter struggle led to the 1926 Railway Labor Act that upheld unions' right to organize.
302 E Wopsononock Ave., Altoona, at Blair Bedford Central Labor Council
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Railroad Strike of 1877
In July, unrest hit U.S. rail lines. Pennsylvania Railroad workers struck to resist wage and job cuts. Here, on July 21, militia fatally shot some 26 people. A battle followed; rail property was burned. The strike was finally broken by U.S. troops.
Liberty Ave. at 28th St. (on traffic island), Pittsburgh
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Ralph Elwood Brock (1883-1959)
The first African American graduate of the Pennsylvania State Forest Academy here at Mont Alto and a member of the original class of 1906. A student & associate of Dr. J.T. Rothrock, Brock was Mont Alto State Forest Nursery superintendent until 1911 and then a successful consulting forester for public and private gardens and landscapes in New York City and Philadelphia.
Park St. (Rt. 233) at Campus Dr., just east of entrance to PSU, Mont Alto
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Ralph Modjeski (1861-1940)
Polish immigrant and civil engineer, Modjeski was one of the most influential figures in American bridge building. He completed the Quebec Bridge on the St. Lawrence River and over 40 others, earning numerous awards. He was chief engineer and designer for the Benjamin Franklin Bridge here, opened in 1926.
NW corner, N 6th & Race Sts., at Franklin Sq. Park entrance, Philadelphia
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Ralph W. Abele (1921-1990)
Conservation leader and Pennsylvania Fish Commission executive director, 1972-87. Abele's "Resource First" philosophy strengthened the agency's mission to protect, conserve, and enhance water quality, improve fish passage, and increase youth conservation education. Notable achievements included modernizing the Fish and Boat Code, emphasizing conservation enforcement, and leading efforts to restore American shad to the Susquehanna River.
1601 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg
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Ralston Thresher
Nearby was the site of the Robert McClure factory of pre-Civil War days. It pioneered in making Andrew Ralston's machine cleaning and threshing grain in a single operation, patented in 1842.
W Main St. (PA 844) between Possum Hollow Rd. and College St., West Middletown
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Raymond Philip Shafer (1917-2006)
Pa. State Senator, 1959-63, Lt. Governor, 1963-67, and Governor, 1967-71. The 1874 state charter was substantially reformed at a constitutional convention during his term. He promoted improvements in welfare, transportation, education, and environment, and public sector unionization. He became counsel to Vice President Rockefeller and chair of the US/China Committee. A WWII veteran and Allegheny College president, his first law office was here.
911 Diamond Park, Meadville
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Reading
Laid out 1748 by direction of Thomas Penn. Seat of Berks County since 1752. Incorporated borough, 1783. Soon became, and has remained, center of the Pennsylvania-Dutch area. An old and progressive industrial community.
Lancaster Ave. (Bus. 222) at Summit Ave., S end of city
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Reading
Laid out 1748 by direction of Thomas Penn. Seat of Berks County since 1752. Incorporated borough, 1783. Soon became, and has remained, center of the Pennsylvania-Dutch area. An old and progressive industrial community.
US 122 S
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Reading
Laid out 1748 by direction of Thomas Penn. Seat of Berks County since 1752. Incorporated borough, 1783. Soon became, and has remained, center of the Pennsylvania-Dutch area. An old and progressive industrial community.
US 122 N
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Reading
Laid out 1748 by direction of Thomas Penn. Seat of Berks County since 1752. Incorporated borough, 1783. Soon became, and has remained, center of the Pennsylvania-Dutch area. An old and progressive industrial community.
Penn Ave. (Bus. Rt. 422) just W of Ben Franklin Hwy. / Conrad Weiser Pkwy. (Rt. 422) cloverleaf
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Reading
Laid out 1748 by direction of Thomas Penn. Seat of Berks County since 1752. Incorporated borough, 1783. Soon became, and has remained, center of the Pennsylvania-Dutch area. An old and progressive industrial community.
N 5th St. Hwy. / Allentown Pike (US 222) at N city line, just S of Warren St. Bypass (PA 12)
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Reading Railroad Massacre
In 1877, amidst hard times, unrest hit U.S. rail lines. Workers for the Reading Railroad had endured pay cuts. Here, on July 23, militia fired into an unarmed crowd that blocked the trains, and 10 people were killed. U.S. troops reopened the railroad.
7th & Penn Sts., Reading
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Reading Terminal & Market
The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad's Terminal Station served passengers from 1893-1984. The train shed, masterpiece of Joseph H. Wilson, is an engineering feat reflecting the era when railroads vied for impressive terminals, both functional and beautiful. The market, located below the shed, descended from colonial-era outdoor markets and began operations in 1892.
On site at Market St. near 12th, at Convention Ctr., Philadelphia
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Rebecca Harding Davis (1831-1910)
Journalist, editor, and literary pioneer, Davis was influential in the Realist movement. She wrote hundreds of works related to social issues, including the renowned Life in the Iron Mills. Born in the nearby Bradford House, she attended Washington Female Seminary, once on this site.
S Lincoln St. & E Strawberry Ave., Washington & Jefferson College, Washington
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Reed's Fort
Just south of this point stood the house of Adam Reed, Esq. In 1755 it was turned into a fort. Here, with Rangers from Hanover Township, Reed protected the people of the countryside against Indian raids.
Allentown Blvd. / Wm. Penn Hwy. (US 22), E of Fisher Ave. (PA 934), just W of Ono (south side)
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Reed's Fort
Just south of this point stood the house of Adam Reed, Esq. In 1755 it was turned into a fort. Here, with Rangers from Hanover Township, Reed protected the people of the countryside against Indian raids.
Allentown Blvd. / Wm. Penn Hwy. (US 22), E of Fisher Ave. (PA 934), just W of Ono (north side)
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Reformed Presbyterian Church
On August 23, 1752, Scottish Covenanter Presbyterians held their first recorded Communion in the New World here at Joseph and Elizabeth Junkin's farm. A scattered community of 250 worshippers attended this nine-hour outdoor service at the "Junkin Tent" on America's frontier. Rev. John Cuthbertson, the first Reformed Presbyterian missionary in America, presided over the gathering, which contributed to the establishment of the denomination.
Carlisle Pike (Rt. 11), south(west) bound, near N Locust Point Rd., New Kingstown
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Reformed Theological Seminary
Was situated on this campus, 1837-71. Here, Drs. Frederick A. Rauch, John W. Nevin, Philip Schaff, taught and wrote. Their works on theology, philosophy, and church history were influential in the U.S. and Europe.
PA 16 at entrance to Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg
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Refugee Towns
This part of the Allegheny was allotted to Munsee and other displaced Indians by the Seneca before 1750. In 1767-70 Zeisberger worked among these refugee groups, then occupying three towns along the river here.
US 62 near Pullman Rd., ~1.5 miles S of Tionesta Station
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Refugee Towns
This part of the Allegheny was allotted to Munsee and other displaced Indians by the Seneca before 1750. In 1767-70 Zeisberger worked among these refugee groups, then occupying three towns along the river here.
US 62 just S of Main St. (PA 127), ~.5 mi. S of E Hickory and across from W Hickory
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Repasz Band
Founded in Williamsport in 1831 and named for its honored director Daniel Repasz, it is one of the oldest American community bands. The band played at Lee's surrender at Appomattox in 1865 and at its 150th anniversary in 2015, and at Grant's Tomb dedications in 1897 and 1997. As the band of the 12th Pa. National Guard, members participated in the presidential inaugural parades of T. Roosevelt and W.H. Taft. "The Repasz Band March" is performed worldwide.
Packer St. in Brandon Park near band shell, Williamsport
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Rev. A. W. Tozer (1897-1963)
One of the most significant evangelical Christian authors of the 20th century, Tozer was born a few miles south of here in LaJose (Newburg). A pastor with The Christian and Missionary Alliance and a nationally recognized theologian, lecturer and writer, he was the featured speaker here at the Mahaffey Camp Summer Bible Conference in the 1940s and 1950s. Over 3 million copies of his more than 40 books are in print throughout the world.
1598 Mahaffey Grampian Hwy. (Rt. 219), Mahaffey, near camp entrance
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Rev. Dr. Leon Howard Sullivan (1922-2001)
The "Lion of Zion" led the Selective Patronage Movement, opening thousands of jobs to blacks nationwide. He promoted the philosophy of self-help, creating organizations to educate and train minorities. The Global Sullivan Principles, codes of conduct for equal opportunities and human rights, factored prominently in negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa. Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, he pastored at Zion Baptist for 37 years.
At Zion Baptist Church, 3600 N Broad St., Philadelphia
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Rev. Isaac Leeser (1806-1868)
The eminent Jewish leader is buried here. Minister, Congregation Mikveh Israel, 1829-1850. Founder of the influential journal, The Occident, 1840; its publisher until 1868. A teacher and scholar, he translated the Hebrew Bible into English, 1853.
Market St. between 54th & 55th, Philadelphia
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Rev. Jacob M. Koehler (1860-1932)
Founder in 1882 of the institute that became the Scranton State School for the Deaf. An ordained minister who was deaf, he was concerned for this state's uneducated deaf children and was a leading advocate of compulsory education of the deaf. President, National Association of the Deaf, 1896-1900. Twice president, Pennsylvania Society for the Advancement of the Deaf. U.S. representative to the World Congress of the Deaf (Paris), 1889.
1800 N. Washington Ave., betw. Electric & Columbia, at Scranton State Schl. for Deaf, Scranton
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Rev. Jehu Jones, Jr. (1786-1852)
First African American Lutheran pastor in the US. Founder of nation's first African American Lutheran congregation, St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church. It built its brick edifice here in 1834 and worshiped at the site with Jones as its pastor until 1839.
310 S. Quince St., Philadelphia (at Mask & Wig Club)
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Rev. John Corbley
A noted Baptist minister serving area congregations, Corbley was among some 150 men arrested by federal troops on the "Dreadful Night" of November 13, 1794. A vocal opponent of the U.S. excise tax on whiskey, he was this area's best known participant in the Whiskey Rebellion and was seen as a threat by the Federalists. Imprisoned for a time in Philadelphia, Corbley returned here and remained active in the ministry.
at church on Corbly Ln. at Garard's Ft. Rd. (SR 2011), Garards Fort
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Rev. John J. Curran (1859-1936)
Founding pastor of Holy Savior Parish in 1895. Known as the Labor Priest, he championed the workers' cause and was instrumental in settling the Anthracite Strike of 1902. He was a friend of Theodore Roosevelt, who visited here often.
Holy Savior Church, 43 Penn St., Wilkes-Barre
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Rev. Joseph Murgas
Pioneer in development of overland wireless telegraphy. In 1898 he began his experiments on these grounds. His first public transmission of sound was made here on Nov. 23, 1905. Pastor, artist, biologist, and a supporter of Slovak aspirations, he died 1929.
Sacred Heart Church, 601 N. Main St., Wilkes-Barre
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Rev. Richard C. Christy
Chaplain, 78th Regiment, Pa. Volunteers, 1861-64. He was credited as Pennsylvania's first Catholic Civil War chaplain and the only one serving a chiefly non-Catholic regiment. Despite the anti-Catholic prejudice of the era, he gained a reputation for bravery and was known as the "Fighting Chaplain of the Army of the Cumberland." Father Christy had been the first permanent pastor of this church. Hundreds of veterans attended his funeral in 1878.
At church, 668 Clearfield Rd., at Steighner Rd., Fenelton
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Rev. Steel's Fort
The Rev. John Steel, pastor of Upper West Conococheague, was made militia captain; and his church, stockaded in 1755, provided protection from hostile Indians. The site is at Church Hill.
Buchanan Trail (PA 16) at Findley Rd., 2.3 miles SE of Mercersburg
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Rev. William Bishop
Baptist clergyman and first ordained minister in Scranton, built a combined log church and house near here in 1795. There he preached and held services. He was born in England, 1749, and died in Scott Township in 1816.
1124 Price St., at Main Ave., West Scranton
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Reverend John McMillan - PLAQUE
The Reverend John McMillan, D.D. Born Nov. 11, 1752. Died Nov. 16, 1833. Pioneer Preacher - Educator - Patriot lies buried in this church yard. Served sixty years in the ministry. Leader in the founding of Western Theological Seminary, Jefferson College, Jefferson Medical College. His missionary labors resulted in the founding of Chartiers Pigeon Creek and many other Presbyterian Churches in this region. With his faithful wife he shared untold toil and privations in order that the Kingdom of God might be established on this rugged Frontier.
Junction Washington Rd. (US 19) & PA 519, S of Canonsburg
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Revolutionary War Burial Site
Buried here are soldiers who died from wounds suffered in the two Battles of Trenton, Dec. 1776-Jan. 1777, and from disease incurred during the harsh winter. After the battles, Washington's troops occupied four hospital buildings in this village, known then as Four Lanes End. Archaeological excavations in 1992 confirmed the fact that a burial ground existed here; written accounts indicated that around 166 soldiers were interred.
S Bellevue Ave., just S of Flowers Ave., Langhorne Borough
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Revolutionary War Gun Factory
During the British occupation of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's provisional government moved west and its official gun factory was established at Hummelstown. Secretly operating near here from 1777 to 1779, it mass-produced muskets and rifles for the Continental Army.
226 W Main St., Hummelstown
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Rhoads Opera House Fire
A disastrous fire destroyed the theater that stood at Philadelphia Ave. & Washington St. on Jan. 13, 1908. It claimed 170 victims, many buried here, due to overcrowding, poorly designed and unmarked exits, and inadequate fire escapes. The tragedy prompted the Pa. General Assembly to enact fire safety laws and improve construction and inspection standards, making public buildings safer and influencing similar legislation in other states.
Fairview Cemetery, north side of W Philadelphia Ave., Boyertown
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Rice's Fort
The site of this fortified blockhouse, built during the Revolution by Abraham Rice, was about six miles north on Buffalo Creek. It was attacked by a force of Indians in September, 1782, but withstood the siege.
US 40 at Lake Rd. (SR 3001), 3.5 miles W of Claysville
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Richard Henderson
Born a slave in Maryland in 1801, he escaped as a boy and about 1824 came to Meadville. A barber, he was long active in the Underground Railroad. His Arch Street house, since torn down, is estimated to have harbored some 500 runaway slaves prior to the Civil War.
Liberty & Arch Sts., next to Bethel AME Church, Meadville
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Richard L. "Dick" Thornburgh (1932-2020)
41st Governor of Pennsylvania (1979-87) and U.S. Attorney General (1988-91). As governor, he prioritized lower taxes, state debt reduction, job creation, and welfare reform. Oversaw emergency response to Three Mile Island accident in March 1979. As attorney general, he fought white-collar crime, drug trafficking, and terrorism. Led the effort for the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Born and raised in Rosslyn Farms.
Corner of Kings Highway and Rosslyn Road
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Richard Moore (1793-1875)
Quaker businessman and abolitionist. Moore made his home a safe house for freedom seekers traveling on eastern Pa. routes of the Underground Railroad. One was Christiana Riot participant William Parker. Over three decades Moore assisted about 600 fugitives to freedom.
401 S Main St. (at Moore Ct.), Quakertown
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Richboro Nike Missile Battery PH-07
One of thirteen installations in the Philadelphia area that provided protection from Soviet aerial attack during the 1954"“1970 period of the Cold War. The Nike system here used radar to guide Ajax anti-aircraft missiles. From the mid-1960s through the early 1970s, this missile system was replaced as technology and terms of arms control treaties evolved. The missile launch area and magazine are located near here.
At Northampton Twp. Rec. Ctr., 345 Newtown Richboro Rd. (Rt. 332), Richboro, near ball field
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Ricketts' Circus
America's first circus building was opened here at 12th and Market Streets, April 3, 1793. On that day the English equestrian John Bill Ricketts gave America's first complete circus performance. President Washington attended his show later that season.
S 12th & Market Sts., at Loew's Hotel, Philadelphia
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Rittenhouse Farm
David Rittenhouse, born in 1732, lived here until 1770. Here he began his distinguished scientific career; and computed and observed the transit of Venus, 1769. Spent later years in Philadelphia, where he died in 1796.
Germantown Pike (former US 422) at Valley Forge Medical Ctr., 6 miles SE of Collegeville
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Rittenhouse Farm
David Rittenhouse, colonial scientist, astronomer, and instrument maker, lived on a nearby farm, where he built a telescope, said to be first made in America, and observed the transit of Venus in 1769.
W Main St. just SE of Trooper Rd. (PA 363), Norristown, E of Eagleville
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Rittenhouse Town
William Rittenhouse, first Mennonite minister in America, erected here in 1690 the colonies' first paper mill. Successive generations of Rittenhouses built additional mills, establishing this region as the center of American papermaking. By the 1850s this village had over 40 buildings, and seven early buildings survive from this once prosperous industrial community. Scientist David Rittenhouse was born here in 1732.
Lincoln Dr. at Rittenhouse St. just off Wissahickon Ave., Fairmount Park, Philadelphia
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River Brethren
One of the first religious denominations founded in America, the group held its first baptism in the nearby Conoy Creek around 1780. Worship services were held down this lane at Magdalena House, the home of Jacob Engel, one of the founders. The River Brethren changed its name to the Brethren in Christ in the mid-19th century. Other organizations with River Brethren roots are the Old Order River Brethren and the United Zion Church.
1240 Sagerville Rd., Bainbridge
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Robert Aitken (1734-1802)
An influential revolutionary-era printer, he operated a shop on this block. In 1782, Aitken printed the nation's first complete English Bible. It received endorsement from Congress, and was the only new Bible available to colonists due to printing restrictions and import embargoes. He also published the Journals of Congress, its official proceedings, and The Pennsylvania Magazine which introduced the writings of Thomas Paine to America.
11 Market St., Philadelphia
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Robert Bogle (1774-1848)
A noted Black caterer, Bogle opened a posh eatery at this location in 1813. Recognized for his popular meat pies, he was well known as a master of ceremonies at elaborate weddings, funerals, and banquets for his wealthy clients.
112 S 8th St., Philadelphia
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Robert Cornelius
This metallurgist and brass founder opened one of the world's first photographic studios here in the spring of 1840. His collaboration with chemist Paul Beck Goddard in successful experiments to reduce exposure times made it possible to use the camera in portraiture.
S 8th & Ranstead Sts. (next to Siegmund Lubin marker), Philadelphia
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Robert E. Peary
This monument was placed in honor of the Arctic explorer, discoverer of the North Pole April 6, 1909. Peary was born in Cresson, May 6, 1856, the family moving to Maine in 1859.
Adm. Peary Hwy. (SR 2014 / old US 22) just W of Cresson (across from Mt. Aloysius College)
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Robert Fulton 1765-1815
The artist turned inventor is credited with building the first successful boat propelled by a steam engine. North River Steamboat (known as Clermont), in 1807. In his early years, he made his living as a painter in Philadelphia and then in Europe, where he also began experimenting in mechanics. Fulton's other innovations include an early submarine called Nautilus, floating mines, and various improvements to canal design and technology. He was born nearby.
At site, US 222 (Robert Fulton Hwy.) just S of Swift Rd., N of Goshen
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Robert H. Sayre
The engineer and philanthropist lived here. Directed construction, Lehigh Valley Railroad. A founder, Bethlehem Iron Co. Benefactor to St. Luke's Hospital, Church of the Nativity, and Bishopthorpe Girls School. Charter trustee, Lehigh University.
At Sayre Mansion Inn, 250 Wyandotte Street (PA 378) near 3rd St., Bethlehem
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Robert Houghwout Jackson (1892-1954)
Lawyer & jurist. Chief U.S. prosecutor, Nuremberg war crimes trials in Germany after World War II. Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court, 1941-54; noted for his defense of civil liberties. Served in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration starting in 1934; U.S. Solicitor General, 1938-39, & Attorney General, 1940-41. Jackson was born on the family farm here in Spring Creek.
Garland-Spring Creek (Rt. 426) & Eldred Hill Rds., Spring Creek
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Robert Lee Vann (1879-1940)
Publisher & editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, 1910-40. He built it into a preeminent Black weekly, a strong voice for civil rights & economic empowerment. It had its headquarters here. Vann was special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General, 1933-35.
2621 Center Ave., at Frances St., Hill District (Pittsburgh)
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Robert Lowry
The famed hymn-writer lived in this house, 1869-75. Here, some of his best known hymns were written. His music was sung in many foreign lands. One of his works is, "Shall We Gather at the River." Lowry died in 1899.
110 University Ave. near Loomis St., Lewisburg
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Robert Mara Adger (1837-1910)
Businessman, activist, bibliophile lived here. Director, Philadelphia Building & Loan Assn., pioneering Black firm. Amassed and donated a major collection of rare books, pamphlets on Blacks, antislavery. Founded Afro-American Historical Society.
823 South St. (at S Darien St.), Philadelphia
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Robert Patrick Casey (1932-2000)
Pennsylvania public official and lifelong Scranton resident, Casey served as State Senator, 1962-66; First Vice President of Pa. Constitutional Convention, 1967-68; Auditor General, 1969-77; and Governor, 1987-95. As governor he pioneered the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), a national model, and landmark environmental reforms such as the PENNVEST clean water program. He achieved national stature for his ardent pro-life stance.
memorial park on Washington Ave. near Woodlawn St., Scranton
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Robert Patterson (1743-1824)
Professor, chair of mathematics dept. and vice-provost at University of Pennsylvania, 1799-1814. Tutored Meriwether Lewis in navigation skills to prepare for Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1803-1806. Resided here.
West side of S 9th St., south of Market St., Philadelphia
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Robert Purvis (1810-1898)
An abolitionist, Purvis fought for the rights of Blacks through his lecturing, writing, and activity in antislavery societies. As an agent for the Underground Railroad, he built a secret area here at his house to hide slaves.
1601 Mt. Vernon St., Philadelphia
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Robert Smith
Here stood the home of colonial Philadelphia's leading architect and builder. Born Jan. 14, 1722 at Dalkeith, Scotland, he died Feb. 11, 1777. Among his buildings are the Christ Church steeple, St. Peter's Church, the Walnut Street Prison, and Carpenters' Hall.
606 S 2nd St., Philadelphia
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Robert Whitehill (1735-1813)
Legislator and official lived here in Lowther Manor on land conveyed by the Penns in 1771. At the state's 1787 convention to ratify the U.S. Constitution, Whitehill led the Anti-federalist minority; he presented amendments later embodied in the Bill of Rights. A drafter of the 1776 state constitution, he served terms with both the legislature and executive council; was in Congress, 1805-13.
1903 Market St., Camp Hill
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Roberts Torpedo
First successful device for increasing the flow of oil by setting off an explosion deep in a well. It was publicly demonstrated in 1865. The nitroglycerin was made .4 mile south of here, along Hammond Run.
Smock Blvd. (PA 8), near Dutch Hill Rd., S end of Titusville
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Robertson Art Tile Company
An innovative tile and abrasives manufacturer, founded by the Robertson family of ceramic artisans in 1890, operated here until 1982. It was notable for craze-free pure white tiles, its efficient single-fire method, and an on-site quality control lab. Featured at the 1907 Jamestown Exposition, RATC ceramic mosaic tiles were among the first in the US to line an indoor swimming pool. In the 1950s, Robertson tiles were installed in most original Levittown homes.
S Pennsylvania Ave & Green St., Morrisville
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Robesonia Furnace
Founded 1794 as Reading Furnace by ironmaster George Ege. In 1845 Henry P. Robeson expanded the furnace, spurring establishment in 1855 of the town of Robesonia. Although the furnace itself ceased operation and was razed in 1927, the Georgian-style ironmaster's mansion, Italianate office building, workers' houses, and other structures survived. The district is located one mile south of here.
US 422 (Penn Ave.) at S Freeman St., E end of Robesonia, in front of bank
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Rochambeau Route
On Sept. 2, 1781, French and American armies under Lt. Gen. Rochambeau and Gen. Washington encamped along the nearby Poquessing Creek on their way to Yorktown, the decisive battle of the American Revolution. The Red Lion Inn, formerly located here, was used by officers as headquarters. The combined force continued through Bensalem Township, along the King's Path, as they made their strategic movement south.
Bristol Pike (Rt. 13) & Mill Rd., Bensalem
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Rochambeau Route (Narragansett Bay to Yorktown)
After an encampment of several days in Philadelphia where French troops passed in review before Congress, the French and American armies moved toward Wilmington by the Chester Pike known then as the King's Highway. They encamped here on September 5, 1781.
U.S. 13 (Morton Ave.) near Melrose Ave., E end of Chester (across from WWII Mem'l.)
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Rock Chapel
This is the oldest Methodist place of worship in this region. Built originally in 1773. Rebuilt in 1849, the second building is still standing about a mile north of this point on the side road.
Old Harrisburg Rd. (SR 3001) & Oxford Rd. (SR 1016), just N of Heidlersburg
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Rock Ford
Name of Colonial mansion of Edward Hand, Adjutant General of the Continental Army, and notable Lancaster physician. George Washington was entertained here in 1791. The old mansion is about half a mile to the southeast.
S. Duke St. ext., Lancaster, at Conestoga River
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Rockville Bridge
The longest stone masonry arch railroad bridge in the world, visible to the south, was built between 1900 and 1902. Named for the surrounding small settlement, it has forty-eight arches and a length of 3,820 feet. It is the third bridge constructed here by the Pennsylvania Railroad. A wooden structure had been built 1847-49, followed by an iron bridge in 1877.
N Front St. in Susquehanna Twp., at Fort Hunter's Heckton Church (set back from road)
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Rockville Bridge
The longest stone masonry arch railroad bridge in the world, one mile to the south, was built 1900-02. With forty-eight arches, it has a length of 3,820 feet. This was the third bridge constructed here by the Pennsylvania Railroad. A wooden structure had been built 1847-49, followed by an iron bridge in 1877.
US 11 & 15, W side just N of Spruce St., at N end of Marysville
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Rocky Glen Park
Created in 1886 and located here, the park was a recreational and social center for northeastern Pa. until it closed in 1987. It gained popularity in the early 20th century as the "Laurel Line" railroad provided easier access for more people. The park featured unique ethnic celebration days that reflected the diversity of the region. Entertainment included live performances and rides, notably the "Million Dollar" roller coaster.
Rocky Glen Rd., 1/4 mile off Rt. 502, at old park entrance, Moosic
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Rolling Mill Mine Disaster
On July 10, 1902, on this hillside, 112 bituminous coal miners, mostly immigrants, were killed in a gas explosion at Cambria Iron Company's Rolling Mill Mine. It was the first of four major mining accidents in PA contributing to the deadliest decade in U.S. underground coal mining history. Along with the anthracite coal strike that same year, the explosion led to the creation of a state Department of Mines in 1903 for the promotion of workplace safety.
The Rolling Mill Mine was located on a hillside west of Johnstown, across from present-day
Point Stadium. There is a neglected hiking trail that leads to the sealed mine entrance and an
open-air shaft. The marker would be placed across the river from the mine's hillside and would
be visible from S.R. 56.
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Ronald McDonald House
Founded in 1974 at 4032 Spruce Street, the facility moved here in 1981. Its mission has been to provide lodging and support services to families with hospitalized children. It was conceived by pediatric oncologist Dr. Audrey Evans with support from Phila. Eagles' GM Jimmy Murray and McDonald's exec. Ed Rensi. Since then, hundreds of Ronald McDonald House Charities chapters have opened worldwide, providing numerous programs to families.
3925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Ross Leffler School of Conservation
Within State Game Lands 54 is the original site of the first academy in the nation devoted entirely to the training of Game Protectors, later known as Wildlife Conservation Officers. Established in 1932, it was an important component in the professionalism of game management in Pa. It was named for Ross L. Leffler, a 30-year member of the Game Commission and Asst. Secretary of the Interior, appointed by President Eisenhower.
Game School & Empire Ridge Rds., Brockway
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Rossiter Strike Injunction
On April 1, 1927, 200,000 bituminous coal miners nationwide struck to protest wage reductions. In November, strikers in Rossiter were prohibited from assembling, marching, and hymn singing by a sweeping injunction issued by Indiana County Judge Jonathan Langham. The injunction and mine-workers' conditions drew national interest and a U.S. Senate inquiry that included Senator Robert Wagner, key architect of the 1935 National Labor Relations Act.
Shaffer Field, Central St. at West Side St., Rossiter
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Roy Campanella (1921-1993)
A record-breaking catcher with Brooklyn Dodgers, 1948-57. He began his professional baseball career while in high school here. In Negro League, 1937-42, '44-45. MVP, National League, 1951, '53, '55. All-Star, '49-'56. Baseball Hall of Fame, 1969.
Simon Gratz High School, N 18th St. & Hunting Park Ave., Philadelphia
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this Commonwealth. Adams Electric Cooperative at Gettysburg, serving members in south-central Pennsylvania, was incorporated on August 21, 1940.
Pa. 34 near Palace Dr., 1.7 miles N of Gettysburg
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Bedford Rural Electric Cooperative, which serves members in Bedford, Fulton and Somerset counties, was incorporated on June 2, 1939.
E Pitt St. / Lincoln Hwy. (SR 4010 / Bus. 30) between Donohue Manor & Clark Bldg. Rds., .5 mile E of Bedford
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. Over the next five years, in response to their needs, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Serving users in Bedford, Fulton and Huntingdon counties, New Enterprise Rural Electric Cooperative was incorporated November 18, 1938.
PA 869 near Chestnut St. at Co-op HQ, New Enterprise
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in the State. Claverack Rural Electric Cooperative, serving parts of eight northeastern Pennsylvania counties, was incorporated October 24, 1936.
US 6 near Goff / W Valley Rd., 3.2 miles E of Wysox
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Serving users in seven counties of western Pennsylvania, Central Electric Cooperative at Parker was incorporated July 12, 1937.
at co-op, PA 368 near Terwilliger Rd., 1 mile E of Parker
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Rural Electrification
Here on August 5, 1936, the State's first rural electric pole was placed by the Northwestern Rural Electric Cooperative Association. Incorporated on April 30, 1936, this was Pennsylvania's first such cooperative. By 1941, thirteen more had been formed in this State.
PA 198 at Woodcock Creek Lake/Reservoir near dam end of parking lot, E of PA 86, Woodcock Twp.
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Valley Rural Electric Cooperative, serving seven counties from headquarters at Huntingdon, was incorporated November 1, 1938.
10700 Fairgrounds Rd., Huntingdon
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Southwest Central Rural Electric Cooperative Corporation, serving users in seven counties, was incorporated March 4, 1937.
Airport Rd. (SR1006) at REA Energy Co-op, .3 mile E of PA 286, at E end of Indiana
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Somerset Rural Electric Cooperative, serving four counties in Pennsylvania and one in Maryland, was incorporated on March 14, 1939.
223 Industrial Park Rd., Somerset
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with Federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in this State. Sullivan County Rural Electric Cooperative, serving users in Sullivan, Lycoming, and Bradford counties, was incorporated Dec. 3, 1936.
PA 87 just SW of Pa. 154, Forksville
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Rural Electrification
In 1936 seventy-five percent of Pennsylvania farms had no electric service. During the next five years, with federal support, 14 consumer-owned cooperatives were formed in the State. Tri-County Rural Electric Cooperative, serving much of north-central Pennsylvania from Mansfield, was incorporated October 24, 1936.
2448 Charleston Rd in Mansfield
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Rural Free Delivery
On November 24, 1896, the U.S. Post Office Department established Pennsylvania's first two rural mail routes here in Westmoreland County. One operated from the post office here in New Stanton; the other operated out of nearby Ruffsdale (later spelled "Ruffs Dale"). The nation's first five rural carriers had started out the month before on routes in West Virginia, and by 1905 the U.S. had 32,000 routes. They proved instrumental in breaking down rural isolation.
at Post Office, 135 West Pennsylvania Ave., New Stanton
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Russell House
This house, built in 1816 by the Hon. James Russell, first burgess of Bedford, is considered a fine example of Georgian style of the Post-Colonial period.
203 S. Juliana St., Bedford
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Russell Tavern
The original building in which George Washington lodged in October, 1794, while engaged in quelling the Whiskey Rebellion is standing just west within view of this point.
PA 34 at Goldenville Rd., ~4 miles N of Gettysburg
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Ruth McGinnis (1911-1974)
Women's Pocket Billiard Champion of the World (1932-40), the best US woman player for over 30 years, and inductee in Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame. Defeated Babe Didrikson Zaharias and toured with Willie Mosconi. She got her start at her father's pool hall near here.
511 Main St., Honesdale
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Ruth Plumly Thompson (1891-1976)
An author of children's literature, she wrote 19 Oz books (1921-1939), including The Royal Book of Oz, in the series begun by L. Frank Baum with The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. She maintained the popularity of the stories beyond the 1939 classic MGM film. She lived and wrote here.
254 S Farragut St., Philadelphia
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Ryerson's Blockhouse
Near here stood one of three blockhouses erected by Captain James Paul's company in 1792, during the State's last troubles with the Indians. On April 17, 1792, soldiers carrying supplies from the Thomas Ryerson mill clashed with an Indian war party attacking the white settlements.
Furman Hwy. (PA 21) near Rush Rd. at Richhill Twp. Community Park, Wind Ridge
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Sachs Covered Bridge
Located just SE of here on the intersecting road. Built in 1852 by David S. Stoner, this lattice-truss bridge (based on a design patented by Connecticut architect Ithiel Town) extends 100 feet across Marsh Creek. Both Union and Confederate troops used it in 1863. Closed to automobiles after 1968, it suffered flood damage in 1996 but was restored by Adams County as a scenic bridge.
Pumping Station Rd. (SR 3005) & Waterworks Rd., SW of Eisenhower Nat'l. Hist site, Gettysburg
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Sadie T.M. Alexander (1898-1989)
The first Black woman to be admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania, she lived here in her later years. Active in the Urban League, she was appointed, 1946, to the President's Committee on Civil Rights.
700 Westview St., Philadelphia
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Saint Vincent
Founded in 1846 by Boniface Wimmer on the site of a Catholic parish built in 1789, Saint Vincent Archabbey, College, and Seminary was the first institution in the US established by monks of the Order of Saint Benedict. The college was incorporated by the Commonwealth of Pa. in 1870 to provide both undergraduate and graduate education in the liberal arts and sciences. Ten abbeys and colleges in eight states trace their roots to Saint Vincent.
At College entrance on Fraser Purchase Rd., off US 30, Latrobe
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Saints Peter and Paul Lutheran Church
The first Slovak Evangelical Lutheran congregation in the Western Hemisphere was organized mainly by Michael Zemany, pioneer Slovak Lutheran. The first service was conducted on February 22, 1883. Present church building, remodeled later, was erected in 1886.
339 Washington St., Freeland
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Salk Polio Vaccine
Pioneering research here at the University of Pittsburgh's Virus Research Laboratory from 1948 to 1955 produced the world's first polio vaccine. Led by Dr. Jonas Salk, researchers' innovations resulted in a breakthrough that was announced on April 12, 1955. Subsequent inoculations of school children virtually eradicated polio in the United States by 1962.
Salk Hall, Univ. of Pitt, Terrace St. at Sutherland Dr. (across fr. Peterson Events Ctr.), Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Saltsburg
First salt well in the vicinity was drilled, 1813-14. By the 1830's this area had become a leading U.S. salt producer. Important to its shipment was the Pennsylvania Canal's Western Division. The canal crossed here, 1829-1864, and was the lifeline of this small town.
Washington St. (PA 286) at Canal Walk, Saltsburg
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Samuel "Roxy" Rothafel (1882-1936)
Entertainment pioneer who operated the Family Theater on Main St. in 1908-11. Here he introduced innovations such as perfuming audiences and daylight films. He took his ideas to New York City, opening the Roxy Theater and bringing the Rockettes to Radio City Music Hall.
600 Main St., Forest City
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Samuel Barber (1910-1981)
Boyhood home of this composer of orchestral and vocal works, including the "Adagio for Strings" and "Knoxville: Summer of 1915." Won Pulitzer Prizes in music, 1958 & 1963. Graduate, Curtis Institute. He wrote West Chester High's Alma Mater song.
107 S Church St., West Chester
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Samuel C. T. Dodd (1837-1907)
General solicitor of Standard Oil, 1881-1905, and author of the Standard Oil Trust Agreement (1882). The agreement led to the company's dominance of the industry and served as a model for other trusts. A Franklin native, his early law office was located here.
1247 Liberty St., near Pennsylvania Alley, Franklin
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Samuel D. Ingham
Statesman, industrialist, born here, Sept. 16, 1779. Secretary Treasury, 1829-1831, under Jackson, and holder of other State and National offices. Active in the early anthracite coal industry; canal advocate.
Lower York Rd. (US 202) E of Silver Tail Ln., 1.5 miles W of New Hope
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Samuel Hopkins (1743-1818)
The holder of the first U.S. patent, signed by George Washington, lived here. On July 31, 1790, Hopkins received a patent for an improvement in making potash, a major industrial chemical. In succeeding centuries, the U.S. Government issued millions of patents.
119 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Samuel Maclay
Member of Congress, 1794-97. U.S. Senator, 1802-09. Also member of the General Assembly, 1787-91; 1797-1802. Resident of Buffalo Valley after 1770 and died here in 1811. Buried in the nearby church cemetery.
Old Turnpike Rd. (PA 45) at Dreisbach Church Rd., ~4 miles W of Lewisburg
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Samuel Meredith
The first Treasurer of the U.S., 1789-1801, and Revolutionary patriot, spent the last years of his life at Pleasant Mount. Died here in 1817, on his estate, called Belmont.
Great Bend Trnpk. (PA 371) & Belmont Trnpk. (PA 670) at Belmont Corner W of Pleasant Mount
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Samuel Meredith
This memorial is a tribute to the financier-patriot of the Revolution who was first Treasurer of the U.S., 1789-1801. George Clymer and Meredith were large landholders in this area. Meredith died at his estate, Belmont, in 1817.
Great Bend Turnpk. (PA 371) & Bethany Turnpk. (PA 670) at fork, Pleasant Mount (near Welcome sign)
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Samuel Phillippe
Recognized as the inventor of the split-bamboo fishing rod in the U.S. His first rent and glued-up cane rod was made about 1846 in his gunsmith shop that stood on this site.
NW corner of S. 3rd St. & Pine St., Easton
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Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial
Founded in 1898 as the Graphic Sketch Club; oldest free community art school in the United States. Nearly 5,000 students study art here annually. Alumni include Frank Gasparro, former chief engraver for U.S. Mint, and Louis Kahn, renowned architect.
719 Catharine St., Philadelphia
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Samuel S. Haldeman (1812-1880)
The internationally known scientist and philologist was born one-quarter mile south, in the mansion at Locust Grove. Built 1811 by his grandfather, John B. Haldeman, this was the younger man's home until he moved to Chickies, seven miles south, in 1835. Author of over 150 books and scientific papers, Haldeman taught and lectured widely.
River Rd. (PA 441) S of Bainbridge at Locust Grove Rd.
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Samuel Wetherill (1821-1890)
Chemist, industrialist, inventor, & Civil War officer. In 1852 he developed a process for extracting white zinc oxide directly from zinc ore. In 1853 he founded the Lehigh Zinc Co., with a plant here, pioneering the manufacture of zinc spelter and zinc sheet.
North side of Columbia between Webster and Adams Sts., Bethlehem (very near Lehigh Co. line)
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Sarah Josepha Hale (1788-1879)
One of America's first woman editors, Hale greatly increased subscriptions to Godey's Lady's Book in her four decades as editor. She successfully promoted a national Thanksgiving Day to President Lincoln. The author and women's rights advocate lived here.
922 Spruce St., Philadelphia
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Sarah Mary Benjamin
Revolutionary War heroine. At least 101 years old at her death in 1858, she lived here after 1822 and was known for her vivid recollections of the war. Sarah traveled with her husband's New York unit, 1780-1783, doing its sewing and washing and baking bread. She stood guard in his place as a sentinel at Kingsbridge. At Yorktown, she carried food to the soldiers in the heat of the battle.
Old Newburgh Trnpk. / Great Bend Trnpk. (PA 371) at North Rd., just W of Pleasant Mount (West Hill), near N-E PA Phone Co.
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Sattazahn Lutheran Church
Founded by German immigrants who settled as early as 1729. Initially served by traveling missionaries including John Caspar Stoever, Jr., first Lutheran pastor to visit regularly. A log structure was built about 1756; this church erected 1872. Named in honor of Peter Sattazahn, Revolutionary soldier buried here.
At church on Green Point School Rd., N of Pa. 443 near Murray
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Satterlee U.S.A. General Hospital
One of largest and most complete Union Army hospitals during the Civil War, from 1862 to 1865. With 4,500 beds in one-story buildings and hundreds of tents, it occupied over 16 acres north of here. Named for Gen. Richard Satterlee, Union Army Medical Purveyor.
At Gettysburg Stone in Clark Park, between S 43rd & S 44th Sts. on Baltimore Ave., Philadelphia
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Schaefferstown Water Company
One of North America's oldest documented public water systems. Alexander Schaeffer built a hotel on the square in 1744, and construction of the water system began shortly after. On July 16, 1763, he and his wife Anna Engle deeded this land--today Fountain Park--for the use of the inhabitants of Market Street. The present company was chartered in 1845 as successor to The Fountain Company of Heidelberg.
Fountain Park at S. Market St. & Sheep Hill Rd., Schaefferstown
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Schoch Blockhouse
This pioneer refuge during the Revolutionary War era was located at a spring 100 yards south. Built on Matthias Schoch's tract about 1770 and in use until 1783.
US 522 W of Middle Creek, at village of Kreamer
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Schuylkill Arsenal
Supplies for the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803-1806), bought in Philadelphia by Meriwether Lewis, were stored and shipped to Pittsburgh from here in preparation for the journey's start. Supplied military goods for Civil War, WWI and WWII. Built 1802-1806. Razed 1963.
E Greys Ferry Rd. at Washington Ave., Philadelphia
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Schuylkill Canal
The 108-mile canal from Philadelphia linked this region's anthracite coal fields with industrial markets along the U.S. east coast. In 1828 the Schuylkill Navigation Company completed the canal to Port Carbon, which was its northern terminus until 1853.
Pine & Pike St. at veterans park, Port Carbon
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Schuylkill County
Formed March 1, 1811 out of Northampton and Berks counties. Parts of Columbia and Luzerne counties added 1818. The name honors the Schuylkill River. County seat, Pottsville, was made a borough in 1828; city in 1911. A center of the anthracite coal industry.
SE corner, Laurel Blvd. & N 2nd St., Pottsville
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Schuylkill Navy of Philadelphia
The oldest governing body of amateur athletics in America was established in 1858. Rowing club members have participated in competitions at local, national, and international levels. Three-time Olympic gold medalist John B. Kelly Sr. served as commodore, 1935-1940. It hosts some of the largest regattas in the world on the Schuylkill River, one of the nation's premier courses. Boathouse Row here is an icon of Philadelphia and of rowing.
#4 Boathouse Row, Kelly Dr., Philadelphia
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Sconnelltown - PLAQUE
Cornwallis' Division of the British Army halted here September 11, 1777, on its march to the battlefield of Brandywine.
At Birmingham Rd. (SR 3061) & Squires Dr., S of PA 842 SW of West Chester
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Scotia
Two miles SW of here, an iron center, called Scotia, was established by Andrew Carnegie in 1881. Here houses were erected, a railroad built, and machinery set up. A few remains of the center can be seen.
Gray's Woods Blvd. near Scotia Rd., off the Gray's Woods exit of US 220/322, W of State College in Patton Twp.
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Scotland School for Veterans' Children
Established in 1895 as the Pa. Soldiers' Orphans Industrial School, the state-run institution provided primary and secondary education to veterans' children in a residential setting. About 10,000 boys and girls were instilled with a sense of patriotism that led many to pursue careers in the military. Students excelled in academics and sports until the school's 2009 closing. The Cadets and Red Devils teams won numerous championships.
3583 Scotland Rd., Scotland
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Scranton
Ebenezer Slocum built his first house, and made the first iron here prior to 1800. Its founding, naming, and growth as a city were due to George W. Scranton and associates. Leader in iron and steel for 60 years after its founding, 1840.
PA 307 E of Scranton, (Missing)
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Scranton
Ebenezer Slocum built his first house, and made the first iron here prior to 1800. Its founding, naming, and growth as a city were due to George W. Scranton and associates. Leader in iron and steel for 60 years after its founding, 1840.
US 6 / I-81 northbound, at mile marker 189.2, near exit 187, N of Scranton
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Scranton
Ebenezer Slocum built his built his first house, and made the first iron here prior to 1800. Its founding, naming, and growth as a city were due to George W. Scranton and associates. Leader in iron and steel for 60 years after its founding, 1840.
S Main St. at Rundle Ave., W Scranton (near Taylor Shopping Ctr.)
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Scranton
Ebenezer Slocum built his built his first house, and made the first iron here prior to 1800. Its founding, naming, and growth as a city were due to George W. Scranton and associates. Leader in iron and steel for 60 years after its founding, 1840.
US 6 / I-81 southbound, near exit 191B, next to guardrail, NE of Scranton
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Seamless Tube Industry
A block away was the plant in which Ralph C. Stiefel, the Swiss-born engineer, invented the rotary piercing process for making steel tubing, 1895. He helped found Ellwood Weldless Tube Co., which became a nucleus for National Tube Div. of U.S. Steel.
SE corner of PA 351 (Lawrence Ave.) at 7th St., Ellwood City
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Searight's Tavern
Stopping place on the old National Road. Also called the Half Way House, between Uniontown and Brownsville. William Searight, for years a road commissioner, acquired it in 1821.
US 40 SE of Brier Hill (Missing)
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Searight's Tollhouse
Erected by Pennsylvania, in 1835, to collect tolls on the old National Road.
At site on National Pike (US 40) between Lacy Rd. & Dearth / Canistra Rds., 5 miles NW of Uniontown
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Sellers Hall
First permanent home in Upper Darby, built about 1684 by Samuel Sellers who occupied it with his bride, Anna Gibbons. Their son, Samuel Sellers, Jr., was the first of many family members active in mechanical and scientific pursuits. Birthplace of John Sellers, a founder of the American Philosophical Society. In 1769 he served on a select committee that observed the planet Venus in its passage across the sun.
N. side Walnut St. between Copley and Glendale Rds., Upper Darby (on bank behind chain link fence)
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Selma
Home of Andrew Porter, Revolutionary general. Birthplace of his sons; David R., Gov. of Penna., 1839-45; James M., Sec. of War, 1843; George B., Gov. of Michigan Territory, 1831-34.
1301 W. Airy St., Norristown
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Seneca Crossing
Native Americans, French explorers, and Revolutionary War soldiers all used this 8-mile cross-country portage to access the upper reaches of the Allegheny River from Conewango Creek. This historic trail provided travelers with a preferable alternative to the arduous 26-mile upriver trip to the heart of the Seneca Nation. Several lower branches of Seneca Crossing converged near here, the trail's mid-point. The route continued to Kinzua.
Intersection of Scandia Road (SR 1013) & Eqypt Hollow Rd./Wigwam Dr., Glade Twp.
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Seneca Spring
This spring, 200 yards SW of here, was a stopping place on the ancient Indian trail which crossed the Big Level on the way south. The trail was once the main route connecting Onondaga, the Iroquois capital, with the Ohio and the Carolinas.
Brick Yard Rd. / Westerburg Way (PA 321) near Hemlock Ave., S of Kane
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Sephaniah Reese
Automobile pioneer, best known for building a 3-wheel, 1-cylinder vehicle here, 1887-88, and operating it on Plymouth's streets. His machine shop, incorporated 1888, was an early bicycle maker; the firm was located here for over 80 years.
230 W. Main St., Plymouth
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Sgt. Michael Strank
A Marine, he was the oldest and highest ranking of the six men who took part in the famous raising of the U.S. flag on Iwo Jima, Feb. 23, 1945. This scene, photographed by Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press, was later used in the Marine Corps War Memorial at Arlington. Born Nov. 10, 1919, in Czechoslovakia, Strank grew up in Franklin Borough. Killed in action March 1, 1945, he was reinterred 1949 in Arlington Cemetery.
1125 Main St. (PA 271), Franklin Borough (at Fire Dept.)
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Shadyside Iron Furnace
Built on lowlands here in 1792. Birth of the iron industry in the Pittsburgh region. It made stove and grate castings. Closed about a year later due to lack of ore and wood.
SE corner of Bayard St. & Amberson Ave., at Winchester-Thurston H.S. field, Pittsburgh
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Shamokin Path
Much-traveled Indian path; followed north shore of Susquehanna from Shamokin, now Sunbury, to the Big Island at Lock Haven. Used by Delawares and Shawnees on migration to the Ohio country before French and Indian War.
PA 150, ~6 miles NE of Lock Haven (Missing)
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Shannopin Town
Name of a Delaware Indian village that covered this site from about 1731 to the French occupation, 1754. It was the Allegheny River terminus of the Raystown Indian and Traders Path from Carlisle to the west.
40th St. at GW bridge (west side), Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
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Shawnee Cabins
A village site nearby on the Raystown Path. Named for a group of Shawnee Indians who halted here on their retreat from the Potomac to the lower Allegheny valley in the early 18th century.
US 30 near Mill Rd., W of Schellsburg
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Shawnee Flats
To this broad valley came groups of Shawnee Indians removed from the lower Susquehanna and Delaware to reside until dispersed to the upper Ohio country. The mid-18th century was the occupation period.
US 11, .8 mile SW of Plymouth
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Shawnee Fort
Designated in 1776 by the Continental Congress as one of a series of forts protecting American colonists from attack during the Revolutionary War. Defended Connecticut settlers from those with competing claims on Wyoming Valley lands. Garrison post of Capt. Samuel Ransom's Company, which served under Gen. George Washington. Burned in the aftermath of the Battle of Wyoming, 1778. Rebuilt; destroyed by flood, 1784. Located nearby.
747 West Main St. (Rt. 11) at Natl. Guard Armory, Plymouth (very near Abijah Smith marker)
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Shawnee-Minisink Archaeological Site
Nearly 13,000 years old, this location, near the confluence of the Delaware River and Brodhead Creek, is one of the earliest dated Native American sites in the northeastern US. Archaeological investigations uncovered hundreds of stone tools left by the early inhabitants around a series of campfires. Remains of fish and fruit provided evidence of a more diverse diet than expected for the late Ice Age.
River's Edge Park, River Rd./Logging Rd. (SR 2028), Minisink Hills
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Shenango Town
Wyandot and Delaware Indian town on nearby riverbanks about 1750-1785. Under control of Seneca Iroquois, of whom a few bands remained in this region until about 1812.
New Castle Rd. (PA 118) N of Hewitt Rd., SE of West Middlesex (Missing)
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Sheppton Mine Disaster and Rescue
On August 27, 1963, rescuers used a new technique to drill a borehole that successfully freed two coal miners trapped for nearly 2 weeks by a shaft cave-in 320 feet below ground. One miner was lost, and the incident gained national attention and prompted more stringent safety regulations for small independent mines. The borehole technique has been widely used for mine rescues worldwide, notably at Quecreek (2002) and Chile (2010).
Schoolhouse Rd., Sheppton
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Sheshequin Path
Indian trail joining the Iroquois country and the Shamokin area, passed near here. Conrad Weiser took this route to Onondaga, capital of the League, to represent the Province in council with the Iroquois.
US 220 near Crest Rd., 3.1 miles NW of Towanda
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Sheshequin Path
A branch of the Warriors Path. Left the Susquehanna at Sheshequin, now Ulster; crossed Sugar Creek; and by valleys of Towanda and Lycoming Creeks reached West Branch, near present Montoursville, where it joined the Shamokin Path.
PA 414, ~.5 mile W of SR 3021, LeRoy Twp, (Missing)
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Sheshequin Path
Branch of Warriors Path; provided a short cut from Tioga to the Great Island, traversing "the dismal wilderness" of Lycoming Creek. Dense forest, swamp, windfall, and storm made Indians believe a demon had power in this valley.
Lycoming Creek Rd. near Fink Rd., 2.2 miles S of Trout Run - in median with new US15
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Sheshequin Path
By this path up Lycoming Creek, Conrad Weiser, with Lewis Evans, map-maker, and John Bartram, botanist, traveled to Onondaga in 1743 on a peace mission for Virginia: "To take the hatchet out of the head of the Six Nations."
PA 14 just N of Oak St., ~1.4 mile NE of Trout Run
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Sheshequin Path
Bishop Spangenberg went through this valley on his way to Onondaga in 1745. He was impressed by woods so thick "one does not see the sun all day," and by mountains rising closely round him, suggesting "ant hills."
PA 14 at Pleasant Stream Rd., Marsh Hill
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Sheshequin Path
Used by Conrad Weiser and Shickellamy on trips through this valley to the Six Nations capital at Onondaga. Just east from here they saw in 1737 the dividing stream which fed both Towanda and Lycoming Creeks.
PA 14 near McCracken Rd., ~3.5 miles NE of Roaring Branch (Missing)
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Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium
Early Major League baseball park opened here, 1909. Renamed, 1953. Home to Athletics, 1909-1954; Phillies, 1938-1970. Site of three Negro League World Series; five A's World Series victories. Among first to host night games. Razed, 1976.
N 21st St. & Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia
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Shikellamy
Oneida chief and overseer or vice-regent of the Six Nations asserting Iroquois dominion over conquered Delaware and other tribes. He lived at Shamokin Indian town, Sunbury, from about 1728 until his death, 1748. Said to be buried near here.
Front St. (PA 147) between John & Julia Sts., at Fort Augusta site and Co. hist. soc., Sunbury
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Shikellamy
Oneida chief and overseer or vice-regent of the Six Nations asserting Iroquois dominion over conquered Delaware and other tribes. He lived at Shamokin Indian town, Sunbury, from about 1728 until his death, 1748. Said to be buried near here.
US 11, 5.4 miles N of Selinsgrove, near entrance to Shikellamy State Park (County Line Rd.)
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Shikellamy - PLAQUE
Erected as a memorial to Shikellamy, also Swataney, "Our Enlightener," in the province. First sent to Shamokin (Sunbury) in 1728; appointed vice-gerent in 1745. Died Dec. 6, 1758; He was buried near this spot. This diplomat and statesman was a firm friend of the Province of Pennsylvania.
Front St. (PA 147) at Adam St., N of site, Sunbury
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Shikellamy's Old Town - PLAQUE
On the plain stretching southeast from this ridge was situated the Indian village of Shikellamy's old town which was visited by Conrad Weiser in 1737, when on his way to Onondaga. Shikellamy was appointed vice-regent of the Iroquois Confederacy in 1745 and made Shamokin (Sunbury) his headquarters.
Central Oak Heights, Ridgeview Ave. (Take North Ave. off US 15S), just S of West Milton
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Shikellamy's Town
The earlier residence of the noted Oneida chief was near here. As the Six Nations' overseer or vice-regent of the Delaware and other refugee Indians, he spent the most of his time from 1728 to 1748 at Shamokin, now Sunbury, where he died.
PA 405 across from Southgate Plaza, .5 mile S of Milton
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Shikellamy's Town
Earlier residence of the noted Oneida chief located nearby. As the Six Nations' overseer of the Delaware and other refugee Indian groups, Shikellamy spent most of his time after 1728 at Shamokin - now Sunbury.
Westbranch Hwy. (US 15), ~.7 miles S of W Milton - MISSING
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Shippen House
Site of house occupied, 1751-1781, by Edward Shippen; lawyer, judge, Chairman Committee of Observation, and grandfather of Peggy Shippen Arnold. An earlier occupant was Thomas Cookson, first Burgess of Lancaster County.
NW corner, Orange & Lime Sts., Lancaster
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Shippensburg
Founded 1730 by Edward Shippen. Second oldest town in the state west of the Susquehanna River. Important community on colonial frontier. Temporary seat of Cumberland Co., whose first courts were held here in 1750-51.
E King St. (US 11) near Walnut Bottom Rd. (Rt. 174), E end of Shippensburg
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Shippensburg
Founded 1730 by Edward Shippen. Second oldest town in the state west of the Susquehanna River. Important community on colonial frontier. Temporary seat of Cumberland Co., whose first courts were held here in 1750-51.
W King St. (US 11) at Park Heights Ave., W end of Shippensburg
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Shippensburg - PLAQUE
Settled about 1733. Laid out and named for Edward Shippen, 1703-1781, merchant, mayor and justice of Philadelphia, later a resident of Lancaster, paymaster in the Forbes Expedition, a founder and trustee of Princeton University. Grandson of Edward Shippen (1639-1712) who was the host of William Penn, mayor and merchant of Philadelphia, speaker of the assembly, president of the provincial council and chief justice of Pennsylvania.
King St. (US 11) & Prince St., on Vigilant Hose Co. #1 bldg., Shippensburg
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Shot Tower
First in the nation. Built 1808 by Thomas Sparks & John Bishop to make hunting shot, it symbolized a new U.S. industrial independence. Bishop, a Quaker, sold his share when ammunition was made here for the War of 1812. The Sparks family stayed in control until 1903.
Carpenter & Front Sts., Philadelphia
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Shousetown Boatyard
Founder, Peter Shouse, built "Kentuckian," its first steamboat, in 1829. Sold 1837 to E. & N. Porter. By 1866 over 80 steamboats had been launched. The last was the 1727-ton "Great Republic," famed on the Mississippi River for its size and elegance.
81 McGovern Blvd. (PA 51) near Spring Run Rd., Honor Roll Park, near fire dept., Glenwillard/Crescent Twp.
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Siberian Iron Works
Established by William Rogers and T.J. Burchfield in 1872, the company was one of the first in the nation to produce black plate and tin plate. The Works entered a market dominated by imports from England and Wales and attracted skilled labor from there. It supplied domestic and exported tin for cookware, canning and roofing. In 1874, the Works was the first to power its operation with natural gas instead of coal. The mill operated here until 1931. 
Leechburg Riverfront Park, adjacent to Third and Main Streets, Leechburg, PA 15656 40.627316, -79.608887
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Siegmund Lubin (1851-1923)
A motion picture pioneer, famed as the first movie mogul. In optical shop here in 1897, began his empire of six studios in five states. His technical genius and marketing skill did much to popularize the medium. Bankrupt by 1916; died in obscurity.
21 S 8th St., Philadelphia
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Siegmund Lubin (1851-1923)
Some of the nation's earliest motion pictures were made here between 1897 and 1899 in the backyard of film pioneer Lubin's home. Vaudeville and burlesque routines, boxing matches, circus performers, animal acts, and a Passion Play were among the subjects he filmed.
1608 N 15th St., Philadelphia
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Sigma Sound Studios
Established in 1968 by Joseph Tarsia, Sigma was known worldwide for its distinctive sound and recording innovations. Hits by The O'Jays, Stylistics, and others produced at 212 N 12th St. by Gamble, Huff, and Bell drew top recording artists such as David Bowie and Stevie Wonder.
In front of parking lot at 211-219 N 12th St. (across the st. from site), Philadelphia
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Silver Spring Presbyterian Church
Founded 1734 on land of James Silver by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, earliest settlers of the Cumberland Valley. Present church built in 1783, restored in 1928 to its original style, and still used for worship.
444 Silver Spring Rd., at church, S of Carlisle Pk. (US 11), Mechanicsburg
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Simon Cameron
Noted leader in state and national politics, statesman, diplomat, member of Lincoln's cabinet, U.S. Senator. Was born, 1799, in a log house that stood on this site. Died in 1889 at Donegal Springs.
W High St. near Cameron St., a block off square, Maytown
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Simon Girty
Frontiersman known as the "Great Renegade" was born nearby. Captured by Indians, 1756, he lived among the Senecas and learned their language and culture. Following his release, he became an interpreter for the American army; deserted in 1778. Afterwards led British and Native American parties against frontier settlements. Hostile to U.S. in War of 1812. Regarded as a loyalist by some and a "white savage" by others, he remains controversial. He died in Canada.
Front St. at Fort Hunter Park, Middle Paxton Twp., just N of Harrisburg
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Simon Girty (1741-1818)
Born near Harrisburg, Girty crossed cultural boundaries between native and white societies. He was captured and adopted by Seneca Indians in 1756. Upon his release, he settled here with his family. He worked as an interpreter for the British and Americans at Fort Pitt. In 1778, he defected to the British; serving as an advisor, he accompanied Indians in raids on frontier settlements. He remains controversial and is buried in Canada.
At Turner cemetery, next to Methodist church, 3424 Beechwood Blvd., Pittsburgh
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Simon Snyder
Born, 1759, on this site. Governor of Pennsylvania for three terms, 1808-17. His strong appeal for a call to arms, and a defense of sound currency, during War of 1812, are noteworthy. Died in 1819 at Selinsgrove.
N. Queen St. just S of Walnut St., Lancaster
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Simon Snyder
Three-term Governor of the Commonwealth, 1808-1817, and member of the General Assembly, 1797- 1807. Pennsylvania's first governor of German descent. Built this home in the early 1800's, and resided here until his death. Buried in First Lutheran Church cemetery nearby.
121 N Market St., Selinsgrove
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Simon Snyder
Three times Governor of the State, 1808-17, and member Assembly, 1797 to 1808, lived in Selinsgrove during that period. Died Nov. 9, 1819, in his home on Market St., which still stands. Buried First Lutheran Church cemetery.
S Market St. S of Rt. 35, at Bake Oven Rd., just S of Selinsgrove
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Simpson Ferry Road
Built about 1792. It extended from Michael Simpson's Ferry on the Susquehanna to Carlisle, following, at this point, a course later known as Simpson St. Used by many persons traveling to western part of State.
Simpson St. near Walnut St., Mechanicsburg
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Sinnemahoning Path
An Indian path ran up the valley of the Sinnemahoning Creek to Canoe Place, now Emporium Junction, and on to the Seneca villages at the Big Bend of the Allegheny. Early settlers in Clinton, McKean, Cameron, and Potter Counties used this path.
CCC Memorial Hwy. (PA 120), 3.8 miles S of Emporium and NW of Cameron
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Sinnemahoning Path
One of the earliest Indian paths through the Allegheny Mts. followed this valley. It connected the Upper Allegheny River with the Susquehanna. In 17th century the Senecas used it in war against the Susquehannocks.
PA 120, 1.5 miles N of Driftwood
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Sinnemahoning Path
An ancient Indian trail connected the West Branch of the Susquehanna with the Upper Allegheny. From the Great Island at Lock Haven it followed the West Branch, the Sinnemahoning, and Portage Creek, to the Seneca Country.
PA 120, ~14 miles NW of Lock Haven
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Sister Rosetta Tharpe (1915-1973)
One of gospel music's first crossover super-stars, she popularized the genre by including secular music elements. A guitar virtuoso and charismatic performer throughout America and Europe, she toured with Count Basie, Cab Calloway, and Benny Goodman. Her home was here.
1102 Master St., Philadelphia
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Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill
Founded in 1870 by Mother Aloysia Lowe and her companions from Cincinnati, the Sisters of Charity of Seton
Hill have served over 100 schools in 12 states, established multiple healthcare institutions, and initiated groundbreaking
educational and social service programs. They made Greensburg their permanent home in 1882. The
sisters founded Seton Hill College, now University, in 1918. In 1960, the Sisters of Charity expanded to Korea.

At entrance to Seton Hill University. 40.304884, -79.551726
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Sisters of Mercy
Frances Ward and six companions from Carlow, Ireland, opened the first Mercy convent in the U.S. here. Founding date was December 21, 1843, and at once the sisters began to serve the city's poor, sick, and uneducated. From here, Mercy convents spread across the U.S.
800 Penn Ave., Cultural Dist., (Pittsburgh)
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Sisters of St. Joseph of Baden
Originally founded in Le Puy, France, the Sisters of St. Joseph established a convent in Ebensburg in 1869 and relocated to Baden in 1901. Known for their service in education, healthcare, and social welfare, they served as missionaries in other countries, notably China from 1926 to 1948. In 1894, the Sisters became the object of a public controversy for wearing their religious habits while teaching in a public school.
On the property of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Baden between State Route 65 and State Street
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Sisters' House
Built in 1744. Brothers' House until 1748. Here unmarried sisters plied many of the arts and crafts for women. In 1778, Pulaski's banner was made by them.
50 W. Church St., near N New St., Bethlehem
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Skew Bridge
Regarded best example of Skew Bridge in U.S. Designed by Richard Osborn for the P & R Railroad in 1857. Each course of the arch of 40 feet is laid in ellipsoidal curve, each stone properly curved. There is no keystone.
N. 6th St. at railroad bridge, near Woodward St., Reading
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Slate Industry
One of the largest slate-producing centers in the United States. Welsh slate entrepreneur William Roberts first sighted slate in 1844 near a local barn. He and other Welsh immigrants established and worked in numerous slate quarries in this region. Nearby quarries included "Big Franklin"( c.1852), the largest excavation in Slatington; and "Williams," known for its production of school slate. These sites also contributed to the increase of slate roofing during the late 19th century.
Main and Railroad Sts., across from Slatington Trailhead, Slatington
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Slate Industry
Robert M. Jones of Wales, who came here in 1848 as an immigrant, began the slate quarrying industry. The region became a major world center for slate. From here came slate for roofs and old-time school slates and pencils.
Market St. (PA 512) near 1st St., Bangor
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Slateford
One of the first attempts to quarry slate in this country was made here at Slateford by a company chartered in 1808. Some of the quarries and slate factories in this vicinity were operated until 1917.
Slateford Rd., just off Delaware Dr. (Rt. 611), Slateford (just N of Portland)
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Slaymakertown
Once known as Salisburyville, the village was planned by Amos Slaymaker before the completion of the Lancaster-Philadelphia Turnpike and is noted for a few of its original buildings. "White Chimneys," a residence enlarged through the years, was begun about 1720. Lafayette was entertained here July 28, 1825.
US 30 between Gap & Kinzer at "White Chimneys" (Missing)
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Smethport
County seat for McKean County since 1807, when land agent Francis King surveyed town lots. The first cabin was built in 1811 by Arnold Hunter; but permanent settlement was delayed until 1822. First courthouse built in 1827.
500 W Main St. (US 6) at courthouse, Smethport
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Smith Memorial Playground & Playhouse
Built with a gift from Richard and Sarah Smith "for the recreation of the young," it opened in 1899 as a private park on public land, free and open to all. Created at the advent of the American Playground Movement, it is one of the first play spaces in the US.
3500 Reservoir Dr., Philadelphia
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Smithfield Church
Believed to be the first of four early churches built by Dutch Settlers, it stood below the road toward the river. The log structure housed the Dutch Reformed congregation until it moved to the Old Stone Church in Shawnee ca. in 1752.
River Rd. (SR 2028), near Smithfield Beach Access, 3 miles NE of Shawnee
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Snow Hill Cloister
An offshoot of Ephrata Cloister in Lancaster County, deriving its name from the Snowberger family active in its foundation. Composed of widows, widowers, and single persons, with goods held in common, it prospered from 1814 until the Civil War.
Anthony Hwy. (PA 997) at Pine Hill Rd., just S of Quincy
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Snyder County
Formed March 2, 1855 out of Union County. The name honors Simon Snyder (Governor, 1808-17) who made his home in Selinsgrove. The county seat of Middleburg was laid out 1800, incorporated 1864. County was scene of the Penns Creek Massacre of 1755.
County courthouse, 9 W. Market St. (US 522), Middleburg
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Solomon Boscov
Founder of the family-owned department store chain. An immigrant from Russia, 1911, he came to Reading as a peddler. His first store began here after WWI and gradually expanded. New stores opened starting in 1962. In 1969 he died; thirty years later, Boscov's had 34 stores in five states.
1400 Block N. 9th St. at Pike St., Reading
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Somerset County
Formed April 17, 1795 out of Bedford County and named for Somersetshire, England. County seat of Somerset was incorporated in 1804. Settlement followed the course of Forbes Road, opened 1758. This farm county is noted for production of maple syrup.
County Courthouse, 111 E Union St., Somerset
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South 9th Street Curb Market
One of several curb markets established in the early 20th century to counter high prices and food shortages during WWI. The 9th St. Market has survived despite anti-immigrant sentiments and criticisms regarding sanitary conditions and traffic congestion. Neighborhood businesses offered fresh produce and a variety of ethnic specialty foods. It has evolved from a local community market to become a popular Philadelphia icon.
NE corner of 9th & Christian Sts., Phila.
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Speechley Gas Pool Well
Here on April 15, 1885, at a depth of 1, 963 feet, Samuel Speechley completed a natural gas well that was sufficient, for a time, to supply all of Oil City & nearby communities. At the pool of this well was discovered a deep gas bearing sand-stone belt--named the "Speechley Sand" in his honor--extending through much of Pennsylvania into West Virginia. This well continued in operation under successive owners into the early 1990's.
SE corner of Fryburg Rd. (PA 157) & McPherson/Sawtown Rd.(SR 2017) ~7 mi. SE of Oil City
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Spencer Fullerton Baird 1823-1887
Born here, Baird was a leading naturalist, renowned collector, and writer. Influential in the development of the Smithsonian Institution, he was its first curator, 1850, and second secretary, 1878-87. First U.S. commissioner of fisheries, 1871-87. Died in Woods Hole, Ma. 
The location is at 50 N. 5th St., SW corner of N. 5th St. and Washington St., Reading, PA, Berks County. This is the site of Baird's birthplace.
40.343532, -75.927664
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Springetsbury Manor
Established by warrant of June, 1772; resurveyed in 1768. Extending from the Susquehanna to about 18 mi. west, and about 3 mi. on each side of this highway, it was the largest reserved estate of the Penns in Pennsylvania.
Hellam St. (PA 462), at Fairview Cemetery, Wrightsville
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Springfield Friends Meeting
Site of Friends' Meeting since 1686. Present building erected, 1851. A school and library were established here in 1832. Benjamin West, noted American artist, attended this Meeting when he was a boy.
Old Sproul Rd. & W. Springfield Rd. (SR 2009), Springfield (next to stone wall)
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Springton Manor
The largest reserved estate of the Penns in Chester County. It was first authorized by William Penn as a 10,000 acre tract in 1701. After resurvey in 1730, it contained 8,313 acres, including most of present Wallace Township. The southern boundary line of the Manor was near this point.
Springton Rd (SR 4021) & Highspire Rd., 1 mile N of US 322, NW of Downingtown, Wallace Twp.
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Spruce Creek Church
Present church built in 1858 by a Presbyterian congregation organized in 1798. Their first house of worship, a log church built in 1805, was within old Graysville Cemetery, on the hilltop opposite.
Spruce Creek Rd. (PA 45) at church opposite Bobby Ln., between Graysville and Pennsylvania Furnace
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Spurgeon Milton Keeny (1893-1988)
The humanitarian's boyhood home. Served worldwide, 1917-76. In Asia, directed UNICEF; aided family planning. Chief, UN's Italy relief; assisted Russian relief. A YMCA officer in Mesopotamia, Siberia, Estonia, Poland; later was on its U.S. Council.
155 South Main St., Shrewsbury
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Squaw Campaign
800 unruly militia, under command of Gen. Edward Hand, left Pittsburgh to attack British at present Cleveland, February 1778. At an Indian town in the river-fork below here, they killed a man and an old woman; then returned home.
S Atlantic Ave/Elmwood St. just S of New Castle
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Sr. Bernard Sheridan
Pioneer nurse anesthetist. Born Jeanne Sheridan in Ireland, Sister Bernard entered Saint Vincent Hospital to study nursing in 1877 and developed expertise in anesthesiology. Her work was a landmark in nurse anesthesia education programs nationwide.
St. Vincent Hospital, 232 W 25th St., Erie (across from parking garage)
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St. Augustine's Roman Catholic Church
First U.S. foundation, Augustinian Order, 1796. In 1844 the original church here was burned during Nativist riots. This and other violence led to a state law requiring police forces, 1845, and to consolidation of the city and county, 1854.
235 N 4th St. at New St., Philadelphia
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St. David's Church
Erected 1715 by Welsh Episcopalians, renovated 1871. Commemorated by Longfellow's poem. Final burial place of Gen. Anthony Wayne, whose remains were brought from Erie in 1809.
SR 1046 (St. David's Rd.) at SR 1017 (Church Rd.) 2 miles SW of Wayne
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St. James A.M.E. Church
At 236 E. 11th Street. Founded 1874, this is Erie's oldest African-American congregation. Five of its first six members were women. Originally at 3rd & German Streets, this church has long ministered to the spiritual and social needs of the Erie community.
E 12th St. (PA 5) at Holland St., Erie
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St. James' Church (Episcopal)
Founded 1744. Original structure built 1746-53; this building begun 1820. George Ross, signer of the Declaration of Independence, was vestryman. Buried here are the patriots Edward Shippen, William Atlee, Edward Hand, and Jasper Yeates.
E Orange St., just N of Duke St., Lancaster
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St. John Neumann
Here lie the remains of the first male American saint, canonized in 1977. Born 1811 in Bohemia, he came to the U.S. in 1836. A devoted Redemptorist priest, he became fourth Bishop of Philadelphia, 1852, and set up nation's first Catholic diocesan school system. Died, 1860.
St. Peter's Church, N 5th St. & Girard Ave., Philadelphia
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St. John the Evangelist Roman Catholic Church
Established in 1830, the church served as the Roman Catholic cathedral for Pennsylvania, Delaware, and part of New Jersey from 1838 to 1864. A strong patron of the arts, the church was decorated in 1832 with frescoes by artist Nicola Monachesi. In 1834 it was the venue for the American premier of Mozart's Requiem Mass in D Minor in its entirety. The original building burned in 1899; it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1902.
21 S 13th St (at Clover), Philadelphia
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St. Joseph's Church
Organized in 1882 by the Rev. Ignatius Jascovich, pioneer Slovak Catholic priest, St. Joseph's is the oldest Slovak Roman Catholic parish in the Western Hemisphere.
5th & Laurel Sts., adjacent to church steps and opposite St. Joseph School, Hazleton
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St. Mary Magdalen De Pazzi Parish
Founded in 1852 as the first Italian national parish in the U.S. by St. John N. Neumann, Bishop of Philadelphia. New churches were dedicated here, 1854 & 1891. The Delaware Valley's largest Italian community became centered in this neighborhood.
714 Montrose St., Philadelphia
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St. Mary's Church
Parish organized 1847 at Sartwell in the "Irish Settlement," originally formed 1842-60. Log church built 1848; present one completed 1871. Resident pastor long served Roman Catholics throughout McKean and Potter counties, and this was the "mother church" of those at Port Alleghany, Bradford, Smethport, Eldred, Duke Center, and Costello. It later became a mission of St. Raphael's at Eldred.
Newell Creek Rd. (T-388) at church, 1+ mile off PA 155 NE of Turtlepoint
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St. Marys
Founded, 1842, as Marienstadt, by the German-American Catholic Brotherhood, St. Marys was a haven from persecution. It was aided by the Roman Catholic Church, Baltimore merchants, and Ludwig I, King of Bavaria.
St. Mary's St. (PA 255) near the Diamond, at S Michael St. (PA 120), St. Marys
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St. Michael's Church
Founded by Ukrainian immigrants in 1884, St. Michael's was the first church of the Greek Catholic Rite in America. Present church edifice, of the Byzantine style, was erected in 1983.
Corner of Chestnut & Oak Sts., Shenandoah
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St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Croatian Church, North Side
The first Croatian Catholic parish in America was established in 1894. The 1901 church was a center for spiritual and social Croatian culture. Croatian immigrant families fled religious, economic, and political oppression to pursue new lives in Pittsburgh. Its familiar geography and economic opportunities attracted many Croatians. Despite a 14-year preservation effort, the modified Romanesque church and grotto were razed in 2013.
E Ohio St. (PA 28), just S of 31st St. bridge, Pittsburgh
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St. Patrick's Church
A restored log church a few miles from here is a fine example of a pioneer place of worship. It memorializes the first Roman Catholic congregation in this region.
E Brady Rd. (PA 268) at SR 4007, Sugar Creek, ~4 miles NW of Cowansville
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St. Patrick's Church
In 1779, Father Charles Sewall, S.J., took title to a lot here. Log structure built 1784; brick edifice in 1806. Present church erected 1893 by Father Henry G. Ganss. Adjacent is St. Katherine's Hall, built by Mother Katherine Drexel, 1901, for Catholics at Carlisle Indian School.
140 E. Pomfret St. at church, Carlisle
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St. Paul's Episcopal Church
Oldest church building in Cheltenham Township, consecrated 1861. Founder was Jay Cooke (1821-1905), "financier of the Civil War." Cemetery, laid out 1879 and enlarged 1905, contains his mausoleum and graves of prominent area residents. Church originally designed by the firm of Sidney & Merry. Noted architect Horace Trumbauer was responsible for many later additions.
Old York Rd. (PA 611) at Asbourne Rd., Elkins Park
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St. Peter Claver Catholic Church
Dedicated in 1892 and named for a 16th century saint who fought the slave trade, this was the first Roman Catholic church for Blacks in the city. It has served as a Black community cultural center since the 1920s.
SW corner, S 12th & Lombard Sts., Philadelphia
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St. Peter's Church
Lutheran, founded 1752 by Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. From steeple of original church, May 20, 1778, Gen. Lafayette gave orders for battle against British in old churchyard. Here he organized his famous retreat to Matson Ford, saving himself and 2200 Continental troops from capture.
Church Rd. at Park Ave., between Germantown Pike and Ridge Pike, Lafayette Hill
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St. Thomas' African Episcopal Church
Organized in 1792 as an outgrowth of the Free African Society, formed 1787. The original church edifice stood here. Under the ministry of the Rev. Absalom Jones (1746-1818), a former slave, this became the nation's first Black Episcopal church.
SW corner, S 5th St. & St. James Ct., Philadelphia
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St. Xavier's
This Convent and Academy is the oldest institution of the Sisters of Mercy who came from Ireland in 1843. From here many Sisters have gone to various parts of the United States as nurses and teachers.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) at Wimmerton Blvd. in median, at Academy entrance, near Latrobe
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Stan "The Man" Musial (1920-2013)
One of baseball’s all-time great hitters, Musial was born on Sixth Street. As a youth, he trained in gymnastics at the Polish Falcons and played on the Donora zinc mill men’s baseball team. As a St. Louis Cardinal (1941-63), he tallied 3,630 total hits, 475 home runs, and a .331 batting average along with 3 MVP awards, 7 batting titles, and 3 World Series rings. Served in WWII (1945-46). Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969.
Corner of Sixth Street and Meldon Avenue
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Standard Chemical Company
Founded here by brothers J.J. and Joseph Flannery in 1913, it was the first commercial producer of radium in the US. Radium production was the earliest nuclear industry. Discoverer Marie Curie visited the laboratory in 1921 and was presented with 1 gram of the element for research.
Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara St., at entrance across from Thackeray Ave., Univ. of Pittsburgh
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Standard Shaft Mine & Coke Works
One of the world's largest coke producing centers operated here from 1883 to 1931. H. C. Frick Coke Company's more than 900 beehive ovens consumed thousands of tons of coal daily. The company publicized itself by exhibiting a scale model of Standard Shaft No. 2 at Chicago's Columbian Exposition in 1893. The largely immigrant work force, exemplary in its productivity, helped shape the culture of the region.
Along State St. (SR 2007) near interesection with Lucas Way, Mt. Pleasant Twp.
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Standard Theatre
Owned by Black entrepreneur John T. Gibson, this theater featured noted Black American entertainers of the 1920s including Duke Ellington and Ethel Waters. The theater attracted multi-racial audiences until it closed in 1931.
South St. between 11th & 12th, Philadelphia
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Staple Bend Tunnel
First railroad tunnel built in the U.S. and a part of the Portage Railroad. The masonry is intact and a unique engineering feat of the times. Can be visited a few miles east of here, via Mineral Point.
PA 271 at Mineral Point Rd., 5 miles N of Johnstown
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Star of the West, Tent No. Six
An African American women's community service organization, chartered 1865. A part of the United Order of Tents, J. R. Giddings and Jollifee Union, founded in 1847 and named for abolitionist Congressman Giddings and his law partner.
113 S Adams St., West Chester
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Starrucca Viaduct
Built in 1847-48 by the Erie Railroad, it is the oldest stone railroad bridge in the State in use today. Viaduct is 1040 feet long, 100 feet high, and 25 feet wide at the top.
Viaduct St. (SR 1009), Lanesboro just east of viaduct
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State Capitol
This building, which replaced the old brick capitol, was designed by Joseph M. Huston, and erected, 1902-1906. It was dedicated on October 4, 1906, in the term of Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker.
Main entrance to Capitol (south of steps), Harrisburg
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State Museum of Pennsylvania
Since its creation in 1905, The State Museum of Pennsylvania has collected, preserved, researched, and interpreted the cultural and natural history of the state. Over the years, the museum has greatly expanded its collections and modernized its public offerings to serve the needs of succeeding generations of Pennsylvanians. First located next to the Capitol, the museum moved here in 1964. It became part of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in 1945.
Museum lawn, 3rd & North Streets, Harrisburg
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State Police School
The Pennsylvania State Police Training School, first of its kind in the nation, was established here in 1920 at the old Big Spring Hotel, which stood nearby. In 1923 the location of the school was transferred to Hershey, in Dauphin County.
Walnut St. near Big Spring Ave., Newville
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Station WQED
Television station, located here, opened April 1954, as first community-sponsored educational television station in America. In 1955 it was the first to telecast classes to elementary schools.
4802 5th Ave., Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Steamboat "New Orleans"
The first steamboat built west of the Alleghenies, the "New Orleans" was launched Oct. 15, 1811, near this site at Suke's Run. Pittsburgh became a center for steamboat construction & a gateway for 19th-century westward expansion.
First Ave. at Try St., Pittsburgh
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Steamboat Enterprise/Boatbuilding Center
SIDE 1 (Steamboat Enterprise): Fourth steamboat built in Western Pennsylvania, Bridgeport, 1814. Engine design by Daniel French. Capt. Henry M. Shreve, commanding. Steamed to New Orleans, Fall, 1814 and returned June 1815. First steamboat to ascend the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. SIDE 2 (Boatbuilding Center): Flatboats and keelboats built here for trade and downriver migration, 1780-1820. From 1825-1903 a leading steamboat construction center. Over 700 steamboats were built in Bridgeport and West Brownsville and completed in Brownsville.
Dunlap's Creek Park, Bank Street, Brownsville
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Stephanie Kwolek (1923-2014)
Polymer scientist whose discoveries led to the invention of DuPont Kevlar in 1965. Used by many industries because of its high strength and durability, this fiber is best known as the super strong material from which bullet-resistant vests are fabricated. This protective gear has been critical to the safety of law enforcement and military personnel worldwide. Kwolek was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1996. Her former home was here.
734 7th St., New Kensington
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Stephen C. Foster
America's beloved composer of folk songs and ballads was born nearby on July 4, 1826, and lived in the Pittsburgh area most of his life. After achieving fame in writing songs for Christy's Minstrels, he gradually declined in health and died in New York City on January 13, 1864.
3600 Penn Ave., at homestead (behind fence), Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
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Stephen C. Foster Memorial
Tribute to Pittsburgh's beloved writer of songs and ballads, including "Oh Suzanna," "Old Folks at Home," and "My Old Kentucky Home." Born in 1826 and died in 1864.
Forbes Ave. just E of Bigelow Blvd., Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Stephen Decatur
Famed U.S. Navy officer. Born 1779 in Maryland, he grew up in a house on this site. Celebrated for his role in the Tripolitan War, 1804; capture of H.M.S. Macedonian, 1812; and the subduing of the Barbary powers, 1815. Killed in a duel in 1820. Buried, St. Peter's Church.
600 block of S Front St., Philadelphia
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Stephen Foster
America's beloved writer of folk tunes and ballads attended, 1840-41, Athens Academy, which stood here. The Tioga Waltz, Foster's first music, was composed at that time.
PA 199 (across from Tioga Point Mus.) in Athens
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Stephen Foster
The great writer of folk songs and ballads lived in Towanda in 1840-41. He attended Towanda Academy on the hill a short time and stayed with his brother William, a canal official.
U.S. 6 (Main St.) near State St., Towanda
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Stephen Girard (1750-1831)
Merchant, financier, philanthropist. Born in France, he came to this city in 1776. Girard gave strong support to both the First and Second Banks of the United States. By his will he established Girard College, which opened in 1848. Gentilhommiere, located here, was his country house after 1797. Girard added the center and western sections of the house and operated a 583-acre farm here.
Girard Park, Shunk Sts. between S 21st & S 22nd, Philadelphia
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Stephen Smith (1795-1873)
An abolitionist, Smith bought his freedom and was one of America's wealthiest Blacks with his coal, lumber, and real estate ventures. He was the major benefactor of the Stephen Smith Home for the Aged, located here.
1050 Belmont Ave., Philadelphia
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Stephen Vincent Benet
This talented author was born here July 22, 1898; died in New York March 13, 1943. "John Brown's Body" and his other poems and stories give vivid expression to the best in American spirit and tradition.
NE corner, Ostrum & Bishopthorpe Sts., Fountain Hill
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Stiegel Glass Manufactory
On this site, from 1763 to 1774, "Baron" Henry William Stiegel made the glass for which he is famous. Erected in 1763, the building was torn down in 1813.
102 W. Stiegel St., at S Charlotte St., Manheim
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Stiegel Mansion
Built in 1763; home of "Baron" Henry William Stiegel, the renowned glass manufacturer and ironmaster, 1763-1774. Also the residence, 1777-1778, of Robert Morris, Revolutionary War financier.
1 N. Main St. (PA 72), Manheim (Missing)
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Stony Ridge Convention
Located at this site, James Bell's tavern was a meeting place for Anti-Federalists. Members of the Anti-Federalist movement from the Cumberland frontier, led by Robert Whitehill, met in 1788 to oppose the US Constitution, because it lacked guarantees for individual liberties and states' rights. They demanded amendments. This meeting is linked to the adoption of the Bill of Rights and the founding of the Democratic-Republican Party.
Carlisle Pike (Rt. 11) at Louis Blvd., Silver Spring Twp., ~1 mile E of I-81
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Stourbridge Lion
Here began the trial run of the first locomotive operated by steam on rails in the U.S., Aug. 8, 1829. The Lion was English-built for use on levels of the Gravity Railroad. It was piloted by Horatio Allen.
Main St. (US 6 / PA 191) at Park St., Honesdale, by bridge
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Stourbridge Lion
A replica of the famous Stourbridge Lion, first locomotive run on rails in the U.S., 1829, is housed here. Beside it is the Eclipse, original passenger coach on the D & H Gravity Railroad.
Main St. (US 6) & 8th St., at historical soc., Honesdale
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Strasburg Rail Road
Established in 1832 in response to the Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad's bypass of Strasburg, it remains the oldest American railroad operating under its original charter. Local railroad enthusiasts saved it from abandonment in 1958 and developed it as one of the most successful tourist railroads in the US. The fleet of operable historic steam engines and passenger cars, among the largest in the nation, preserves the state's rail transportation history.
At the site, Rt. 741, just E of Strasburg
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Stuart Tank
During WWII, 9,135 American Car & Foundry workers from the surrounding region produced 15,224 tanks for American and Allied Forces. The first US tank fabricated on an assembly line, the Stuart was favored for its speed and mobility and saw action in theaters of war on all continents. A.C.F. became the nation's largest producer of armor plate and was unique in having its own ballistics testing range. The plant was located here.
Third & Oak Sts., Berwick
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Stuart's Raid
Confederate cavalry under Gen. J.E.B. Stuart entered this state Oct. 10, 1862. Unable to burn the iron bridge at Chambersburg, they reentered Maryland near Emmitsburg, Oct. 11, circling the Union army.
Blairs Valley Rd. about 100 yds. N of state line
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Studebaker Home
Built ca. 1790 by David Studebaker, carpenter, farmer, and minister. He was related to the family that later built wagons and automobiles. The house is privately maintained as a museum.
200 W. King St. (PA 234) W of Abbottstown St. (PA 194), East Berlin
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Suesserott House
Built about 1807. Later, it was the home of Dr. Jacob Suesserott, a prominent physician, dentist and surgeon. The fire started by Confederate cavalry on July 30, 1864, was arrested at this point.
SW corner of Main & Washington Sts., Chambersburg
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Sugar Run Mounds
Archaeological excavations immediately to the west of here, revealed three burial mounds, a village site and associated artifacts. The remains represent an outpost of the widespread Hopewellian peoples of the 12th and 13th centuries.
PA 59 at Cornplanter (Missing)
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Sugarloaf Massacre
After an unsuccessful attack on Fort Augusta, Indians and Tories surprised a detachment of Northumberland Co. militia on Sept. 11, 1780. The site of the massacre is just beyond the town.
E side of PA 93, at Hidden Creek Ct., near Conyngham
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Sugarloaf Massacre - PLAQUE
Near this spot occurred the Sugarloaf Massacre on Sept. 11, 1780. A detachment of Captain John Van Etten's company Northampton County Militia, resting at the spring, was surprised by a band of Indians and Tories led by the Seneca Chief Roland Montour. Those who perished were - Captain Daniel Klader, Corporal Samuel Bond, Jacob Arndt, Peter Groom, Philip George, Abraham Klader, John Kouts, James McGraw, Paul Neely, George Peter Renhart, Jacob Row, George Shillhamer, Abraham Smith, Baltzer Snyder, John Weaver.
Walnut Ave. (opposite #95) & Orchard Ln., Conyngham (N of PA 93)
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Sullivan Campaign
This major expedition of the Revolution aimed at the Indian-Tory alliance in New York, was organized at Easton under Gen. John Sullivan. Over a month''s preparations preceded the first day''s march, begun near here June 18, 1779.
Knox Ave. (SR 2025, former PA 115) near Raub St., just N of Easton
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Sullivan County
Formed March 15, 1847 from Lycoming County. Named for State Senator Charles C. Sullivan, who was active in securing its creation. Laporte, the county seat, was incorporated 1853. County is home of Eagles Mere (long a noted resort) and Worlds End State Park.
Courthouse, Main & Muncy Sts., Laporte
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 (Brinker''s Mill) - PLAQUE
Site of Sullivan''s Stores, the advanced post of the Expedition.
Hamilton Rd. (Route 209), near Neola Rd., Sciota
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 (Fort Penn)- PLAQUE
The home of Col. Jacob Stroud was located here. Rendezvous for several companies for the expeditions uniting with main army at Learned's Tavern.
inside historical assoc. at Main & 9th Sts., Stroudsburg
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 (Learned's Tavern)- PLAQUE
The last house on the frontier. The end of the second day's march June 19, 1779. Distance 16 miles.
Rt. 611 at bridge at Old Mill Rd., Tannersville
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 (White Oak Run)- PLAQUE
site of Chowder Camp, where Gen. Sullivan dined on trout chowder, end of third day's march June 20, 1779, distance 5 miles.
Rt. 611 at Sullivan Trail Rd., across from dam and pond, 100 yds fr. E Crescent Lake Rd., 5 miles NE of Tannersville
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Breakneck Hill (PLAQUE)
BREAKNECK HILL Narrow pass over which Sullivan's Army marched August 9, 1779 is visible across the river in a Southeasterly direction. Six miles of Sullivan's March are in plain view.
Off US 220 between Towanda and Ulster (Missing from site but at Hist. Soc.)
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Bullock Farm (PLAQUE)
3/4 mile west, on this road, was the end of the 5th day's march, June 22, 1779. Distance 5 miles.
Rt 115 at cross roads, 6.5 miles SE of Wilkes-Barre
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Fort Wyoming (PLAQUE)
Mobilization camp of Sullivan's Army, June 23 - July 31, 1779.
River Commons, River St. near W. South St., Wilkes-Barre
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Heller's Tavern (PLAQUE)
The end of the first day's march June 18, 1779. Distance 12 miles.
S Broadway (PA 512) just N of Male Rd. (SR 1028), Wind Gap
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Lackawanay (PLAQUE)
Ten miles from Wyoming. First encampment of Sullivan's army on its march from Wyoming to Teaoga, July 31, 1779, lay on lowlands directly across the river.
PA 92, 1.5 miles N of West Pittston
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Quialutimack (PLAQUE)
Seven miles from Lackawanay second encampment of Sullivan's army on the march from Wyoming to Teaoga, Aug. 2, 1779, lay directly across the river.
Sullivans Trail (PA 92), 2.8 miles S of Falls, .2 mile N of Wyoming-Luzerne Co. line (MISSING)
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Sheshecunnunck (PLAQUE)
15 miles from Standing Stone, seventh and last encampment of Sullivan's army on march from Wyoming to Teaoga August 10, 1779, lay on these lowlands by the river.
E side of SR 1043 in Sheshequin Twp., 2.3 miles N of the bridge into Ulster
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Standing Stone (PLAQUE)
9 1/2 miles from Wyalusing, sixth encampement of Sullivan's army on the march from Wyoming to Teaoga August 8-9, 1779, was on river lowlands opposite the Standing Stone.
River Rd. (SR 2016), Standing Stone
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Sullivan Road (PLAQUE)
Over which the Army began its advance. June 18-1779.
Junction Sullivan Trail & Knox Ave.(SR 2025, former PA 115), N end of Easton
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Teaoga (PLAQUE)
Teaoga. Indian village 3 miles distant from Sheshecunnunck, site of Sullivan's army encampment August 11-26, 1779, lay one and one-fourth miles south of this point.
Corner of Tioga (PA 199) & Main Sts. (across from Tioga Point Mus.), Athens
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Tunkhannock (PLAQUE)
Twelve miles from Quialutimack on the march from Wyoming to Teaoga August 3, 1779 Lay on lowlands between this point and the river.
US Bus. Rt. 6 (W Tioga St.) & Warren St., Tunkhannock
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Vanderlip's Farm (PLAQUE)
Fourteen miles from Tunkhannock Fourth Encampment of Sullivan's Army on the march from Wyoming to Teaoga August 4-5, 1779 lay on this lowland known as Black Walnut Flats.
Grand Army of the Republic Hwy. (US 6) at Bluestone Rd., Black Walnut
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Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779 - Wyalusing (PLAQUE)
10 1/2 miles from Vanderlip's farm. Fifth encampment of Sullivan's Army on the march from Wyoming to Teaoga, August 6-7, 1779, was on site just west of this road marked by the Moravian Indian town monument.
US 6 at Moravian Rd., 1.4 miles SE of Wyalusing
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Sullivan Progress Plaza
First shopping center in the US built, owned, and operated by African Americans, it was established in 1968 by Rev. Leon H. Sullivan, Zion Baptist Church members, and the local black community. Its success attracted national attention; it led President Nixon to fund the Progress Development Services Corp. to aid blacks nationwide with commercial development projects. It encouraged black capitalism, inspiring similar economic ventures.
1501 N Broad St., Philadelphia
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped just west Aug. 5-7, 1779, en route to attack the New York Iroquois. A major campaign, destroying 40 villages and ending the Indian-Tory frontier menace.
US 6 near Moravian Rd., just over 1 mile SE of Wyalusing
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped on the nearby river lowlands Aug. 8-9, 1779 en route to attack the Six Nations Iroquois. Sixth camp between Wyoming and Fort Sullivan.
US 6 at Tamarack Rd., ~6.2 miles NW of Wyalusing, at Standing Stone Twp. Bldg.
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped on the Sheshequin Flats below, Aug. 9-10, 1779. The seventh and last overnight stop on the way to Tioga Point.
U.S. 220, 1.3 miles N of Ulster
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped a short distance west from here on June 22, 1779. It was the fifth camp on the march from Easton. Next day the army reached Fort Wyoming, Wilkes-Barre.
PA 115, 6.3 miles SE of Wilkes-Barre
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped on the lowland on the opposite side of the river, July 31, 1779. It was the first camp on the march from Fort Wyoming, Wilkes-Barre, to Tioga.
PA 92, 1 mile N of West Pittston
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped here on June 21, 1779, after a 20-mile march. It was the fourth camp on the march from Easton to Fort Wyoming at Wilkes-Barre.
PA 115, ~11 miles SE of Wilkes-Barre
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Sullivan's March
Brinker's Mill was the storehouse and advance post for the Sullivan Expedition, which left Easton June 18, 1779, to attack the hostile Iroquois Indians.
Hamilton Rd. (Bus. US 209), near Neola Rd., Sciota
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Sullivan's March
Learned's Tavern marked the end of the second day's march from Easton to Fort Wyoming, at Wilkes-Barre. The army camped here June 19, 1779, after a 16-mile march from Heller's Tavern.
Manor Dr. (PA 611) at Old Mill Rd. (CVS parking lot), Tannersville
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Sullivan's March
Heller's Tavern near Wind Gap was the site for Sullivan's army at the end of the first day's march from Easton, June 18, 1779. The army was astir at 4 the next morning, crossing the mountains at Wind Gap.
S Broadway (PA 512) just N of Male Rd. (SR 1028), Wind Gap
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army on Aug. 3, 1779 camped by the river. Third camp from Fort Wyoming. Part of the Clinton-Sullivan campaign ending in the rout of the Six Nations Iroquois. The Tory-Indian menace on the frontier was eliminated.
US Bus. Rt. 6 (W. Tioga St.) at Warren St., Tunkhannock
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped on the lowland on the opposite side of the river Aug. 1-2, 1779. It was the second camp from Fort Wyoming at Wilkes-Barre en route to Tioga.
Sullivans Trail (PA 92), 2.8 miles S of Falls
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Sullivan's March
Gen. John Sullivan's army camped on the lowland here Aug. 4, 1779. The fourth encampment between Fort Wyoming and Tioga Point.
Grand Army of the Republic Hwy. (US 6) at Blue Stone Rd. (Old US 6), Blue Stone, near Black Walnut
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Summerseat
Washington's headquarters Dec. 8-14, 1776. Built in 1773 by Thomas Barkley; restored in 1931. Owners included Robert Morris and George Clymer. Located at Legion and Clymer Aves.
At site, Legion Ave. between Clymer & Hillcrest Ave., Morrisville
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Sun Inn
Erection begun, 1758; enlarged and altered in 19th century. Considered one of the best inns of its time. Here many notable patriots and military leaders of the Revolutionary War period were entertained.
560 Main St. near W Broad St., Bethlehem
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Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
During WWII, Sun was the largest single shipyard in the world, with over 35,000 employees. It introduced the all-welded ship, which significantly increased ship production, and the T-2 oil tanker, which became the standard at all US shipyards. Sun built over 250 WWII tankers, 40% of those built in the world, and repaired over 1500 war-damaged ships. Established by the Pew family, it was located at this site from 1916 to 1982.
intersection of Industrial Hwy. (Rt. 291) & Harrah''s Blvd. (at Harrah's Casino & Racetrack), Chester
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Sunbury
Laid out 1772 as the county seat of Northumberland on the site of Indian Shamokin by surveyor-General Lukens and William Maclay. Borough incorporation Mar. 24, 1797. Here Fort Augusta was built in 1756. Historic center of travel, trade and industry.
Route 147/61 (Front St.), at Weis Markets HQ, S end of Sunbury
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Sunbury
Laid out 1772 as the county seat of Northumberland on the site of Indian Shamokin by Surveyor-General Lukens and William Maclay. Borough incorporation Mar. 24, 1797. Here Fort Augusta was built in 1756. Historic center of travel, trade and industry.
Highland St. (PA 61) at metal truss bridge, E end of Sunbury
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Sunbury
Laid out 1772 as the county seat of Northumberland on the site of Indian Shamokin by Surveyor-General Lukens and William Maclay. Borough incorporation Mar. 24, 1797. Here Fort Augusta was built in 1756. Historic center of travel, trade and industry.
US 11/15 at 8th Ave., Shamokin Dam (4 miles N of Selinsgrove)
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Sunset Park
One of the premier music venues outside of Nashville, the park featured many of the biggest stars of country and bluegrass. Operated by the Waltman family from 1940 to 1995, it supported the transition from pre-WWII "hillbilly music" to the nationally popular country music genre. Featured artists included Hank Williams, Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, Randy Travis, and Bill Monroe. Live unreleased recordings of major performers have been preserved.
S Jennersville Rd. (PA 796)at Waltman Ln., West Grove
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Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal
Chartered by Pennsylvania, 1835; run by the canal company, 1840~1872, and the Reading Railroad till 1894. Followed the river for 45 miles below Columbia.
S Front St. (PA 624) across from Orange St., Wrightsville
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Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal
Chartered by Pennsylvania, 1835; run by the canal company, 1840~1872, and the Reading Railroad till 1894. Followed the river for 45 miles below Columbia.
Furnace Rd. (PA 425) at York Furnace
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Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal
Chartered by Pennsylvania, 1835; run by the canal company, 1840~1872, and the Reading Railroad till 1894. Followed the river for 45 miles below Columbia.
Long Level Rd. (PA 624), 1.8 miles NE of Craley
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Susquehanna Canal
Masonry visible beside the river remains from a lock of the canal which carried goods southward from Columbia, and provided an outlet for trade from Pennsylvania to Baltimore.
Long Level Rd. (PA 624), 1.8 miles NE of Craley
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Susquehanna Canal
Lock masonry, just below the bridge, and part of the old channel mark the north end of the canal, which met the State-owned canal at Columbia. Until 1863, the river-bridge had a towpath for mules; later, tugboats pulled canal craft across.
Long Level Rd. (PA 624), S end of Wrightsville
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Susquehanna Canal
Now housing the Tucquan Club, the nearby stone building was originally a warehouse for deposit and shipping on the canal. Masonry fragments and a portion of the canal-bed may be seen nearby.
Furnace Rd. (PA 425) at York Furnace
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Susquehanna County
Formed on February 21, 1810 out of Luzerne County. Named for Susquehanna River. Home of Galusha A. Grow, sponsor of 1862 Homestead Act. Montrose, county seat incorporated 1824, was an early Abolitionist center and stop on the Underground Railroad.
Monument Square at Maple St. & Lake Ave., adjacent to County Courthouse, Montrose
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Susquehanna Log Boom
Six-mile series of piers, built by a company incorporated in 1846; used to collect and store logs during spring log drives down the West Branch. Helped make Williamsport the world's lumber capital prior to 1900. Badly damaged in 1889 flood, the boom declined thereafter.
Montgomery Pike (US 15), E of Main St. and Rt 15 split, S Williamsport
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Susquehanna University
Founded 1858 by the Evangelical Lutheran Church as the Missionary Institute and Susquehanna Female College. The present corporate title was adopted in 1895.
University Ave. near 18th St., Selinsgrove
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Susquehannock Village at Lemoyne
Archaeological excavations near here in the early 2000s uncovered a palisaded Susquehannock village dating from the early 1600s. Fragments of iron, brass, and glass beads indicated contact with Dutch traders and the English settlement of Jamestown, Va., between 1610 and 1624. Research at the site has led to an enhanced understanding of this Native American nation, including its settlement patterns and the internal organization of its villages.
E end of Herman Ave. at Memorial Park, at archaeological site
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Swatara Gap
This gap in the Blue Mountain, named for Swatara Creek, was a gateway through which enemy Indians came to raid frontier settlements during the French and Indian War. Fort Swatara was built nearby to guard it.
PA 72 just SE of 81 underpass, 2 miles N of Lickdale, near Inwood
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Swedish Pioneers
First European settlers in present Berks County on land granted by William Penn, 1704-5. The home of Mounce and Ingeborg Jones, built 1716 and the oldest house in the county, stands at the opposite end of the river bridge.
E Main St. / W Schuylkill Rd. (PA 724) between River Bridge Rd. and Red Corner Rd., 4.2 miles SE of Birdsboro
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Switchback Railroad
A gravity railroad was built along this mountain in 1827 to carry coal from the mines near Summit Hill to the Lehigh Canal at Mauch Chunk. A back-track and two planes were added in 1844 for the return trip by gravity. Railroad crossed the highway here.
SR 3012, 3 miles SW of Jim Thorpe
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Sylvania Colony
The site of Horace Greeley''s Utopian colony modeled on Brook Farm and the ideas of Fourier, French Socialist, was near here, 1842-45. The 300 members of the Sylvania Society abandoned it after July frosts killed all crops in 1845.
Junction US 6 at PA 434, ~2 mi. S of Greeley
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Sylvania Colony
The site of Horace Greeley''s Utopian colony modeled on Brook Farm and the ideas of Fourier, French Socialist, was located here. Based on common property holding and equal labor, it failed in 1845 after July frosts had killed all crops.
PA 434, ~100 yds. from PA 590 junction, Greeley
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Sylvania Electric Products
During WWII, produced critical electrical components including vacuum tubes for proximity fuzes, a key military device that improved the precision of artillery shells. Founded in 1907, the workforce was composed of primarily women, prompting Colliers to call Emporium "Girls Town USA.” The former Sylvania Club here was the home of one of the company’s original investors, lumber baron Henry Auchu. The factory operated on Poplar St. until 1990.
135 W. 4th Street at former Sylvania Club on corner of Poplar St.  Factory can be seen down Poplar.
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T. Morris Chester
Journalist, educator, lawyer. Born here, 1834. Taught in Liberia, 1857-61. Recruited Black soldiers in Civil War; noted as war correspondent. In Europe for freedmen's aid; was admitted to the English bar in 1870. Held major posts in Louisiana, 1873-83. Died nearby, 1892.
Market Street near 3rd St., Harrisburg
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Tapeworm Railroad
Begun in 1836 by the State of Pennsylvania, largely through the efforts of Thaddeus Stevens. The meandering railroad''s nickname was provided by its opponents. It was put up for sale in 1842. Just west of here stands its granite stone viaduct.
Fairfield Rd. (PA 116) & Iron Springs Rd. (SR 3014), SW of Fairfield
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Tatiana Proskouriakoff (1909-1985)
American scholar and archaeologist who published a paper that revolutionized the world's understanding of Mayan hieroglyphs. Her groundbreaking work influenced archaeologists' interpretation of cultural sites. Her accolades include the 1962 Kidder Award for eminence in American archaeology and the Order of the Quetzal in 1984, Guatemala's highest honor for a foreigner. Her home was on Fairview Ave.
S Lansdowne Ave. & Fairview Ave., Lansdowne
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Teaoga
This strategic locality between the Chemung and the Susquehanna, shows signs of age-old residence by various Indian groups. Graves of an Andaste chief and his followers were unearthed here in 1883-95.
PA 199, S end Chemung River Bridge into Athens (just past bar & grill)
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Teaoga & Queen Esther's Town - PLAQUE
Teaoga. A watch town, the south door of the Iroquois House was situated at the meeting of the rivers 200 rods to the northeast. Queen Esther's Town of the Delaware Indians was 100 rods to the east along the Chemung River banks. Both towns were destroyed by Colonel Thomas Hartley and his troops Sept. 27, 1778. These flats for 5 miles known as Queen Esther's Flats were grazing ground for their herds.
US 220 (E side), 1 mile N of Milan
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Teedyuscung (ca. 1700-1763)
Called "King of the Delawares," he upheld the dignity of Native Americans and strove to protect their right to land in Pennsylvania. Baptized by the Moravians, he established the Wyoming Valley''s last Delaware & Mahican settlement near this site in 1754. A buffer between the Iroquois and Connecticut settlers, he represented his people in conferences at Easton, 1756-1762. He died when his cabin burned down here, April 19, 1763.
16 Riverside Dr. near Sheldon St., across from Wyoming Valley Sanitary Auth. #12, Wilkes-Barre
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Terence V. Powderly
Noted labor leader. Born Jan. 22, 1849, in Carbondale. Grand Master Workman of the Knights of Labor, 1879-93. Scranton's Mayor, 1878-84. Later Federal immigration official. Died in 1924. His home was near here.
N. Main Ave. & Mears St., West Scranton
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Terminal Commerce Building
Completed in 1931, the Art Deco building by William Steele & Sons was the largest commercial building on the East Coast. It is an architectural and engineering landmark that combined a freight station with a storage and office building for the Reading Railroad.
401 N Broad St., Philadelphia
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Thaddeus Kosciuszko
After serving as a military engineer during the American Revolution, he later led an uprising in his native Poland. Exiled, the General resided in this house from November, 1797, to May, 1798.
NW corner, S 3rd & Pine Sts., Philadelphia
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Thaddeus Stevens
Lawyer, congressman, abolitionist, ironmaster, and defender of free public schools in Pennsylvania, lived in a house that stood on this site. He moved from here in 1842.
51 Chambersburg St., Gettysburg
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Thaddeus Stevens
Lawyer, congressman, defender of free public schools, abolitionist, lies buried in the rear of this cemetery. He believed in the "Equality of man before his Creator." Resided in Lancaster from 1842 until his death, 1868.
At Shreiner's Cemetery, at W Chestnut & N Mulberry St., Lancaster
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The 1948 Donora Smog
Major federal clean air laws became a legacy of this environmental disaster that focused national attention on air pollution. In late October of 1948, a heavy fog blanketed this valley, and as the days passed, the fog became a thick, acrid smog that left about 20 people dead and thousands ill. Not until October 31 did the Donora Zinc Works shut down its furnaces--just hours before rain finally dispersed the smog.
At Donora Public Library, Meldon Ave. (PA 837) at Fifth St., Donora
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The Aaronsburg Story
Aaron Levy, a Jewish immigrant who founded this village in 1786, donated ground for the Lutheran and Reformed congregations here and presented them with a pewter communion set. In remembrance of his generosity, 30,000 people gathered in Aaronsburg on October 23, 1949, for a day-long celebration of religious and racial understanding. It included a huge outdoor pageant on a natural stage just north of this site.
E Aaron Sq. (PA 45), E end of Aaronsburg
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The American Light Infantry - PLAQUE
Near this place vigorously resisted the advance of the British at the Battle of Brandywine Sept. 11, 1777.
US 1 (N side), 1 mile W of Chadds Ford
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The Atkinson Family
Abolitionists Thomas and Hannah Atkinson and other members of Upper Dublin Friends Meeting conducted an Underground Railroad station at the farm next door. Individuals who escaped slavery are buried in the meetinghouse cemetery. Son Wilmer created the award-winning Farm Journal magazine in 1877. Circulated nationally, it has been a primary source of practical information for farm families and has promoted agricultural innovation and advocacy for farmers.
at Upper Dublin Friends Meeting, 1506 Ft. Washington Ave. near Meetinghouse Rd., Maple Glen
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The Baldwin School
Originally designed as a summer resort hotel by noted architect Frank Furness, this is his last surviving building of its type. Opened in 1890 as the Bryn Mawr Hotel, it was built in a French Chateau style for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Baldwin School, the preparatory school for girls founded in 1888, leased the building, 1896; became its owner, 1922. This structure replaced an earlier Bryn Mawr Hotel, built here for the PRR about 1871.
701 Montgomery Ave., Bryn Mawr, inside school compound on island in front of school
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The Banana Split
In 1904 in Latrobe, the first documented Banana Split was created by apprentice pharmacist David Strickler - sold here at the former Tassell Pharmacy. Bananas became widely available to Americans in the late 1800s. Strickler capitalized on this by cutting them lengthwise and serving with ice cream. He is also credited with designing a boat-shaped glass dish for his treat. Served worldwide, the banana split has become a prevalent American dessert.
805 Ligonier St., Latrobe
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The Baptist Church in the Great Valley
Organized in 1711 by Welsh families, it is the second oldest Baptist church in the State and the mother of eight nearby congregations. The present building, the second, was erected in 1805.
N Valley Forge Rd., just S of Old Forge Crossing, Tredyffrin Twp.
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The Barrymores
Three famous actors, Philadelphia-born, were the third generation of this "Royal Family of the American Stage." Lionel (1878-1954), Ethel (1879-1959), and John (1882-1942) performed on stage, screen, radio. Their grandparents, the Drews, managed the Arch St. Theatre here.
NW corner, N 6th & Arch Sts., Philadelphia
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The Beginning of Agricultural Cooperative Extension Service
One of the nation's earliest cooperative extension offices was established in 1910 in Schellsburg, Bedford County with A. B. Ross as county agent. The innovative program sought to educate farmers about agricultural science to increase their productivity. County Extension offices are now found throughout the US. Farmers and other citizens continue to benefit from agents' expertise on agriculture, 4-H programs, and family and consumer science.
3744 Pitt St. (Rt. 30), Schellsburg (next to bank)
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The Big Spring
Former camping place at the junction of two Indian paths: the Great Shamokin, running from Sunbury to Kittanning; and the path to Venango, now Franklin. During War of 1812, Maj. McClelland's force camped here. Spring is 60 yards SW.
Pa. 410, .5 mile SW of Luthersburg
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The Bloody Rock
On the night of July 3, 1778, after the Battle of Wyoming, fourteen or more captive American soldiers were murdered here by a maul wielded by a revengeful Indian woman, traditionally but not certainly identified as "Queen Esther."
Susquehanna Ave., between 7th & 8th Sts., Wyoming
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The Bloody Spring
Here, during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), one colonial soldier venturing from the garrison at nearby Fort Augusta, was fatally shot by an Indian foe. His blood is said to have crimsoned its waters.
Memorial Dr. near Shikellamy Ave. across from Memorial Park, just N of Sunbury
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The British Attack - PLAQUE
Upon the American Right Wing under Sullivan at the Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777, Began here.
W Street Rd. (PA 926) at Birmingham Rd. (SR 2001), West Chester
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The Bucktails
Famed Civil War volunteers departed from this point for Harrisburg, April 1861, where they were mustered into State service. A monument, erected in their honor, is just south of here. This highway and a State park are named for the Bucktails.
at post office, Junction 3rd St. / Bucktail Trail Hwy. (PA 120) & Bridge St. (PA 555), Driftwood
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The Bucktails
At the call of Col. Thos. L. Kane, 100 Civil War volunteers assembled here on Apr. 24, 1861, to go to Harrisburg. Tails of buck deer, worn as distinctive insignia, provided the name of the famed 42d Regiment, of which they were the core.
US 6 at courthouse, Smethport
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The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The nation's first children's hospital, 1855. A pioneer in pediatric care, preventive medicine, and research, the hospital developed lifesaving vaccines, invented newborn surgical techniques, and advanced care for children with cancer.
S 34th St. & Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia
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The Christiana Riot
The 1850 federal Fugitive Slave Act strengthened the position of slaveowners seeking to capture runaways. Pursuing four escaped slaves, Maryland farmer Edward Gorsuch arrived Sept. 11, 1851, at the Christiana home of William Parker, an African American who was giving them refuge. Neighbors gathered, fighting ensued, and Gorsuch was killed. This incident did much to polarize the national debate over the slavery issue.
south side of Lower Valley Rd., ~.75 mile east of Brick Mill Rd., Sadsbury Twp., SW of Christiana
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The Craighead Family
The 1886 house and surroundings were an inspiration to this family. Brothers Frank and Eugene became prominent entomologists. Frank's nationally known conservationist sons, John and Frank, Jr., saved Yellowstone's grizzlies, popularized falconry, inspired the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and contributed to National Geographic. Newbery-winning daughter Jean Craighead George wrote nature books Julie of the Wolves and My Side of the Mountain.
318 E Old York Rd. (Rt. 174), South Middleton Twp.
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The Crawford Family
Eben Crawford (1821-1897) was an iron foundry operator and early oil and gas producer. In 1926 sons George (1861-1935) and Fred (1863-1933) organized Columbia Gas and Electric Corp., the world's largest integrated natural gas company, merging production, pipelines, and distribution properties in several states. Cousin Harry Crawford (1867-1953), banker, producer, and refiner, became first president of Quaker State Oil Refining.
Emlenton Presbyterian Church, 508 Main St., Emlenton
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The Dennis Farm
Settled by Prince Perkins, a free African American Revolutionary War veteran who came from Conn. in 1793, the property has remained in his descendants' ownership for over 200 years. Granddaughter Angeline Perkins Dennis and husband Henry W. Dennis expanded the farm. It provides an understanding about free African American settlement and life in an integrated rural Pa. community and attests to the prevalent antislavery activity in northeastern Pa.
at site entrance on Creek Rd. ~.4 miles S of Zicks Hill Rd./Oakley Crossing, Brooklyn Twp.
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The Dixie Hummingbirds
Renowned African American gospel vocal group originally formed in 1928; members received a National Endowment for the Arts Heritage Fellowship in 2000. They influenced popular musicians, including James Brown, Stevie Wonder, and the Temptations. Their version of Paul Simon's "Loves Me Like a Rock" won a Grammy Award in 1974. Founder James B. Davis (1916-2001) lived in this home, which served as the group's headquarters.
2435 N College Ave., Philadelphia
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The Doan Gang
In 1783 the Pa. State Government declared six Doan family members outlaws for robberies, burglaries, and felonies. During the Revolutionary War, the Doans of Plumstead Twp. spied for and sold stolen horses to the British Army. They robbed the county treasury in 1781. Leader Moses was killed in a shoot-out, Abraham and Levi were hanged, Joseph Jr. and Aaron fled to Canada, and Mahlon disappeared. Three are buried nearby.
4914A Point Pleasant Pike at Friends Mtg. House, Gardenville
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The Dorsey Brothers
Trombonist Tommy Dorsey (1905-56) & saxophonist Jimmy Dorsey (1904-57) were key figures of the "big band" era. Born within three miles of here, both grew up and began their musical careers in Shenandoah. Until 1935 the brothers performed together. They led separate orchestras during the next 18 years before being reunited. Frank Sinatra was a featured singer with Tommy''s orchestra, 1940-42.
5 N. Main St. (PA 924) near Center St., Shenandoah
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The Dunbar Theatre
Erected here by Black bankers, this theater was home to the Lafayette Players, popular vaudeville entertainers. Later bought by white interests and renamed the Lincoln, it hosted major Black performers from the 1920s into the 1940s.
SW corner, S Broad St. at Lombard, Philadelphia
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The Escape of Ona Judge
Judge (c.1773-1848) was brought to Phila. in 1790 as the enslaved house servant of First Lady Martha Washington. She escaped from the President's House on May 21, 1796, to New Hampshire with the assistance of the city's African American community. Pres-ident Washington’s attempts to recapture her were unsuccessful, as he met resistance from federal officials who would not comply with the Fugitive Slave Act. Judge lived as a free woman for the rest of her life.
SW Corner of 6th and Market Street
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The Famous Indian Walk - PLAQUE
... of a day and a half from Wrightstown, Bucks County to near the present Mauch Chunk was performed for the Penn proprietors of Pennsylvania September 19-20, 1737 by Edward Marshall and his associates who slept at the end of his first day near Hockendauqua Indian Town which was 1 1/2 miles to the south and the next morning passed near this point. The survey line of the Walking Purchase was run later in 1737 a half mile east of this marker by BENJAMIN EASTBURN surveyor general of Pennsylvania.
Junction of Indian Trail Rd. (SR 3016) and Kohls Rd., at Hokendauqua Creek, .25 mile NW of Kreidersville
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The First Weather Satellite
The world's 1st experimental and operational weather satellite, TIROS 1, was manufactured here by Lavelle Aircraft Corp. in 1960. Pioneering satellite TV techniques, TIROS recorded the 1st TV image from space. Its success led to improved satellites that provided key data to meteorology.
S State St. at Sterling St., Newtown
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The Fries Rebellion of 1799
Site of early challenge to federal government's authority. This armed resistance by Pennsylvania-German farmers to the 1798 federal house tax was suppressed by soldiers. Leader John Fries was arrested for treason, condemned to death, and pardoned by President John Adams.
At Red Lion Inn, 4 S Main St. at W Broad St., Quakertown
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The German Society of Pennsylvania
The oldest German American organization in the US was founded Dec. 26, 1764, in Philadelphia to provide legal aid, welfare, and language support to German immigrants. Its library, containing one of the nation's largest German collections, is used by the public and scholars world-wide. The Society moved here in 1888 and continues to preserve German culture and heritage through language instruction, as well as music and educational programs.
611 Spring Garden St. (at N 7th), Philadelphia
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The Grand Battery
Known also as the Association Battery, this was Pennsylvania's largest early fortification. Originally built in 1748, shortly after formation of a volunteer military force called the Association, it mounted 27 guns; within a few years it held some 50 guns. Later the first Philadelphia Navy Yard was here, 1800-1875. A short distance to the north, the smaller Society Hill Battery was built in April 1748; it mounted 13 guns.
S Columbus Blvd., near US Coast Guard Station, Philadelphia
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The Grand United Order of Odd Fellows
Founded in 1844, this was the first Black lodge in Pennsylvania and the third in the United States. A benevolent fraternity, it provided funds for sick and disabled members. In 1908 the national headquarters were erected here.
S 12th & Spruce Sts., Philadelphia
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The Grandin Well
At oil spring across river at this point J.L. Grandin began second well drilled specifically for oil, Aug., 1859, after Drake''s success. It was dry, showing risks involved in oil drilling.
US 62, .4 mile S of Buckingham St. Bridge over the Allegheny, near Tidioute
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The Great Island
Many Indian nations have occupied the Great Island in the river just south of here. Trails led from the Genesee, Ohio, Potomac, and Susquehanna North Branch. Delawares and Shawnees stopped here for a time on their migration west.
Woodward Ave. (PA 150/old US 220), just E of Pine Ridge Dr., ~1.3 miles NE of Lock Haven
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The Great Steel Strike of 1919
In the largest work stoppage to that date, over 350,000 U.S. workers went off the job. Rev. Adalbert Kazincy, pastor of St. Michael's here, championed the strikers and provided the church as a meeting place. The strike failed after 15 weeks.
Braddock Ave. at 11th St., at United Steelworkers Local 1219, Braddock
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The Great Trail - Minquas or Susquehanna Indians- PLAQUE
From the Susquehanna to the Schuylkill. Crossed the present road about this point. It was the path prior to 1670 for their conquest of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians and for trade with the first Dutch and Swedish settlers on the Delaware River. Thousands of Beaver skins yearly being carried down over this "Beversrede" or Beaver Road to Fort Beversrede. On the site of Philadelphia and to other neighboring trading posts.
Bus. US 322 at Church Ave., SE of West Chester
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The Haines Shoe House
Haines, “The Shoe Wizard,” to promote his chain of stores, the 25-foot-high, 48-foot-long, shoe-shaped guesthouse is considered a notable example of mid-20th century programmatic architecture, functional buildings shaped like objects or animals for advertising purposes. Visible from the Lincoln Highway, it has become an icon of the historic coast-to-coast road. Seniors and honeymooners stayed for free.
In front of the Haines Shoe House
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The Highlands
Built in 1796 by merchant and Pa. state senator Anthony Morris as a refuge for the Morris family during recurrences of yellow fever in Philadelphia. Originally 200 acres, it is noted for its late Georgian-style fieldstone mansion, designed by Philadelphia politician Timothy Matlack. Sold in 1813 to wine merchant George Sheaff, whose family owned it until 1917, when Caroline Sinkler purchased it. She made Colonial Revival renovations.
7001 Sheaff Lane, just at the entrance and driveway of The Highlands Historical Society. 
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The Jewish Hospital
Organized in 1865, it was the first hospital in Pa. funded and established by Jewish people to treat members of their religion, although it was open to all. By the mid-1800s, Philadelphia's Jewish population rose sharply, primarily because of Jews fleeing Germany. The Jewish Hospital provided kosher food and observed Jewish religious practices unavailable at other hospitals. It was renamed Albert Einstein Medical Center in 1952.
At hospital, 5501 Old York Rd., at intersection of Albert Einstein Dr., Philadelphia
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The Johnson House
Built in 1768 for John Johnson. This was home to three generations of a Quaker family who worked to abolish slavery and improve living conditions for freed African Americans. In the 1850s this house was a station on the Underground Railroad. Here and in smaller buildings on the property, men and women escaping slavery found shelter on their way to freedom.
6306 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
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The Kelly Family
This famous family lived in the home built here by John B. Kelly. A successful businessman active in city politics, Jack was a 3-time Olympic gold medal winner in the 1920s for rowing. Son John Jr. ("Kell") won the Diamond Scull at the 1947 British Henley Regatta and a bronze medal at the 1956 Olympics. Both father and son were named to US Rowing and Olympic Halls of Fame. Daughter Grace was an Academy Award-winning actress and Princess of Monaco.
At the corner of W Coulter St. & Henry Ave., Philadelphia
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The Legendary Blue Horizon
Built to house wealthy businessmen and their families (1865), and later the headquarters for the Moose Lodge (1912). By the 1960s the Blue Horizon was known as the center of African American community life and as a world renowned boxing venue.
1314 N Broad St., Philadelphia
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The Lehigh Canal
This canal's 47 miles from Mauch Chunk to Easton were constructed 1827-1829. Here the Lehigh Canal connected with the Delaware Canal to Philadelphia, and with the Morris Canal to New York. Vital to the transport of anthracite coal and to the rise of the anthracite iron industry, the Lehigh Canal was in full operation until 1932, and in partial operation 10 years longer. This section was fully restored, 1976.
Hugh Moore State Park, near Canal Boat Store and Natl. Canal Museum, Easton
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The Liberation of Jane Johnson
In 1855, an enslaved woman and her two sons found freedom, aided by abolitionists William Still, Passmore Williamson, and other Underground Railroad activists. They escaped from their Southern owner while being transported through Philadelphia and settled later in Boston. The incident, which occurred nearby, and Williamson's subsequent imprisonment and famous trial attracted national attention, further intensifying the North-South conflict.
211 S Columbus Blvd., Penn's Landing near Walnut St. pedestrian walkway and entrance to Independence Seaport Museum, Philadelphia
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The Lynching of Zachariah Walker
An African American steelworker, Walker was burned to death by a mob near here on August 13, 1911. He was accused of killing Edgar Rice, a white security guard and former borough policeman. Fifteen local men and teenage boys were indicted for their involvement in Walker's death but were acquitted of all charges. Nation-wide outrage led to the NAACP's national anti-lynching campaign and inspired Pennsylvania's 1923 anti-lynching law.
Doe Run Rd. (Rt. 82S), approx. 1/4 mile from Coatesville city limits (at Phila. Power Plant access gate)
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The Manor of Steyning - PLAQUE
The Manor of Steyning of 15,500 acres patented by William Penn for "fatherly love" and one beaver skin yearly to his daughter Laetitia Penn at Philadelphia, October 23, 1701 is here marked on its western line adjoining a tract of 14,500 acres which the proprietor patented to his son WILLIAM PENN, JUNIOR May 24, 1706
W Baltimore Pike (SR 3046) southbound, .5 mile W of Kennett Square
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The McGugin Gas Well
Drilled in 1882, one mile west of here, with the then largest flow of gas in the world, and later piped to Pittsburgh for light and heat. This initiated the beginning and development of the great oil and gas fields in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Henderson Rd. (PA 18) at Caldwell Rd., just S of PA 50, NW of Washington (Missing)
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The Mills Brothers
Grandfather, William H. Mills, a local Jubilee Singer, had a barber shop here, 1871-1931. Father, John H., went to Ohio. Four sons, born there, formed first vocal group to overcome racial barriers, gaining a mass audience. Father was its bass, 1936-56; group endured, 1925-81.
213 W. High St., between Water & Spring, Bellefonte
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The Mounds
Site of two Indian Burial Mounds built between 2,000 and 3,000 years ago by the Adena people. Late 19th century excavations found skeletons, pottery, copper implements, and other antiquities.
Memorial Park, Mounds & Indiana Sts., Monongahela
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The MOVE Bombing
On May 13, 1985, at 6221 Osage Avenue, an armed conflict occurred between the Phila. Police Dept. and MOVE members. A Pa. State Police helicopter dropped a bomb on MOVE's house. An uncontrolled fire killed eleven MOVE members, including five children, and destroyed 61 homes.
Cobbs Creek Pkwy. on Cobbs Creek Park side of street opposite Osage Ave.
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The Palestra
Opened in 1927 and is home to the Penn Quakers men's and women's basketball teams,
volleyball teams, and wrestling team. Named after the ancient Greek term "Palaestra" it was
one of the first steel and concrete arenas, and the first in U.S. to be constructed without pillars
blocking view. Also home to Philadelphia Big 5 basketball, "The Cathedral of College Basketball"
has hosted more games and visiting teams than any other facility.
In front of the building.
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The Penn Relays
Founded 1895 on this site. Officially named The Penn Relay Carnival and hosted annually by the University of Pennsylvania. It gained recognition as the world's first and largest track and field relay meet and the nation's longest uninterrupted collegiate meet. The Relays have drawn top high school and college athletes from the U.S. and elsewhere and have been the scene of numerous American and world records.
At Franklin Field track entrance, 233 S 33rd St., Philadelphia
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The Pennsylvania Chautauqua
One of over 200 Chautauquas created as part of a late 19th , early 20th C. movement that began in 1874 at Lake Chatauqua, NY. It grew to include many programs in the arts, sciences and religion and sought to educate people of all social standings. The PA Chautauqua opened here in 1892 on land that was later purchased from industrialist Robert Coleman; over time a number of public buildings were constructed to further its mission.
Pa. Route 117 and Carnegie Ave., Mt. Gretna
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The Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women
This school was among the first in the nation to educate women for careers in horticulture and agriculture. It was founded in 1910 on this site by Jane Bowne Haines and a "congress of women." Three years later the Woman's National Farm and Garden Association originated here at a meeting sponsored by the school. During WWI & WWII PSHW trained women to grow and preserve food for the war effort. In 1958, PSHW merged with Temple University.
580 Meetinghouse Road, Ambler
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The Pennsylvania Slave Trade
African people, first enslaved by the Dutch and Swedes, survived the brutal voyage from Africa to the Caribbean islands and the Americas, debarking on the Delaware River waterfront as early as 1639. William Penn, other Quakers, and Philadelphia merchants purchased and enslaved Africans. As the institution of slavery increased, these courageous people persevered and performed integral roles in building Pennsylvania and the nation.
at Independence Seaport Museum near waterfront, 211 S Columbus Blvd., Philadelphia
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The Pennsylvania State Capitol - Commonwealth Treasure
The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission declares the Pennsylvania State Capitol a Commonwealth Treasure For all to protect and preserve as a vital architectural and artistic monument to government by and for all Pennsylvanians
rear of Main Capitol, Commonwealth Ave. near fountain, Harrisburg
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The Pennsylvania State University
Chartered as an agricultural college in 1855. Located on land donated by James Irvin, the school admitted its first class in 1859 to study the application of science to farming. Designated the state's only land-grant institution in 1863. Penn State was one of the earliest participants in this federally supported system of higher education, which promoted an innovative and diverse curriculum of "liberal and practical education."
N Atherton St. (Bus. US 322) between Curtin Rd. & W Park Ave., State College
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The Philadelphia Contributionship
for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire ------ Oldest fire insurance company in America. Founded in 1752 by Benjamin Franklin and his friends.
212 S 4th St., Philadelphia
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The Philadelphia Zoo
"America''s First Zoo." Chartered 1859 as the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. A wildlife refuge and a zoological garden, the zoo has long been committed to fulfilling its public mission: conservation, research, education, recreation.
3400 W Girard Ave. at zoo entrance, Philadelphia
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The Plastic Club
Responding to their exclusion from all-male art clubs, professional women artists formed the Plastic Club in 1897 and began holding exhibitions here in 1909. Notable members included Emily Sartain, Violet Oakley, Jessie Willcox Smith, and Elizabeth Shippen Green.
At the site.
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The Rescue of Anthony Hollingsworth
On June 26, 1845, this 12 year-old fugitive slave was captured by slave hunters. Armed residents surrounded the hotel where he was held & demanded his release, defying federal law. Judge Thomas White freed him in the old courthouse on this site.
6th & Philadelphia Sts, Indiana (at 1st Commonwealth Central Offices Bldg.)
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The Roeblings
John A. Roebling, inventor of steel wire rope and designer of the Brooklyn Bridge, began business at Saxonburg, founded by him in 1832. His son, Washington A. Roebling, who built the Brooklyn Bridge, was born here in 1837.
147 N. Rebecca street in front of the Saxonburg Museum
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The Rosedale Banishment
On September 7, 1923, in response to rising racial tensions, Johnstown Mayor Joseph Cauffiel ordered all Blacks and Mexicans who had lived in the area for less than seven years to leave. By some reports, more than 2,000 people were forced out under threat of imprisonment. News reports, some by Black journalists and activists, prompted a state investigation and turned public opinion against Cauffiel, who lost reelection.
South end of Hinckston Run Reservoir
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The Salvation Army
The first U.S. corps was opened here on Oxford St. by 17-year-old Eliza Shirley in 1879. She came from England, assigned by the founder, William Booth. This organization would become the largest private charity in the U.S., giving spiritual and social help to the needy.
350 W Oxford St. (at N 4th), Philadelphia
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The Slinky Toy
Invented in 1943 by Richard James and named by his wife Betty, the Slinky was manufactured here at James Industries until 1965. In 1960 Richard left his family and gave control of the nearly bankrupt company to Betty. Betty turned the company into a multimillion-dollar enterprise with worldwide distribution. In 2001 she was inducted into the Toy Industry Hall of Fame. The Slinky was one of the most popular toys of the 20th century.
2 W Baltimore Pike (at Springfield Rd.), Clifton Heights
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The Solitude
Designed and built in 1784 as a riverside villa by John Penn, Jr., it served as a model for country houses of the Federal period (c. 1775-1830). Administered by the Philadelphia Zoo since 1874, the original Adam Style features, including elegant plaster ceilings, are preserved.
at site on Phila. Zoo grounds, 3400 W Girard Ave., Philadelphia
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The SPHAs Basketball Team
The South Philadelphia Hebrew Association was a dominant professional team from 1918 to 1959, winning 12 league championships. During its heyday in the 1930s, the team was all Jewish. Owner/coach Eddie Gottlieb was a seminal figure in the establishment of the NBA. Instrumental in the growth of pro basketball in its formative years, in later years the team toured with the Harlem Globetrotters. Home games were played here at the former Broadwood Hotel.
Broad & Wood Sts., Philadelphia
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The Squares
Set aside, at the time of Manor survey in 1761, by the family of William Penn, as property of the town of Bedford.
S. Juliana St. at W Penn St., Bedford
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The Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians - Fort Augusta - PLAQUE
First selected as rendezvous for Sullivan Expedition Lt. Col. Adam Hubley's Command. The only regiment quartered here to march against the Six Nations.
N Front St. (PA 147) S of John St., at site (and Co. hist. soc.), Sunbury
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The Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians - Fort Freeland - PLAQUE
Mill built in 1773 and Stockaded in 1778 by Jacob Freeland. Attacked, captured and destroyed by British Tories and Seneca Indians. 108 Settlers killed or taken Prisoner. July 28, 1779.
Susquehanna Trail (SR 1007), at Warrior Run Church, N of McEwensville
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The Tripp House
Isaac Tripp, Scranton''s first settler, built a house here in 1771. His son, Isaac II, began the present building--the oldest in Lackawanna County--about 1778. Both men represented this region in Connecticut''s Assembly. Isaac III enlarged the house in the Federal style, 1812. Col. Ira Tripp remodeled it along Victorian lines during the period 1870-91. The house remained in the family until 1900.
1011 N. Main Ave. near Scranton Expy., Scranton
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The Unknown Soldier - PLAQUE
Within this crypt rests the bones of an unknown soldier in the war for Independence. He was one of more than five hundred men who died in the hospital here at Bethlehem, and was buried on this hill side.
DAR House, 1st Ave. & W Market St., Bethlehem
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The Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades
Founded in 1888 by philanthropist Isaiah V. Williamson to teach underprivileged young men "some trade, free of expense" via a character-based curriculum. With trade apprenticeships disappearing in the US in the late 19th century, it was a model in vocational education. It is the only trade school in the nation providing full scholarships to all students. The campus contains the largest existing collection of buildings designed by Frank Furness.
106 S New Middletown Dr. (Rt. 352), between North & Main Drs., Media
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The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
The nation's first independent biomedical research institution was founded in 1892 by Isaac Jones Wistar. It houses the anatomical collection of the Wistar and Horner Museum. Many critical vaccines and the albino Wistar rats used in medical research were developed here.
3601 Spruce St.
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The Woodlands
Here, William Hamilton (1745-1813) created one of the finest landscape gardens of its day and introduced many exotic plants. His mansion and stable, built 1787-92, are early examples of the neoclassical Adamesque-Federal style. In 1840 the estate became one of the first large rural cemeteries in America. The writer S. Weir Mitchell, artist Thomas Eakins, nurse-reformer Alice Fisher, and architect Wilson Eyre are buried here.
4000 Woodland Ave., Philadelphia
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The York Water Company
In 1816, members of the York community came together and formed this company to protect the town from fire and to provide a clean, reliable supply of drinking water. This early example of a public "“ private partnership is the nation's oldest investor-owned utility and York's oldest business. As a publicly traded company York Water has issued dividends to share-holders since 1816 and established the American record for consecutive dividends.
130 E Market St., York
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Thomas A. Edison High School and the Vietnam War
Sixty-four former Edison students died in service to their country during the Vietnam War between 1965 and 1971 "“ more than any school in the nation. These young men represent the burden and disparity of the war on poor rural and urban communities throughout America. Whether they enlisted voluntarily or were assigned draft numbers that they were unable to avoid by deferment, these men made the ultimate sacrifice.
8th St. & Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia
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Thomas B. Read
The painter and poet was born Mar. 12, 1822, a mile away. Author of well-known "Sheridan's Ride." Spent mature years in Europe, but died in New York City, May 11, 1872, and is buried in Philadelphia.
Horseshoe Pike (US 322) at Corner Ketch Rd.(SR 4037), NW of Downingtown
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Thomas Butler
On this lot Thomas Butler had his home and gunshop about 1764; the latter still stands to the rear. Butler and five sons, all officers, served in the Revolution. Often referred to as the "Fighting Butlers."
W. High St. between Pitt & West Sts., Carlisle
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Thomas E. Cahill (1828-1878)
Entrepreneur and philanthropist who bequeathed the bulk of his estate to establish Roman Catholic High School for Boys, the first free Catholic high school in the US. Founded here in 1890, the school initiated a diocesan high school system that became a model throughout the nation. Coming from a poor immigrant family, Cahill sought to provide young men from similar backgrounds with the secondary education denied him.
E side of N Broad St., between Vine & Pearl, Philadelphia
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Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
One of the finest realist painters of his time. A master of the art of the human figure. His work included portraits and scenes of sporting and medical events such as The Gross Clinic. A lifelong Philadelphian, he had his home & studios here on Mt. Vernon St.
1729 Mt. Vernon St., Philadelphia
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Thomas Garrett (1789-1871)
Born at Riverview, near here, Garrett was a prominent abolitionist and Underground Railroad activist. He moved to Wilmington, DE in 1822, and sent many fugitive slaves to his brothers at Riverview, Fernland Farms, and here at Thornfield. He was a devout Quaker and associate of Harriet Tubman and William Still. Although convicted and fined, he aided 2,700 freedom seekers; his commitment to their emancipation was unwavering.
Garrett Rd. & Maple Ave., Drexel Hill
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Thomas Holme (1624-1695)
Appointed by William Penn in 1682 as Surveyor General of Pennsylvania. A member of its first Assembly, 1682, and its Provincial Council, 1683-86. Under Penn's direction, Holme laid out the original portion of Philadelphia. He drafted the first map of this city, 1683, and a map of the settled parts of Pennsylvania, 1687. Here on his estate he was buried - as were members of the Crispin family, relatives of Penn.
Pennypack Park, 3000 Holme Ave., Philadelphia
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Thomas J. Foster
Pioneer in education by mail, editor, publisher, veteran, was born Pottsville, Jan. 1, 1843. Founded the "World Schoolhouse," the International Correspondence Schools, in 1891. An early advocate of mine safety laws. Died in Scranton, Oct. 14, 1936.
Wyoming Ave. near Ash St., Scranton (Missing)
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Thomas L. Kane
Commander of the Civil war "Bucktail Regiment" and founder of the borough of Kane. Breveted Major General in 1863. A friend of Brigham Young and staunch supporter of the Mormon pioneers. He died, 1883, and was buried at this chapel, built at his direction in 1876-78.
30 Chestnut St. (Kane Memorial Chapel), Kane
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Thomas Massey House
A fine example of early Pennsylvania rural architecture. Brick section was built before 1708 by Thomas Massey, who by 1696 was owner of a 300-acre "plantation" here. An earlier central wooden section was replaced by stone about 1730 by his son. Original wood kitchen replaced by stone about 1800. Room above kitchen added sixty years later. The house was deeded in 1964 to Marple Township and was restored.
467 Lawrence Rd. (SR 1020), .5 mile NE of PA 320, Haverford
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Thomas McKean
The signer of the Declaration of Independence, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania and Governor, from 1799 to 1808, was born on this farm on March 19, 1734. Also active in the politics of Delaware, he encouraged Caesar Rodney to cast the deciding vote for American independence.
1895 New London Rd. (PA 896) between Pennbrook Dr. and Walnut Glen Rd., NW of PA 841, Franklin Twp.
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Thomas Mifflin
Member of the Continental Congress, a Revolutionary soldier, first Pennsylvania governor, 1790-99, lived at his estate Angelica from 1774 to 1794. The Berks County Farm and Home now occupies the site.
E. Lancaster Ave. (US 222) at Mifflin Blvd., at corner of school campus, Shillington
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Thomas Rowland & Sons Shovel Works
High quality shovels and spades were produced at the Rowland Mill complex near here, founded by Benjamin Rowland, Jr. in 1795. The millworks, operated until 1901 by the Rowland family, gained an international reputation and helped to establish the value of American manufactured goods abroad. The Rowland house here remains one of the last surviving late 18th century structures associated with early American hardware production.
300 Ashbourne Rd., Cheltenham
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Thomas Rutter
Pioneer ironmaster and opponent of slavery who died 1730. Built Pennsylvania's first ironworks nearby, 1716. In ensuing decade he erected Pine Forge and built this mansion; in 19th century it was an Underground Railroad stop. Academy was founded here, 1945.
Pine Forge Rd. (SR 2063) at Pine Forge Academy, Pine Forge
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Thomas Ustick Walter (1804-1877)
Nationally prominent Philadelphia architect who designed the US Capitol dome and wings and Girard College. He was consulting architect for Philadelphia's City Hall. A founder of the American Institute of Architects, he served as its president. Walter lived near here 1837-41.
1218 Arch St., Philadelphia
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Thompson's Island
An advance party of Brodhead's expedition of 1779 into the Seneca country had a skirmish here with 30 or 40 Indians, the only fighting which took place in that campaign, and the only Revolutionary battle in northwestern Pennsylvania.
US 62, ~4 miles S of Irvine, Pleasant Twp.
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Thompson's Rifle Battalion
The first battalion in the colonies authorized by Congress, June 1775. Totaling nine companies, it was initially led by Col. William Thompson of Carlisle. Later the organization became the First Pennsylvania Continental Regiment.
E. South St. at Old Graveyard, Carlisle (MISSING)
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Thompson's Rifle Battalion: Capt. George Nagel's Company
With men enlisted from Berks County, Nagel's Company was a part of the first battalion in the colonies authorized by Congress, in June 1775. After gathering at Reading the following month, this company and other companies of the battalion marched approximately 350 miles in order to join the American siege of Boston.
940 Centre Ave. (PA 61) near Spring St., Greenfield Manor section of Reading
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Thompson's Rifle Battalion: Capt. James Chambers' Company
Recruited in this part of Cumberland (now Franklin) County, Chambers' Company was a unit of the first battalion in the colonies authorized by Congress, in June 1775. From here this company marched about 450 miles to join the siege of Boston. The battalion became the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment, with Chambers as Colonel, 1777-81; he was later a Brigadier General of militia.
W King St., 1 block W of US 11, in Ft. Chambers Park, Chambersburg
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Thompson's Rifle Battalion: Capt. John Lowdon's Company
Recruited from nearby points in June 1775, Lowdon's Company was a part of the first battalion in the colonies authorized by Congress. Among those who entered Continental service in this company was Timothy Murphy, whose many feats of marksmanship were to make him a hero of the Revolution.
Front St. (PA 147) between John & Julia Sts., at Hunter Home, Fort Augusta (and Co. hist. soc.), Sunbury
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Three Locks
Preserved here are three locks of the Pennsylvania Canal, Juniata Division. Unique in that three locks and levels were adjacent. Stonework and the old bed of the canal can be seen.
US 22/522 near Strodes Run Rd./Middle Rd., at Strodes Mills, 4.6 miles SW of Lewistown
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Three Rivers Stadium
Opened on July 16, 1970. Home to the Pirates, who won two World Series, and the Steelers, who won four Super Bowl Championships, creating Pittsburgh's "City of Champions" identity. It was the site of Roberto Clemente's 3,000th hit, September 30, 1972, and Franco Harris's legendary "Immaculate Reception," December 23, 1972. A multi-use facility, it also hosted many concerts and special events prior to demolition on February 11, 2001.
Art Rooney Ave., near North Shore Dr., Heinz Field, North Shore (Pittsburgh)
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Tiadaghton Elm
Under this elm, on July 4, 1776, resolves declaring independence were drawn prior to news of action by Congress at Philadelphia. This was an expression of the spirit common to the frontier and led by the famous Fair Play men.
River Rd. (SR 1016 / old US 220), at Bonner Ln., SE of Avis
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Tiadaghton Elm
Here July 4, 1776, pioneer settlers of the West Branch resolved independence from Britain. This historic tree still stands about two miles from here at the junction of the Susquehanna and Pine Creek.
PA 220 northbound, just SW of exit 120 (PA44 N, Pine Creek), NE of Avis
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Tidewater Pipe Co.
Opposite here was station no. 1 of the first pipe line to carry oil across the Alleghenies. Built by an early competitor of Standard Oil, it began May 28, 1879, to pump oil 109 miles to Williamsport, Pa.
PA 446 (Farmer's Valley-Eldred Rd.) at Moody Hollow Rd., Coryville
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Timothy Matlack
Revolutionary patriot, state official, and member of Continental Congress, 1780-81. Colonel of a rifle battalion, Philadelphia Associators, 1775-76; served in Battle of Princeton. A founder, Society of Free (or "Fighting") Quakers, 1781. Member, Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, 1776; secretary of its Supreme Executive Council, 1777-82; and Master of the Rolls, 1800-09. Died April 14, 1829; he was buried in Philadelphia and reinterred near here in 1905.
Pawlings Rd. (SR 4004) between Audubon Rd. and Old Mill Rd., across from wildlife sanctuary, Audubon
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Tindley Temple
Founded 1902 as East Calvary Methodist Church. Renamed for its founder, Rev. Charles A. Tindley. Born a slave in Maryland, he did much to assist later migrants from the South. After his death, Tindley Temple continued to sponsor needed community programs.
750-762 S Broad St. (PA 611), Philadelphia
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Tinicum
First permanent settlement in present-day Pennsylvania, founded 1643 by Col. Johan Printz, governor of New Sweden. Seized by the Dutch in 1655, and by the English in 1664.
PA 291 eastbound at Twp. Bldg., just NE of Essington
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Tioga County
Formed March 26, 1804 from Lycoming County. The name, derived from an Indian word meaning "the forks of a stream," honors the Tioga River. Wellsboro, the county seat, was laid out in 1806; incorporated 1830. On Pine Creek is Pennsylvania's Grand Canyon.
Main St. (PA 660), in planting bed beside courthouse, Wellsboro
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Titusville Oil Exchange
The industry's first permanent oil exchange was organized in 1871 by producers, refiners, dealers, brokers. Starting in the American Hotel on this spot, it moved to other sites; returned here in a new three-story brick building, 1881. Dissolved 1897; building razed 1956.
Spring St. between Washington & Franklin, Titusville
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Toll House
One of the six original toll houses on the Cumberland or National Road. It was built by the State after the road was turned over to it by the U.S. in 1835. The road was completed through this section in 1817-18.
National Rd. (US 40), near Dearth / Canistra Rds., 5 miles NW of Uniontown
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Toll House
One of the six original toll houses on the Cumberland or National Road is on the hill opposite. Built after the road was turned over to the State in 1835 by the U.S. Restored and preserved by the D.A.R.
National Pike (US 40) and Main St., in grass triangle between roads, Addison
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Toll House
Site of toll house of the Stoyestown-Greensburg Turnpike Road Co. The turnpike, a section of the Philadelphia-Pittsburgh road, was completed in 1819 at a cost of about $6,000 a mile. State took over the turnpike in 1911.
635 E. Pittsburgh St., east of Stark Ave., Greensburg
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Toll House
Just northeast of here stood 1 of 5 gates of Greensburg-Pittsburgh Turnpike Road Co. The turnpike, a section of the Pittsburgh-Philadelphia road, was completed in 1817. Over it, passed goods in trade between east and west.
Mount Odin Park, Tollgate Hill Rd. (Bus. Rt. 30), Greensburg
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Tom Mix
The famous cowboy star of cinema and circus was born here, January 6, 1880. A soldier during the Spanish-American War, he won renown for his "wild west" roles in hundreds of motion pictures - both silent and sound - between 1910 and 1935. Tom Mix died in an auto accident in Arizona on October 12, 1940.
Near birthplace, Low Grade Rd. (PA 555) at Mix Run (Sinnemahoning Creek), W of Driftwood
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Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937)
1st President of Czechoslovakia (1918-1935). On October 26, 1918, he led a gathering of 25 delegates from 12 Central & East European nations at Independence Hall, and delivered the Declaration of Common Aims, a Declaration of Independence for these nations.
Independence Mall West, S 6th St. between Chestnut and Samson, Philadelphia
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Tommy Loughran (1902-1982)
World Light Heavyweight Champion from 1927 to 1929. He boxed during the "Golden Age of Boxing" in many weight classes, besting 10 champs in his 18-year career. The "Philly Phantom" had a scientific style, built on precision and maneuverability rather than brute force. Considered a gentleman both in and out of the ring. In 1991 he was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Loughran was devoted to his neighborhood and church here.
SW corner, S 17th & Ritner Sts., Philadelphia
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Transportation Corps Unit Training Center
A stevedore training program was established in 1942 at Fort Indiantown Gap. Soldiers were trained to load and unload cargo using three wood and concrete dry land ships. Many recruits were African Americans whose companies were segregated from their parent port battalions during instruction but not in WWII combat locales such as Italy and Normandy Beach on D-Day. Training provided here enabled efficient operations instrumental in Allied victory.
Fisher Ave., near Quartermaster Rd., Ft. Indiantown Gap, Annville
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Travel History
Five stages of travel can be recalled here. Concrete covers the old turnpike. Opposite are the ruins of the old canal. The Juniata was once filled with river craft. Across the river is the Pennsylvania Railroad.
US 22/322 westbound at Bus. 22 exit, near Lewistown
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Treasure Island Reservation
Consisting of Treasure Island and Marshall Island. Home to one of the nation's oldest Boy Scout camps, established by the Philadelphia Council, B.S.A., in 1913. Birthplace of the Order of the Arrow, a national campers' honor society founded upon Native American traditions. Its Unami Lodge No. 1 was created here in 1915 by the camp's first director, E. Urner Goodman, and his assistant, Carroll A. Edson.
River Rd. (PA 32) betweeen Smithtown and E Dark Hollow Rds., 3.5 miles N of Point Pleasant (pking pull-off across rd. just N of marker)
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Trevose
On the nearby hill stands the Great House of Joseph Growden, built about 1687. Growden was a prominent figure in provincial affairs. Later, Joseph Galloway, the Tory leader, lived here.
US 1, 3.5 miles W of S. Langhorn (Missing)
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Trimble's Ford - PLAQUE
September 11, 1777, while on the march to the Battlefield of Brandywine, the British Army under Howe and Cornwallis crossed the Brandywine at the ford just south of this point.
Camp Linden Rd. (SR 3023), .2 mile E of Northbrook Rd. (SR 3058), Marshallton (W Bradford Twp.)
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Trout Hall
Built, 1769-70, by James Allen, son of Allentown's founder, William Allen. Later known as the Livingston Mansion. In 1848 it became Allentown Seminary, and in 1867 part of Muhlenberg College. Now the home of the Lehigh County Historical Society.
At site, S. 4th St. near Walnut St., Allentown
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Troxell-Steckel House
The house built originally in 1756 by John Peter Troxell and acquired by Peter Steckel in 1768 lies one-half mile west. Restored in 1943, the house is now owned and maintained as a museum by the Lehigh County Historical Society.
Main St. (PA 329) near Park St., beside church parking lot (not Egypt Community Church), Egypt
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Troxell-Steckel House
Just west of here is the house built originally by John Peter Troxel in 1756 and acquired by Peter Steckel in 1768. It was restored in 1943 and is now owned and maintained as a museum by the Lehigh County Historical Society.
S Church St. (Rt. 1023) between Bridge & Park Sts., near Egypt Community Church, Egypt
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Trucker's Mill
A sawmill, built before 1755, and used as a station for troops at time of the French and Indian War, stood about 200 feet north of here. Known also as Kern's Fort, its position on two pioneer roads gave it much military value.
Main St. (PA 873) near Diamond St., at Gen. Morgan bridge, Slatington
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Tulpehocken Evangelical and Reformed Church
Organized in 1727 by Tulpehocken settlers. Since 1745, one red rose has been paid annually by the Church to the heirs of Caspar Wistar as rental for the land granted by him for erection of the second place of worship. Since 1902, a white rose, a token of appreciation, has been given to Wistar''s descendants.
Benjamin Franklin Hwy. / E Lincoln Ave (US 422) near E Main Ave., 3 miles E of Myerstown
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Tulpehocken Path
An Indian path from Shamokin (Sunbury) came over the mts. by way of Klingerstown and Pine Grove to Weiser's place in the Tulpehocken Valley. Chiefs of the Six Nations, carrying "words of wampum" to Brother Onas (Penn) at Philadelphia, traveled this path.
Conrad Weiser Pkwy. / W Penn Ave. (US 422), at Conrad Weiser Homestead E of Womelsdorf
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Tulpehocken Path
An Indian path connecting the Iroquois capital at Shamokin, now Sunbury, with the Tulpehocken Valley, ran northwest through here. It was used by ambassadors to "Brother Onas," i.e., Wm. Penn and his successors.
Lancaster Ave. (PA 501) at Schubert Rd., just N of I-78/US22), 1 mile N of Bethel
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Tulpehocken Path
The Indian Ambassadors Road turned east near here over the hills to the Tulpehocken Valley. Used by Iroquois chiefs from Onondaga, now Syracuse, carrying peace wampum from the "Fire that Never Dies" to Philadelphia. Often traveled by Shickellamy.
PA 147, between Wise Ln. and Reservoir Rd., N of Herndon
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Tulpehocken Path
At Mahantango Gap, seen to the south, was the Double Eagle, a stopping place on the Indian path that ran from Shamokin (Sunbury) at the Forks of the Susquehanna to Weiser's in the Tulpehocken Valley, and on to Philadelphia.
Hooflander Rd. (SR 3016), ~.3 miles N of Main St. (SR 3018), east side, NW of Klingerstown
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Tulpehocken Path
On other side of the creek, where the old road runs, the Tulpehocken Path entered the "Gaps of the Swatara." In 1743 Conrad Weiser, John Bartram, and Lewis Evans passed here for Onondaga with peace messages from Virginia to the Six Nations.
205 N Tulpehocken St. (PA 125), just N of Oak Grove Rd., Pine Grove
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Tulpehocken Path
Along this ridge, between Deep and Pine Creeks, ran the Tulpehocken Path. It connected Shickellamy''s capital of Shamokin, now Sunbury, with the Tulpehocken Valley. Travelled by Indian ambassadors and Christian missionaries.
Main St. (PA 25) near Forest Rd., between Hegins & Valley View
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Tun Tavern
Near here stood Tun Tavern, 1693-1781, which is regarded as the traditional birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, authorized by a resolution of the Continental Congress, November 10, 1775. SEMPER FIDELIS
Front St., between Chestnut & Walnut, Philadelphia
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Tunkhannock
The name of a Delaware Indian village located at the mouth of the creek in the mid-18th century. Visited by Cammerhof in 1749. Hays and Tatemy found it deserted in 1758. The name means "small stream."
Rt. 6 (Tunkhannock Bypass) & Bridge St. (PA 29/309), at bridge, Tunkhannock
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Tunkhannock
The name of the Delaware Indian village located at the mouth of the creek in the mid-18th century. Visited by Cammerhof in 1749. Hays and Tatemy found it deserted in 1758. The name means "small stream."
PA 92 at US 6, S of Tunkhannock (MISSING)
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Tunkhannock Viaduct
This reinforced concrete structure was the largest of its kind ever built when it went into service in 1915 on the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. The bridge, 2,375 feet long and rising 240 feet above Tunkhannock Creek, was the focal point of a 39.6-mile relocation between Clarks Summit and Hallstead. The novelist Theodore Dreiser called this viaduct "one of the true wonders of the world."
Nicholson Bridge, Lackawanna Trail (US 11), at park monument, N end of viaduct, .5 mile S of Nicholson
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Tuscarora Academy
Founded in 1836, it operated as an academy until 1912. Building, erected 1816, was used as a church until 1849. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. NOTE: "Administered by" painted out in 2017 as no longer correct.
At site, Academia Rd. (SR 3017) at Academy Rd., Academia
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Tuscarora Path
Used by the Five Nations Iroquois in raiding tribes to the south, and later by early traders and settlers. It began one mile west of here and terminated in the Tuscarora region of North Carolina.
Wm. Penn Hwy., just NW of Industrial Rd. (PA 75), ~.9 mile NW of Mexico
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Twelve Mile Camp
George Washington in 1758 set up a camp a mile north of this point while building Forbes Road. In 1774 Fort Shippen was built at the same site.
Lincoln Hwy. (US 30) just W of PA 981 junction, just SW of Latrobe
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Twin Shaft Disaster
On June 28, 1896, fifty-eight men were killed in a massive cave-in of rock and coal here, in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Colliery. An investigative commission, appointed by the Governor, reported on Sept. 25. Although its safety recommendations would often be ignored, the disaster was a factor that led to a stronger unionization of this region under John Mitchell after 1900.
N. Main & Union Sts., Pittston
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U.S. Colored Troops Grand Review
Excluded from a May 1865 "Grand Review of the Armies" in Wash., DC, U.S. Colored Troops from Penna. and Mass. regiments assembled here at State & Filbert Sts. on Nov. 14, 1865 for a parade honoring their courage during the Civil War. Grand Marshal T. Morris Chester led them through Harrisburg to Sen. Simon Cameron's Front St. home to be gratefully acknowledged. Octavius Catto, William Howard Day, Gen. JB Kiddoo, & the Rev. Stephen Smith spoke.
Soldier''s Grove behind Capitol, Walnut / 7th St. across from State St. Bridge, Harrisburg
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U.S.S. Michigan/Wolverine
U.S.S. MICHIGAN, the U.S. Navy’s first iron-hulled vessel, was assembled and launched near this site on December 5, 1843. Iron components were fabricated in Pittsburgh, PA and shipped overland to Erie. Renamed WOLVERINE in 1905, the 163 ft. steam-powered paddle frigate remained active as a Navy patrol and training vessel until 1912. She then served as part of the Pennsylvania Naval Militia until 1923. Known as the “Guardian of the Great Lakes.”
116 West Front Street, Erie, PA 16507
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U.S.S. United States
First vessel completed for new U.S. Navy. Frigate was launched near here May 10, 1797. Flagship of Capt. John Barry; builder was Joshua Humphreys. In 1812, under Capt. Stephen Decatur, Jr., occurred its celebrated capture of H.M.S. Macedonian. Vessel scrapped at Norfolk, 1866.
555 S Columbus Blvd. (S of Independence Seaport Museum, and near Delaware Ave. and Chart House restaurant), Philadelphia
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Underground Railroad
In the 1850s this area, known as Tanner's Alley, was important on the Underground Railroad. Fugitive slaves hid at Joseph Bustill's & William Jones's houses, a block apart. Frederick Douglass & William Lloyd Garrison spoke at Wesley Union AME Zion Church nearby.
In Capitol Park, Walnut St. near Commonwealth Ave., Harrisburg
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Underground Railroad
This old stable was a station on the Underground Railroad. Here fugitive slaves were hidden, fed, and aided in reaching the next station on their journey.
63 University Ave., in front of stables, Lewisburg
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Underground Railroad Activity in Chambersburg
Throughout the pre-Civil War period, there were a number of Underground Railroad "stations" in this area, temporary places of refuge for former slaves escaping through the mountainous terrain to freedom in the North. One local Underground Railroad agent was a free black barber, Henry Watson, who assisted fugitive slaves as they passed through Chambersburg, helping to keep them safe and undetected by the slave-catchers and bounty hunters searching for them.
Main St. & Lincoln Hwy. (Rt. 30), on SW quadrant of the "diamond," Chambersburg
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Union Canal
This canal was operated from 1828-1884. It connected the Schuylkill at Reading with the Susquehanna at Middletown. Remains of tow path can be seen .3 mile southeast of here, along the Tulpehocken Creek.
Upper Van Reed Rd. near Tulpehocken Creek, ~1 mile S of Leinbachs
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Union Canal
The canal, at this point, followed the north bank of the Tulpehocken. A dam, two locks, and a mule bridge made it possible for boats to cross Northkill Creek. Nearby were grist mills, a lime kiln, and a tannery.
PA 183 & N Heidelberg Rd., just SE of Bernville
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Union Canal
In use, 1828-1884. It connected the Schuylkill at Reading with the Susquehanna at Middletown. About a mile east, at tip of Fritts Island, are remains of easternmost lock. It passed boats traveling to and from Philadelphia by way of Schuylkill Navigation.
Morgantown Rd. (PA 10) & Philadelphia Ave. (PA 724), 2 miles S of Reading
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Union Canal
At Union Deposit, five miles south, can be seen remains of this Canal. It connected the Susquehanna at Middletown with the Schuylkill at Reading. Suggested by William Penn, it was surveyed, 1762. Completed, 1828. Abandoned in 1885.
Allentown Blvd./US 22 at Hershey Rd./PA 39 (South side of rd.), 9.3 miles NE of Harrisburg
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Union Canal
At Union Deposit, just to the north, can be seen the remains of the canal. It united the Susquehanna at Middletown with the Schuylkill at Reading. Suggested by William Penn, the canal was surveyed 1762, in use by 1828; abandoned in 1885.
S. Hanover St. just N of Hershey Park Dr. (PA39), S of Union Deposit
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Union Canal
At Union Deposit, five miles south, can be seen remains of this Canal. It connected the Susquehanna at Middletown with the Schuylkill at Reading. Suggested by William Penn, it was surveyed, 1762. Completed, 1828. Abandoned in 1885.
US 22/Allentown Blvd. at PA 39/Hershey Rd. (N side of rd.), 9.3 miles NE of Harrisburg
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Union Canal
This canal was operated from 1828-1884. It connected the Susquehanna at Middletown with the Schuylkill at Reading, following the Swatara and Tulpehocken Creeks. Much coal and iron ore were transported. Course of canal was just west of old mill race.
E Main St. / E Harrisburg Pk. (PA 230) between RR tracks & Swatara Creek, E end of Middletown
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Union Canal
This canal was in use from 1828-1884. About .3 mile south at the Tulpehocken, are remains of one of the locks by which boats descended from the summit level north of Lebanon to the Schuylkill at Reading.
Benj. Franklin Hwy. (US 422) at Ramona Rd., 1 mile W of Myerstown
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Union Canal
After entering the reservoir at the Big Dam in Swatara Gap, water from Swatara Creek came down the branch canal to the Water Works, 3.7 miles southwest of here. At that point it was raised by water wheels and steam pumps and carried by a feeder tube to the summit level near Lebanon. From there the canal descended eastward to Reading and westward to Middletown.
PA 72, 5 miles NW of Lebanon
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Union Canal
Following the Swatara Creek from Pine Grove to main line of the Canal at Water Works was a Feeder Branch. It was in use from 1832-1862. A portion of the Big Dam, a guard lock, and several lift locks remain on the other side of the Swatara.
PA 72 S of PA 443 junction and NW of I-81 underpass, near iron bridge, 4 miles NW of Lickdale
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Union Canal
The Swatara Feeder Branch extended along the creek from Pine Grove to the main line at Water Works. It was navigable from 1832 to 1862. Coal from nearby mines was carried to Reading and Middletown, and to points along the way.
Suedburg Rd. (PA 443) just S of Pine Grove near intersection with 645
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Union Canal Tunnel
Monument to first canal tunnel in America stands not far up this road. Built in 1823 under this ridge, the tunnel may be reached by a short walk down the hill on either side. The Union Canal was opened in 1827, and operated until 1884.
At site on Tunnel Hill Rd. (SR 4001) near W Maple St. / Ebenezer Rd.(PA 72) junction, NW of Lebanon
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Union Cemetery
First burial here as early as 1808. Cemetery chartered in 1856. Here lie three Governors of Pennsylvania and their wives -- Andrew Gregg Curtin (1815-1894), who served 1861-67, and Katharine Wilson Curtin (1821-1903); James Addams Beaver (1837-1914), who served 1887-91, and Mary McAllister Beaver (1842-1926); Daniel Hartman Hastings (1849-1903), who served 1895-99, and Jane Rankin Hastings (1851-1937).
At entrance at E Howard St., near Cowdrick Alley, Bellefonte
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Union Church
Built of logs in 1820 by Philipsburg pioneers to serve as school and place of worship for all faiths. Remodeled in 1842, church is outstanding example of simplified American Gothic architecture.
E Presqueisle St. between N 6th & N 7th Sts., Philipsburg
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Union Church
Oldest public building in Mechanicsburg. Built in 1825 on land given by Martin Rupp. As provided in the charter, it has been used by many religious sects on payment of small fee.
39 E. Main St. (PA 641) at church, Mechanicsburg
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Union County
Formed March 22, 1813 out of Northumberland County. Its name honors the Federal Union. The county seat was first Mifflinburg, and after 1815 it was New Berlin. Lewisburg, county seat since 1855, was incorporated 1822 and is home of Bucknell University.
County Courthouse, St. Louis St. near Apple Tree Alley, Lewisburg
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Union Fire Company (1736-1843)
This first truly volunteer fire company in the US served as a model for others across the nation. Members, including Ben Franklin, purchased tools stored here in Grindstone Alley, helped provide a fire bell, buckets, and an engine for the city, and developed the idea of fire insurance.
Market St., between 2nd & 3rd (Grindstone Alley)
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Union Forge
Site of a charcoal iron forge begun about 1782 by Curtis Grubb, owner of Cornwall Iron Furnace; a major user of Cornwall iron. Such forges transformed brittle pig iron into workable wrought iron. Union Forge included 1,000 acres of land, blacksmith and carpenter shops, a grist mill, and several houses. Under different owners, the forge was in regular operation until 1868. By then, rolling mills were displacing forges as refiners of iron.
SR 1020 just E of Pa. 72, Lickdale
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Union League of Philadelphia
Founded 1862 as a patriotic society supporting President Lincoln's efforts to preserve the Union. Recruited and financed troops during the Civil War. Its membership of prominent citizens later pursued political reform and social, philanthropic, and civic causes.
SW corner, 140 S Broad St., Philadelphia
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Union Local 274, American Federation of Musicians
Chartered 1935 after African-American musicians were denied admission to Local 77. John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie were members. At its 1971 demise, it was last predominantly Black AFM local in U.S. Union office was here.
912 S. Broad St., Philadelphia
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Union Local 471, American Federation of Musicians
Organized in 1908, this local was one of the first African American musicians unions in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh was at the forefront of the jazz world in the mid-20th century, and jazz greats Mary Lou Williams, Art Blakey, Ray Brown, and George Benson, among others, were members. A controversial merger with the white union local in the 1960s ended one of the oldest black union organizations in the US. Headquarters was nearby, 1940-1954.
Crawford St., between Wiley & Webster Aves., Pittsburgh
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Uniontown
Founded by Henry Beeson, who built a blockhouse on site of the county jail in 1774. Uniontown gained importance with the building of the National Road after 1811.
US 119, N of Uniontown
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Uniontown
Founded by Henry Beeson, who built a blockhouse on site of the county jail in 1774. Uniontown gained importance with the building of the National Road after 1811.
US 40 W of Uniontown
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Uniontown
Founded by Henry Beeson, who built a blockhouse on site of the county jail in 1774. Uniontown gained importance with the building of the National Road after 1811.
N Gallatin Ave. & E Penn St. (at courthouse), Uniontown
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Uniontown
Founded by Henry Beeson, who built a blockhouse on site of the county jail in 1774. Uniontown gained importance with the building of the National Road after 1811.
Morgantown St. at Vine St., Uniontown
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Unitarian Church
A fine example of Greek Revival architecture. It was erected in 1835-36 at a cost of $3500, mostly given by Shippen and Huidekoper families. Planned by the builder of Fort Sumter, General George W. Cullum.
Main & Chestnut Sts., Meadville
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United Steelworkers of America
In the Grant Building here on June 17, 1936, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee was founded. Renamed in 1942, the USWA became one of the world's largest unions, embracing over a million workers. Philip Murray was its first president.
Grant St. between 3rd & 4th Aves., Pittsburgh
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Unity House
A vacation and labor education retreat was operated here, 1919-1989-, by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU). Each year it hosted several thousand visitors--including union members, retirees, and public officials --and offered cultural events significant to the labor movement. The only workers' resort of its size in the U.S., it closed due to declining employment in the domestic apparel industry.
Bushkill Falls Road at Unity House entrance, Lehman Twp. (Missing)
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Universal Negro Improvement Association
Founded in 1917 by Marcus Garvey, this movement inspired African-American pride. It encouraged self-reliance, spread news of interest to Blacks, and urged them to establish nationhood in Africa.
1609-11 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Philadelphia
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University of Pittsburgh
First institution of higher education west of the Alleghenies and north of the Ohio River. Founded in 1787 as the Pittsburgh Academy, it became the Western University of Pennsylvania in 1819. Present name was adopted in 1908.
SE corner, 5th Ave. & Bigelow Blvd., Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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US Sanitary Commission Great Central Fair
Held at Logan Square from June 7"“28, 1864, this event raised more than one million dollars for the Union cause during the Civil War. Formed to coordinate efforts of women volunteering to support the war effort, the Commission gave relief and comfort to soldiers and their families. In his only official public appearance in Philadelphia, President Abraham Lincoln addressed the crowd on June 16, praising the important work of the organization.
Logan Sq., 19th & Ben Franklin Pkwy., near Swann Fountain, Philadelphia
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V.F.W.
The Veterans of Foreign Wars organized September 14-17, 1914, at the former Schenley Hotel near here. Veterans who had served in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and China were among its founders.
5th Ave. & Bigelow Blvd., at Wm. Pitt Union by bus stop, Oakland, Pittsburgh
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Valley Forge General Hospital
Opened in 1943, it was among the nation's largest military hospitals by the end of World War II. Able to treat more than 3,000 patients in over 100 buildings, the facility specialized in the pioneering treatment of war-related eye and burn injuries, introducing innovations in eye surgery, plastic surgery, and rehabilitation. The hospital treated casualties of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Conflict before closing in 1974.
near 1401 Charlestown Rd., Phoenixville
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Valley Furnace
First furnace to use only anthracite for fuel, 1836. Built by Dr. F.W. Geissenhainer, who patented the method in 1833. Process in use continuously by the Pottsville or Pioneer Furnace, 1839 and after.
N Valley St. (US 209) near Pine St., E end of New Philadelphia
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Vandergrift
Hailed by historian Ida Tarbell as America''s "most important industrial town," with homes owned by the workers. Founded 1895 by Geo. G. McMurtry, president, Apollo Iron & Steel Co. Named for Capt. Jacob J. Vandergrift, and designed by the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted.
Municipal Bldg. E lawn, Washington Ave. Near Grant Ave., Vandergrift
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Venango County
Formed March 12, 1800 out of Allegheny and Lycoming counties. The name (an Indian term) refers to French Creek. Franklin, county seat, was laid out in 1795. It became a city in 1868, as did Oil City in 1871. At Drake Well the oil industry was born, 1859.
County Courthouse, 12th & Liberty Sts., Franklin
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Venango Path
A major Indian path between the Forks of the Ohio (now Pittsburgh) and the Seneca town of Venango (now Franklin) passed through here. On Dec. 27, 1753, George Washington came this way with frontier scout Christopher Gist as they returned from Fort LeBoeuf on a mission for Virginia''s Gov. Robert Dinwiddie. The Franklin Road, the first wagon road northward from Pittsburgh, was opened over this route in 1796.
Franklin Rd. at Mars Crider Rd. (Rt. 228), Cranberry Twp.
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Venango Path
A major Indian path from the Forks of the Ohio (Pittsburgh) to Venango (Franklin) was located just west of here. George Washington used it in traveling north to Fort Le Boeuf in 1753. Capt. Jonathan Hart widened the path in 1787 on his way to build Fort Franklin. Here at Mayes Forks, the house on the NW corner was a major hotel--and a mail and stagecoach stop--during the early nineteenth century.
Old Rt. 8 (SR 3013) & Georgetown Rd. (SR 3003), just N of Wesley
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Veterans Stadium
A multi-purpose stadium opened here in 1971 and served as home to Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Eagles, 1971-2003. The stadium was the site of three World Series in 1980, 1983, and 1993; two Major League Baseball All-Star games in 1976 and 1996; two National Football Conference Championship games in 1981 and 2003; and 17 Army-Navy football games. "The Vet" had a seating capacity of over 65,000; razed in 2004.
NE corner, S Broad St. & Pattison Ave., Philadelphia
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Victor Herbert (1859-1924)
Irish-born, educated in Europe as a cellist, Herbert conducted the Pittsburgh Orchestra here, 1898-1904. His compositions ranged from classical orchestral works to popular operettas including "Babes in Toyland" and "Naughty Marietta."
4400 Forbes Ave., at Carnegie Mus. near Shakespeare statue, Oakland (Pittsburgh)
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Victor Schertzinger (1888-1941)
Violin prodigy who performed with John Philip Sousa and later became a film director and composer. He pioneered the use of original music for films, and his film "One Night of Love" won best musical score and sound recording Oscars in 1934. He composed the pop standard "Tangerine." Among many films he directed were two of the Hope and Crosby "Road" movies. He was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His childhood home was here.
115 W Centre St. (PA 54), at Wachovia Bank parking lot, Mahanoy City
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Village of La Mott
Originally called Camptown, this village was laid out at the close of the Civil War on the site of former Camp William Penn. The camp was a training station for Negro troops enlisted in the U.S. Army from 1863 to 1865.
W Cheltenham Ave. (PA 309) & School Lane, NW of PA 611, at church, LaMott
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Village of Valley Forge
Village settled by the workers at iron forge begun in 1742. The forge and part of village were burned by the British army in 1777. Washington's quarters during the winter of 1777-78 were in Isaac Potts' house, a part of the original village.
1801 Valley Forge Rd. (PA23), across from Orchard Ln., Schuylkill Twp.
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Village of Valley Forge
Village settled by the workers at iron forge begun in 1742. The forge and part of village were burned by the British army in 1777. Washington's quarters during the winter of 1777-78 were in the Isaac Potts' house, a part of the original village.
Valley Forge Rd. (PA 23) across from Valley Forge Post Office, Schuylkill Twp.
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Vincent Persichetti (1915-1987)
Philadelphia-born, he was one of this city's noted composers. He wrote nine symphonies & many other instrumental & choral works. A 1939 Curtis Institute graduate, he taught at the Philadelphia Conservatory, 1939-62, & Juilliard School, 1947-87.
Curtis Institute of Music, 1724 Locust St., Philadelphia
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Violet Oakley (1874-1961)
Artist famed for her murals in Pennsylvania's State Capitol, reflecting Penn's ideals of justice & peace. Also noted for her work in stained glass; book & magazine illustrations. One of three women artists who moved in 1906 to "Cogslea," she lived & worked here until 1961.
615 St. George's Rd., off McCallum St., Philadelphia
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W. Atlee Burpee (1858-1915)
Founder at age 18 of the seed company bearing his name. At. Fordhook Farm nearby, he developed Golden Bantam Corn, Bush Lima Beans, Iceberg Lettuce, & other plant varieties. He gave this park to the Borough in honor of his wife Blanche.
Burpee Park, S Church St. between E Oakland Ave. (Bus. Rt. 202) & E Ashland St., Doylestown
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W. D. Crooks & Sons Door Plant
During its 85 years, 1886-1971, this unique family-owned firm produced thousands of high-quality wood-veneer doors for the U.S. Capitol, the White House, and other public and private buildings across the nation. Using Pennsylvania hardwoods and many imported varieties of wood, its workers crafted specialty goods during an era of mass production. Founded in South Williamsport, it relocated to this site, 1898; in the 1940's, 125 people worked here.
Hagan Way. just off College Ave., PA College of Tech. campus, outside the Alvin Bush Campus Center, Williamsport
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W.C. Fields (1880-1946)
American comedian, raised in Philadelphia, noted for his irreverent wit. Starting out as a vaudeville juggler, he won enduring fame on screen and radio. He was in over 40 motion pictures, 1915-44. As a lad, he worked for a time at Strawbridge's here.
NW corner, N 8th & Market Sts., Philadelphia
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W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)
African American scholar, educator, and activist. A founder of the NAACP. From 1896-1897, he lived in the College Settlement House at 617 Carver (Rodman) St. while collecting data for his classic study, published in 1899, "The Philadelphia Negro."
NW corner, S 6th & Rodman Sts., Philadelphia
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W.W.H. Davis (1820-1910)
Statesman, historian, author, lawyer, soldier, he wrote 10 books, rose to Civil War general, was acting governor of the Territory of New Mexico, and founded the Bucks Historical Society (1880). He lived here for 51 years.
60 E. Court Street, Doylestown
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Walking Purchase
Measured 1737, according to a supposed Indian deed of 1686, granting lands extending a day-and-a-half walk. Using picked men to force this measure to its limit, Thomas Penn reversed his father's Indian policy losing Indian friendship.
PA 412 (Hellertown Rd.), just E of Moyer Rd., ~1 mi. SW of Springtown
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Walking Purchase
Starting here at sunrise, Sept. 19, 1737, Marshall, Yeates, and Jennings set out on the "Indian Walk." In one and a half days, Edward Marshall reached a point beyond present Mauch Chunk, some 65 miles to the north and west.
Durham Rd. (PA 413) at meetinghouse near Penns Park Rd., Wrightstown
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Walking Purchase
The walkers, Marshall and Yeates, with officials and spectators, reached George Wilson's meadow at noon, Sept. 19. After lunch, they went on via an Indian path and stopped for the night near present Northampton.
PA 412 (Hellertown Rd.) just E of Moyer Rd., ~1 mile SW of Springtown
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Walking Purchase
Measured 1737, according to a supposed Indian deed of 1686, granting lands extending a day-and-a-half walk. Using picked men to push this distance to its limit, Thomas Penn reversed his father's Indian policy, losing Indian friendship.
Durham Rd. (PA 413) near Penn Park Rd., Wrightstown
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Walking Purchase
Measured 1737, according to a supposed Indian deed of 1686, granting lands extending a day-and-a-half walk. Using picked men to force this measure to its limit, Thomas Penn reversed his father's Indian policy losing Indian friendship.
US 611 at Ottsville
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Walking Purchase
Solomon Jennings, one of the three walkers, fell out of the race near here, having covered about 19 miles from Wrightstown. He followed the others to a point near his home on the Lehigh River.
Easton Rd. (PA 611) near Durham and S Park Rds., at N end of Ottsville
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Walking Purchase
Measured 1737, according to a supposed Indian deed of 1686, granting lands extending a day-and-a-half walk. Using picked men to force this measure to its limit, Thomas Penn reversed his father's Indian policy, losing Indian friendship.
PA 903, 2 miles NE of Jim Thorpe
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Walking Purchase
In the early afternoon of Sept. 20, Edward Marshall, with an official timer, ended the "Indian Walk," having covered some 65 miles in 18 hours travel. His stopping place is supposed to have been in this general area.
PA 903 near Maury Rd. (SR 2017), 2 miles NE of Jim Thorpe
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Walking Purchase
On Sept. 20, 1737, the two surviving walkers used an Indian path from present-day Northampton to "Pokopoghcunk" Indian Town (now Parryville), then continued by compass. Late in the morning, Yeates became exhausted, leaving Marshall to go on alone.
Interchange Rd. (US 209) near Rock St. and Main Rd., 1.5 miles E of Weissport
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Walking Purchase
The fleet-footed Edward Marshall and associates in the day and a half walk on Sept.19-20,1737, crossed Hokendauqua Creek below this point. They spent the first night in the woods near Hockendauqua Indian Town.
Nor Both Blvd. (PA 329) on eastern side of Hokendauqua Creek bridge, near Horner Rd., just E of Northampton
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Walking Purchase
Measured 1737, according to a supposed Indian deed of 1686, granting lands extending a day-and-a-half walk. Using picked men to force this measure to its limit, Thomas Penn reversed his father's Indian policy, losing Indian friendship.
Junction of Indian Trail Rd. (SR 3016) and Kohls Rd., at Hokendauqua Creek, .25 mile NW of Kreidersville
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Wall House (The Ivy)
Original section, dated from 1682, was built by Richard Wall on land granted by William Penn. An early meeting place of the Society of Friends, 1683-1702. Additions were built about 1725 and 1805. Sarah Wall married George Shoemaker, 1694, and their descendants lived here to 1847. Purchased from the Bosler family, 1932, by Cheltenham Township.
S end of Wall Park Dr., just off Church Rd. (SR2023), Elkins Park
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Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
A major 20th century American poet, Stevens was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his "Collected Poems" in 1955. Works such as "Bantams in Pinewoods," "Harmonium," and "The Auroras of Autumn" combined poetic language with serious philosophical ideas. His birthplace was here.
323 N 5th St., Reading
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Wallenpaupack
This region was the site of one of the earliest settlements in this area. Early Connecticut claimants built a fort here in 1773 and had a virtually independent government until 1796. The old Indian trail from Cochecton to Wyoming passed nearby.
PA 507 at Paupack (Missing)
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Walnut Lane Bridge
When completed in 1908, it was significant for its early use of concrete in bridge construction and as the world's largest concrete arch bridge. Reformers of the era praised its utility and design. Connecting Germantown and Roxborough, it reduced the travel time between the two neighborhoods from a half-day to minutes, and promoted business and social interaction. This engineering marvel remains a vital transportation artery for Philadelphia.
Walnut Ln., SW side of bridge over Wissahickon Creek (Roxborough side), Philadelphia
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Walnut Lane Bridge
When completed in 1908, it was significant for its early use of concrete in bridge construction and as the world's largest concrete arch bridge. Reformers of the era praised its utility and design. Connecting Germantown and Roxborough, it reduced the travel time between the two neighborhoods from a half-day to minutes, and promoted business and social interaction. This engineering marvel remains a vital transportation artery for Philadelphia.
Walnut Ln., NE side of bridge over Wissahickon Creek (Germantown side), Philadelphia
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Walnut Street Bridge
Oldest surviving bridge over the Susquehanna. Opened by the People's Bridge Co. in 1890. "Old Shakey," one of the last remaining multi-span Phoenix truss bridges, was a toll bridge until 1957. Flood damage, 1972, closed it to automobiles. Three of its 15 spans were destroyed, 1996.
City Island at West end of bridge, Harrisburg
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Walnut Street Prison
One of the nation's first urban penal institutions, it confined felons, prisoners of war, Tories, and debtors from 1775 to 1838. Extending from Walnut St. to Locust St., it was the site of numerous riots. The prison was replaced by Eastern State Penitentiary.
SE corner, S 6th St. near Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Walnut Street Theatre
Founded 1809. The oldest theater in America and the oldest playhouse in continuous use in the English-speaking world. A National Historic Landmark. Many of the greatest actors of America and Europe have appeared on stage here.
S 9th & Walnut Sts., Philadelphia
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Walter B. Tewksbury (1876-1968)
Winner of five medals in track & field, 1900 Olympic Games in Paris (two gold, two silver, one bronze). Co-holder, world record, 100 - meter dash, 1900. Member, National Track & Field Hall of Fame and Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame. At the University of Pennsylvania, intercollegiate champion, 100 & 220- yard dashes, 1898 & 1899; graduated, D.D.S., 1899. Practiced dentistry, coached track & field, and was active in the Tunkhannock community.
Memorial Field, Tunkhannock Area H. S., Maple Ave. & Pennsylvania Ave., 200 yards from Route 6, Tunkhannock
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Walter Golaski (1913-1996)
A Polish-American engineer and inventor. In the 1960s Drexel graduate Golaski perfected the Dense Knit Dacron Vascular Prosthesis, the first practical artificial blood vessel replacement, a life-saving medical advance. He began his career designing innovative machinery for the knitting industry, for which he received numerous patents. He encouraged scholarly and cultural exchange between Poland and the US. His workshop was here for many years.
On Drexel campus on Lancaster Walk, near Lancaster Ave. and 34th St. interesection, Philadelphia
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Wapwallopen
Name of the former Indian town near the mouth of the Wapwallopen Creek. Indian trails connecting old Wyoming, the "Warrior's Path," and the Juniata and West Branch Susquehanna valleys intersected here.
PA 239 & W County Rd., just S of Wapwallopen
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Warner Brothers' First Theater
An early milestone for the Warners' film empire was the operation by Harry, Sam, & Albert Warner of a theater here, 1906-07. It seated 99 persons, who could view three movies for a nickel. Sixteen years later, Warner Bros. Pictures was established.
11-15 South Mill St., New Castle
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Warren County
Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny and Lycoming counties. Named for Gen. Joseph Warren, killed at Bunker Hill. Warren, the county seat, was laid out in 1795. Long known for its oil and timber operations, and site of the Cornplanter Indian Grant.
County Courthouse, 4th Ave. at Market St., Warren
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Warrington Meeting House
Site of Friends'' meeting house since 1745. Present building erected 1769, enlarged 1782. Preserved in its early state, and used for regular meetings.
York St. / Carlisle Rd. (PA 74) at Quaker Meeting Rd., E of Wellsville
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Warrior Run Church
Named for Indian occupation of the region. Presbyterian landmark. A log church was here in 1789. The present building erected in 1835. Restored in 1947 by Warrior Run Chapter D.A.R., aided by descendants and friends.
Eighth St. (T-705) just W of Susquehanna Trail (SR 1007), at site N of McEwensville
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Warriors Path
A great Indian highway from Six Nations country, New York, to the Catawba country in the Carolinas. It made its way through the Allegheny Mountains by following the Susquehanna and Juniata valleys.
GAR Hwy. (US 6), 1.3 miles N of Wyalusing
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Warriors Path
Paths from all parts of the Six Nations country converged at Great Island. Thence the Warriors Path ran up this valley to Bald Eagle''s Nest, now Milesburg; then on south toward the Carolinas.
N Eagle Valley Rd. (PA 150) near Walnut St./Howard Divide Rd. (PA 26) at overlook, across Foster Joseph Sayers Lake from Howard
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Warriors Path
This Indian path intersects here. It led from the Great Island (Lock Haven) past the Indian town of Muncy, and then it followed the gap between these mountains to join the Great Warriors Path at Shickshinny. This path was used by Count Zinzendorf in 1742 after leaving Otstonwakin (Montoursville). There he had met with Madame Montour to secure her help in introducing the gospel to tribes under her influence.
Koonsville/Sunshine Highway (SR 4010) near Mountain Rd., just W of Koonsville
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Warwick Furnace
Built 1737 by Anna Nutt and Co. Made first Franklin stoves, 1742. Supplied shot and cannon for American revolutionists. Furnace a mile and a half away on side road; iron mines a mile west on the highway.
Ridge Rd. (PA 23) at Warwick Furnace Rd., between Warwick & Knauertown
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Washington
Laid out in 1781 by John and William Hoge. Site of Indian Catfish Camp. Boro charter, 1810; city, 1923. National Road center and rich in historic buildings and associations. Named for George Washington.
Murtland Ave. (US 19) at North Ave., NE edge of Washington
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Washington
Laid out in 1781 by John and William Hoge. Site of Indian Catfish Camp. Boro charter, 1810; city, 1923. National Road center and rich in historic buildings and associations. Named for George Washington.
US 40E on exit ramp from I-70
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Washington
Laid out in 1781 by John and William Hoge. Site of Indian Catfish Camp. Boro charter, 1810; city, 1923. National road center and rich in historic buildings and associations. Named for George Washington.
E. Beau St. (PA 136) @ Clare Dr., near Junction of I-70/I-79
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Washington and Jefferson College
Chartered history starts with the founding of Washington Academy in 1787. A section of the Administration Building erected, 1793. Washington College (1806) and Jefferson College (1802) were united in 1865.
At college, across from 27 S College St. at E Cherry Ave., Washington
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Washington and Jefferson College
Chartered history begins with the founding of Washington Academy in 1787. Section of the Administration Building erected, 1793. Washington College (1806) and Jefferson College (1802) were united in 1865.
N side of E Beau St. (Rt. 136), between College & Lincoln, Washington
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Washington Avenue Immigration Station
Since the 1870s, the station was an entry point and processing center for immigrants, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe. From here, newcomers moved into the city or other parts of the state. It was demolished in 1915.
S Columbus Blvd. at Washington Ave., adjacent to US Coast Guard Station, Philadelphia
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Washington Boro Archaeological Sites
This area contains one of the highest concentrations of archaeological sites in Pennsylvania. The sites range from small camps to large villages and cover 11,000 years of Native American culture. The largest villages were built by the Susquehannocks who controlled the fur trade in the region until 1675 when they were overcome by warfare and disease. Archaeology here has shaped our understanding of Native American lifeways.
Intersection of Rts. 999 & 441, at community park, Washington Boro
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Washington County
Formed March 28, 1781 out of Westmoreland County and named for Gen. George Washington. A scene of activity in the Whiskey Rebellion, 1791-94. The county seat, Washington, was made a borough in 1810; a city in 1924. On the National Road, eventually U.S. 40.
County courthouse, Main St. & Cherry Way, Washington
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Washington Crossing
Here Washington and his men braved ice and sleet Christmas night, 1776, to cross the Delaware and to surprise and defeat the Hessians at Trenton. The victory gave new life to the patriot cause.
River Rd. (PA 32) at Washington Crossing Pk, about 1/2 mile N of visitor's ctr. on W side of rd.
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Washington House
Built in 1747 on this site. Was known as "Pennsylvania Arms" until after Washington stopped here following the Battle of Brandywine in 1777. Noted stopping place on the old Post Road. Building stood here until 1952.
Ave. of the States between 4th & 5th Sts., Chester
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Washington Mill
Opposite is the site of a grist mill built about 1774 by George Washington. It was sold by him in 1795 to Col. Israel Shreve. The mill ruins still remain.
Layton Rd. (SR 4038), E end of Perryopolis (Missing)
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Wayne County
Formed on March 21, 1798, from Northampton County. Named for Gen. Anthony Wayne. Site of test run of Stourbridge Lion, first locomotive in U.S. to run on a commercial track. Honesdale, county seat, incorporated 1831, was western terminus of D & H Canal.
County Courthouse, 925 Court St., Honesdale
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Wayne Natatorium
Among the largest open-air in-ground swimming pools in the US when it opened here in 1895, it measured 500 feet by 100 feet. The spring-fed pool hosted National Swimming Association championships in the late 19th century. Although female swimmers were unable to participate in competitive events, the Wayne Natatorium was open to women. The pool closed in 1903 as a result of droughts and the shift in popularity to other forms of recreation.
Willow Ave & Radnor Street Rd. at Cowan Park, Wayne
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Waynesburg College
Founded in 1849 by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Chartered by the State in 1850. One of the first two colleges in Pennsylvania to grant degrees to women, in 1857.
N Morris St. (US 19) at W College St., Monument Park in Waynesburg
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Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church
Founded in 1820 and vital in the formation of the A.M.E. Zion denomination, "Big Wesley" hosted anti-slavery meetings at its first location. At this site since 1885, the church has been a leader in civil rights, equal employment, and social justice causes.
1500 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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West Newton
Led by Gen. Rufus Putnam, the first settlers to establish American government in the Northwest Territory, built boats here to continue their journey from New England and to found Marietta, Ohio. They embarked on their river trip April 2, 1788.
W Main St. (PA 136) at Youghiogheny River bridge, West Newton
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Western Reserve Harbor
Northern terminus, Beaver Division of Pennsylvania Canal system, completed to this point, 1834. Important shipping point before completing "Cross-Cut Canal" to Ohio, 1838, and Erie Extension to Greenville, 1840.
US 422 at exit ramp to Harbor Edinburg Rd. (SR 4004), just NW of New Castle
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Westinghouse Atom Smasher
The world's 1st industrial Van de Graaff generator was created by Westinghouse Research Labs in 1937 as an early experiment with atomic energy. The 5-story pear-shaped structure is located here. The company remained active in establishing US leadership in nuclear power.
F Avenue & West, Forest Hills Boro.
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Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Pioneer in development of alternating current, permitting transmission of electricity over long distances. Founded 1886 by George Westinghouse, it first made AC motors, generators, transformers in a plant at Garrison Place and Penn Avenue.
6 Gateway Ctr., Westinghouse Plaza between Pbgh. Post-Gazette and 1st Niagara Bldg., Pittsburgh NOTE: Take walkway over Blvd of Allies from Gateway Ctr towards the United Steelworkers Bldg, marker is on right at top of steps facing 1st Niagara Bldg.
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Westinghouse Gas Wells
In 1884, George Westinghouse drilled a natural gas well here on his estate, Solitude, now Westinghouse Park. When gas was struck, an uncontrolled geyser erupted for a week. Within two years, Westinghouse obtained over 30 patents for the distribution and safe use of natural gas for industrial and residential customers. His ingenuity and business acumen were instrumental in the development of natural gas as a significant new energy source.
Westinghouse Park, Thomas Blvd & N Murtland St., Pittsburgh
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Westinghouse Railroad Air Brake
Invented by George Westinghouse in 1869, the air brake revolutionized railroad transportation. It made possible longer, heavier, and faster trains while improving safety. Modified versions are still in use today. Westinghouse Air Brake Co. was located in this building.
25th & Liberty Sts., Pittsburgh (at Opera House)
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Westminster College
Founded by the Associate, now United Presbyterian, Church. Chartered 1852. One of first two colleges in Pennsylvania to grant degrees to women, and the first to grant them the A. B. degree, in 1857.
NE corner of PA 208 (Market St.) & PA 158 (Neshannock St.), New Wilmington
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Westmoreland County
Formed on Feb 26, 1773 from Bedford County, it once comprised most of southwest Pennsylvania. First seat of English justice west of Alleghenies. Site of 1775 "Hanna's Town Resolves." Greensburg, county seat, was incorporated 1799.
NE corner, Courthouse Square, Main & Otterman Sts., Greensburg
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Wharton Esherick (1887-1970)
An internationally significant artist who worked primarily in wood, Esherick was a leader of the Studio Craft Movement. He is best known for his organic sculptural furniture and his ability to transform utilitarian objects into art. From 1926 until his death, he lived and worked nearby in his handcrafted studio, which he called his autobiography. His work continues to inspire contemporary artists and designers today.
Horseshoe Trial & Country Club Rd., Phoenixville
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Wheatland
The home of James Buchanan, statesman, diplomat and the fifteenth President of the United States (1857-61), is located on Marietta Avenue, seven blocks south. Buchanan maintained Wheatland as his home from 1848 until he died there on June 1, 1868.
N. President Ave. near Harrisburg Pike, Lancaster
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Wheatland
Home of President James Buchanan from 1849 until his death is a few blocks away. Statesman and diplomat, as Member of Congress, U.S. Senator, Secretary of State and Minister to England. Elected President in 1856.
PA 462 (Columbia Ave.) near President Ave. just W of Lancaster
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Whiskey Point
The bluff at Main St. and Park Ave. was the site on Aug. 14, 1794, of a meeting of 226 whiskey rebels. Albert Gallatin''s eloquence turned the tide, resulting in peaceful ending of the Whiskey Rebellion and the possibility of civil strife.
Main St. (PA 136/88/837) at intersection w/ First St./Park Ave., Monongahela
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Whitaker Mill Cedar Grove
In 1813 Henry Whitaker built a waterwheel textile mill and town here. William Whitaker & Sons, Inc. continued operations for 157 years in original buildings. Canvas & wool blankets were produced for the Civil War. First mill in the U.S. to produce bed ticking. Chenille manufacturing processes were patented. Owners ceased production in 1970. The mill was destroyed by arson & demolished in 1975. Several original buildings remain nearby.
5100 block of Tabor Rd. betw. E Olney Ave. & Garland St., Phila.
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White Cottage
Home of Grace Greenwood (Sara J. Clarke Lippincott, 1823-1904), pioneer woman correspondent, poetess and authoress. While living here during the mid-19th Century, she wrote many of her popular juvenile stories.
1221 3rd Ave., New Brighton
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White Haven
Named for Josiah White (1781-1850) whose Lehigh Navigation system was vital to coal and lumber transport. This was the northern limit, 1837-1862, of the two-way navigation from Easton. Here it met White''s 20-mile railroad to Wilkes-Barre with its inclined "Ashley Planes."
Berwick St. (PA 940) & Main St., at bank, W of bridge, White Haven
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Whitefield House
Begun in 1740 at request of Methodist missionary, Reverend George Whitefield, as a school for Negroes. Completed by the Moravians in 1743. Served as a communal church-home for 32 newly married German couples brought over in 1744.
At site, S. New St., off E. Center St. (PA 191), Nazareth
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Whitefield House - PLAQUE
Whitfield House, planned by George Whitfield in 1740 when he obtained 5,000 acres of land for a Negro school and begun by Peter Boehler and several Brethern. Purchased by the Moravians 1741. Completed for a family house 1743. Converted into a boarding school for girls 1745 and into a nursery for children of missionaries three years later. Used as a home for retired mission workers since 1764, except for the year 1855-1858, when it was occupied by the Theological Seminary, seat of the Moravian Historical Society and Museum since 1871.
E Center St., opposite N Pine St., on west end of bldg., Nazareth
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Whitemarsh
Here in the Emlen House Washington had his headquarters from Nov. 2 to Dec. 11, 1777, just before moving to Valley Forge. The last battle of this year was a British attack repulsed here Dec. 5-6.
Pennsylvania Ave. (SR2027) near Camp Hill Rd. (SR2028) E of PA 309, just S of Fort Washington
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Whittier C. Atkinson (1893-1991)
Founded Clement Atkinson Memorial Hospital here, 1936, offering quality health care to all despite inability to pay. First African American president of Chester County Medical Society; Pa. Practitioner of the year, 1960. A 1924 graduate of Howard University, he began his Coatesville practice in 1927.
824 E Chestnut St., Coatesville
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Widow Catherine Smith
Built a stone house on this site in 1774, operating saw and grist mills that stood near the intersection of the present highway. During 1776, she completed the boring mill where a great many gun barrels for the Continental Army were manufactured.
Off SR 1011 (old Rte. 15) at Park Rd., White Deer Creek Park, White Deer
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Wildwood Park
Inspired by 'City Beautiful' advocates Horace McFarland and Mira Lloyd Dock, Wildwood Park opened its first trails in 1907. The largest of several Harrisburg parks designed in 1901 by leading horticulturist Warren Manning, it was part of a nationwide movement to enhance recreation, nature preservation, and flood control in urban areas. Formerly Wetzel's Swamp, this Dauphin County park provides both educational and recreational opportunities.
intersection of Industrial Rd. & Wildwood Way, Harrisburg
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Wilkes-Barre
Laid out 1770 by a group of Connecticut settlers, on land claimed by that state. Seat of "County of Westmoreland," erected 1776. Near here took place the Wyoming Massacre, 1778, and the "Pennamite Wars" of 1769-72 and 1784.
Wilkes-Barre Twp. Blvd. (Rt. 309) at Casey Ave., Wilkes-Barre
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Wilkes-Barre
Laid out 1770 by a group of Connecticut settlers, on land claimed by that state. Seat of "County of Westmoreland," erected 1776. Near here took place the Wyoming Massacre, 1778, and the "Pennamite Wars" of 1769-72 and 1784.
Market St. at Kirby Park, Wilkes-Barre
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Wilkes-Barre
Laid out 1770 by a group of Connecticut settlers, on land claimed by that state. Seat of "County of Westmoreland," erected 1776. Near here took place the Wyoming Massacre, 1778, and the "Pennamite Wars" of 1769-72 and 1784.
Kidder St. (Rt. 315) off Rt. 115/309, at Fairfield Inn, near Wyoming Valley Mall, Wilkes-Barre
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Wilkes-Barre Fort
Completed 1778, enclosing the courthouse of the Connecticut county of Westmoreland. Surrendered with Forty Fort to the British in 1778.
W corner of public sq., Main & Market Sts., Wilkes-Barre
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William "Billy" Strayhorn (1915-1967)
Jazz composer and arranger. Collaborator with Duke Ellington. Billy Strayhorn's "Take the A Train" became the Ellington orchestra's theme song. A graduate of Westinghouse High School, Strayhorn had his musical talents nurtured here.
1101 N. Murtland St., at Westinghouse High School, Homewood (Pittsburgh)
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William A. Smith
Known as "Uncle Billy" Smith. In 1859, he drilled the world''s first successful oil well with tools that he made in his blacksmith shop near Tarentum. The well, 69 1/2 ft. deep, was drilled near Titusville for Col. Edwin Drake. "Uncle Billy" died in 1890. He lies buried about 120 ft. southeast of here.
N Pike Rd. (PA 356) near Cooper Rd. (T677), NE of Saxonburg
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William A. Stone
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1899-1903; Congressman in 1891-99, was born two and one-half miles SW of here Apr. 18, 1846. Graduate of Mansfield Normal. Began law practice in Wellsboro. 1870. Moved to Pittsburgh, 1877. Died Mar. 1, 1920.
Courthouse Square, Main St. (PA 660) near Central Ave. (PA 287), Wellsboro
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William A. Stone
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1899-1903; Congressman in 1891-99, was born two and one-half miles SE of here Apr. 18, 1846. Graduate of Mansfield Normal. Began law practice in Wellsboro, 1870. Moved to Pittsburgh, 1877. Died Mar, 1, 1920.
Pine Creek Rd. (PA 362) near Lewis Rd., ~4 miles SW of Wellsboro
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William Allen (1704-1780)
One of colonial America's wealthiest men, Allen supported construction of the state house, now Independence Hall. He helped establish Pennsylvania Hospital and the Academy and College of Philadelphia, which became the University of Pa. He founded the City of Allentown and was Chief Justice of the Pa. Supreme Court. Initially supporting colonial interests, he became a Loyalist until he died here at his estate, Mt. Airy, for which the community is named.
7300 Germantown Ave., near Allen's Ln., at Lutheran Seminary
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William B. T. Trego (1858-1909)
Widely recognized as an accomplished historical painter, Trego overcame the disability of paralysis in both hands. Notable works include "March to Valley Forge" (1883) and "Rescue of the Colors" (1899). He lived here with his father and mentor, artist Jonathan K. Trego.
509 E Montgomery Ave., North Wales
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William B. Wilson
First secretary of labor in 1913-21, Congressman, and labor leader, spent the greater part of his life here. He was born in Scotland, 1862, worked in the Arnot mines, rising to prominence as a labor statesman. His home is opposite. Died in 1934.
317 S Williamson Rd., at Am. Legion, Blossburg
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William Bigler (1814-1880)
State Senator, 1841-1847; Governor of Pennsylvania, 1852-1855; and U.S. Senator, 1856-1861. Opposed slavery; favored a Southern compromise to avoid the Civil War. His brother, John, was elected Governor of California, 1852. Resided here.
11 North Second St., Clearfield
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William Bigler (1814-1880)
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1852-55; birthplace, about one mile west of here. In office he opposed the chartering of wildcat banks and passage of "omnibus bills." U.S. Senator, 1856-1861. A brother, John, also born here, was Governor of California, 1852-56.
Landisburg Rd. (PA 850), near junction PA 34, across from Dromgold Dr.
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William C. Goodridge
Here lived an ex-slave, born 1805, who became a prominent York businessman, 1824-1863. Tanner, newspaper distributor, barber. Erected York's first five-story building. His 13 rail cars operated commercially and were used in his work for the Underground Railroad.
123 E. Philadelphia St. (PA 74/462), York
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William C. Sproul
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1919-23, was born .4 mile SW, in 1870. The house is marked. His term is noted for road building, the Edmonds Act improving the public school system, and the creation of the Department of Welfare. He died near Chester in 1928.
Georgetown Rd. / Newark Rd. (PA 896) at Octoraro Creek, just W. of county line, Lancaster
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William Camp Gildersleeve (1795-1871)
Prominent merchant and ardent abolitionist significant to the Underground Railroad in Wilkes-Barre. He provided refuge to fugitive slaves at his home and business near here. In 1853, Gildersleeve testified in a U.S. Supreme Court case, Maxwell vs. Righter, in which a fugitive, William Thomas, was shot and wounded by deputy U.S. marshals. The case and his testimony received national attention, especially in African American newspapers.
20 E Ross St., Wilkes-Barre
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William Chester Ruth (1882-1971)
African American inventor who opened a blacksmith and machine shop here in 1923. He did metal work and repairs, primarily for Pennsylvania German farmers. Ruth designed and patented many agricultural devices, most notably his 1928 baler feeder. He also applied his talents to designing and building military devices. An esteemed community member, he was spiritual leader at the Church of Christ in Ercildoun, where he lived.
At Dollar General, 5369 Lincoln Hwy. (Rt. 30) East, north side just E of 41, Gap
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William D. Boyce (1858-1929)
Inspired by the good turn of an English Scout, he brought the Scouting movement to the United States. His efforts led to the incorporation of Boy Scouts of America in Washington, D.C., on February 8, 1910, and to its chartering by Congress on June 15, 1916. Boyce was born in Allegheny County about twelve miles northeast of here. The campus was named in his honor.
595 Beatty Rd., Boyce Campus of County community college, N end of Monroeville
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William Darlington
Physician, Congressman, began a service of 33 years as president of Bank of Chester County in this building, 1830. Especially noted for his many contributions to the science and study of botany in the early 1800's. He died in 1863.
13 N. High St. between Market & Gay Sts., West Chester
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William F. Packer
The newspaper editor and publisher, and Governor of the Commonwealth, 1858-61, was born April 2, 1807, in a house which stood nearby. He died, 1870, in Williamsport and is chiefly remembered for his interest in improved transportation facilities.
N Eagle Valley Rd. (PA 150) at Walnut St./Howard Divide Rd. (PA 26), Howard
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William Findlay
Governor of Pennsylvania, 1817-20; born on this site June 20, 1768. First candidate for governor nominated by convention. Advocate of State internal improvements; U.S. Senator; 1821-27. Died, Nov. 12, 1846, at Harrisburg.
Buchanan Trial (Rt. 16/416) at N Park Ave., Mercersburg
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William Findley
Near the western end of Latrobe was the log house of this antifederalist Congressman, who lived modestly alongside his constituents. A shaper of public opinion in western Pennsylvania, he sympathized with the Whiskey Rebellion but, as tempers mounted in late 1794, he worked to defuse violence. Findley's book on the Rebellion, written in 1796, rebutted Treasury Secretary Hamilton's analysis of its origins.
Dept St., (Rt. 981) at Main St., Latrobe
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William G. McGowan (1927-1992)
Founder of MCI Communications. MCI challenged AT&T's monopoly of the telephone industry and went on to become one of the nation's leaders in that field. McGowan was also a major financial contributor to many medical institutions and fields of research. He was a native of Ashley.
Public Sq., Market & Main Sts., Wilkes-Barre
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William H. Sylvis
American labor pioneer. Born in Indiana County, 1828. Founder, National Union of Iron Molders, 1859. President, National Labor Union, 1868-1869. Sylvis strove for unity among working men and women regardless of race or nationality. He died, "labor's champion," 1869.
At dead end of Locust St. & Pratt Dr., Indiana University, across from Wallwork Hall (limited driving access)
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William Henry
First man in America to apply steam to navigation. His stern-wheel steamboat ran on the Conestoga prior to 1765. Site of house that he occupied, 1760-1786, is about 60 yards northwest from here.
NW section of Square, Lancaster (Missing)
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William Holmes McGuffey
Educator and author of the famed McGuffey Eclectic Readers for grade schools, was born five miles SW of here, Sept. 23, 1800. First published in 1836, the Readers sold 122 million copies during the next 85 years and were used in some 35 states. Their stories, essays, and poems taught moral lessons as well as reading skills.
US 40 at McGuffey High School/Middle School, just W of PA 221, E of Claysville
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William Howard Day
Abolitionist, minister, orator, editor, educator. Born in New York City; traveled in the U.S., Canada, and Britain on behalf of antislavery and free Blacks. General Secretary, A.M.E. Zion Church. Lived after 1870 in Harrisburg, where he edited the newspaper Our National Progress. The first African American elected to the Harrisburg School Board, in 1878; its president, 1891-93. Burial in Lincoln Cemetery.
Lincoln & Carlisle Sts., Steelton
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William Lewis (1751-1819)
Philadelphia judge, lawyer, and abolitionist, Lewis played an important role in the drafting and passage of the 1780 "Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery." It was the first abolition legislation in America. Lewis maintained an anti-slavery stance throughout his life as a counselor for the Pa. Abolition Society, defending the rights of slaves freed under this Act. Historic Strawberry Mansion, built in 1789, was Lewis's summer home.
Historic Strawberry Mansion, 2450 Strawberry Mansion Dr., Philadelphia
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William Lightfoot Price (1861-1916)
Prominent architect who produced innovative residential commissions in the Rose Valley community he helped found here in 1901. Thunderbird Lodge, Schönhouse, and the cottages of Porter and Prices lanes were inspired by the English Arts & Crafts movement. He simultaneously pioneered reinforced concrete hotels and railroad stations from Atlantic City to Chicago that influenced American architecture. Price lived here.
At Thunderbird Lodge, constructed by Price
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William Maclay
In the stone house opposite lived William Maclay, who as a member of the first U.S. Senate wrote a famous journal of its debates. A critic of Washington and Hamilton. Pioneer leader of Jeffersonian Democracy.
Riverfront Park, Front & South Sts., Harrisburg
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William Maclay
Lived in the house opposite, 1773-86, and then moved to Harrisburg. Member of first U.S. Senate; wrote a famous Journal of its debates. A critic of Washington and Hamilton; pioneer leader of Jeffersonian democracy. He helped survey Sunbury, 1772.
Front St. (PA 147) betw. Arch St. and Pennsylvania Ave., Sunbury
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William Penn (1644-1718) - "Essex House" - PLAQUE
First lodged in America in the "Essex House" on this site October 28, 1682 The guest of Robert Wade. Here the earliest Quaker settler on this side Delaware River, 1676. Purchaser of the property, then called "Printzdorp," from the...
102 Penn St. at E end of park, on brick wall, Chester
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William Penn - First Assembly - PLAQUE
...sat with the first Assembly of Pennsylvania which passed the great fundamental laws in the House of Defense or Court House on this site December 4-7, 1682.
207 Edgmont Ave, Chester - inside wall of old courthouse (Missing)
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William Penn - First Visit to America - PLAQUE
William Penn, on his first visit to America 1682-1684, came farthest north on Schuylkill River fifty miles up from the falls of Schuylkill to or near the mouth of Monocacy Creek three fourths of a mile south-west of this marker.
US 422, .8 mile SE of Baumstown (264 E Ben Franklin Hwy., Birdsboro)
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William Penn - Slate Roof House - PLAQUE
William Penn with his family lived on this site in the slate roof house on his second visit to Pennsylvania 1699-1701 as tenant of Samuel Carpenter. Here in 1699 was born John Penn, called "The American" because he was the only child born to the Founder in the New World.
135 S. 2nd St.(SE corner 2nd & Sansom), Philadelphia
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William Penn Charter School
Founded by Philadelphia Quakers in 1689 and first chartered by Penn in 1701, it was Pennsylvania's first public school and is the oldest continuously operating Friends school in the world. Pioneering educational initiatives were based on public charity and inclusion: free tuition to the poor, education for both genders, and acceptance of all races. Quaker roots and Penn's vision have been maintained. It moved to the present site in 1925.
left side of main entrance, 3000 W Schoolhouse Ln., Philadelphia
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William Penn's First Walking Purchase
This site, Towissinck or Jerricho Creek, was the northern boundary of Penn's 1st purchase of Native American land on July 15, 1682. The land purchase was measured by the distance a man could walk in a day and a half, starting from the mouth of the Neshaminy Creek. It is believed Penn walked the distance himself, covering what is now Bristol, Falls, Middletown, Newtown, Lower and part of Upper Makefield Twps.
River Rd. (Rt. 32) at Taylorsville Rd. by Jericho Creek, Washington Crossing
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William Still (1821-1902)
While living here, he was an Underground Railroad agent who helped slaves escape and kept records so relatives could find them later. A wealthy coal merchant, Still also helped found the first Black YMCA.
244 S 12th St., Philadelphia
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William Strong
Eminent jurist; Member State Supreme Court, 1857-1868; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of U.S., 1870-80; Member Electoral Commission, 1877. His law office and home stood on this site. Died, 1895.
30 N. 5th St in front of Christ Episcopal Church.NW corner, 5th & Court Sts., Reading
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William T. Kerr (1868-1953)
Known as "The Father of Flag Day," he founded the American Flag Day Association and served as its president for Fifty years. President Truman signed the Act of Congress that officially designated June 14 as Flag Day, with Kerr at his side, on August 3, 1949. Kerr lived here in Rennersdale, 1911-1928.
4 Columbia Ave. at Noblestown Rd. (SR 3048), at bus stop, Rennersdale
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William W. Scranton (1917-2013)
Governor of Pennsylvania (1963-67). His term emphasized industrial revitalization, highway construction, welfare and educational reforms, and natural resource conservation. A Scranton native, he was a WWII pilot, UN ambassador, US Congressman, and advisor to five US presidents.
232 Monroe Ave., Scranton
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William Whipper (1804?-1876)
A founder, American Moral Reform Society, he edited its journal, 1838-39. Active in the Underground Railroad, he aided hundreds of slaves passing through Columbia, Pa., 1847-60. Conducted lumber business in Columbia and this city. Later lived here.
919 Lombard St., Philadelphia
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Williams Grove
With its excellent railroad connection, this became the site of the Great Grangers' Interstate Picnic Exhibition, founded 1874 by Robert H. Thomas of the Pennsylvania State Grange. A week's attendance at this annual event was estimated at 100,000 or more by the 1890's. The John Williams House, built about 1799, is nearby.
Williams Grove Rd. (SR 2011), .5 mile S of Wms. Grove Park
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Williamson Road
Built in 1792-96 by land agent Charles Williamson to open the Genesee lands in N.Y. From Trout Run, it cut through the wilderness to Lawrenceville by the same general route as the present highway.
Lycoming Creek Rd. (US 15) between Deckman Hollow Rd. & W Cottage Ave., ~3 miles N of Williamsport
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Williamson Road
At Liberty was located a storage depot known as the Block House. It was built of logs, about 20x40 feet in size. Supplies were kept there and bread baked for the road builders, 1792-96.
Shaffer Hill Rd. at Blockhouse Rd. (SR 2005), Liberty
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Williamson Road
Here the road builders late in 1792 ended work. After facing starvation, they were rescued by canoes and supplies from Painted Post. Canoe Camp derived its name from the incident.
S Main St. & Spencer Rd., at VFW, S of Mansfield at Canoe Camp Creek
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Williamsport
Laid out 1795 by Michael Ross. Incorporated as a borough 1806; as a city 1866. At one time a leading lumber center of the nation. Trade and travel center for over a century.
Washington Blvd. between River Ave & Catherine St. (in front of M&T Bank), Williamsport
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Williamsport
Laid out 1795 by Michael Ross. Incorporated as a borough 1806; as a city 1866. At one time a leading lumber center of the nation. Trade and travel center for over a century.
Montgomery Pike (US 15) near Fairmont Ave. and Little League Mus., S Williamsport
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Williamsport
Laid out 1795 by Michael Ross. Incorporated as a borough 1806; as a city 1866. At one time a leading lumber center of the nation. Trade and travel center for over a century.
US 220 at Reach Rd. interchange, W of Williamsport (Missing)
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Willie Thrower (1930-2002)
First African American to play quarterback in the modern National Football League and in the Big Ten Conference. He played in two games for the Chicago Bears in 1953 and was a member of Michigan State's national championship team in 1952. Thrower first played football here, for New Kensington High School's WPIAL champion teams, 1946-48. He finished his career in Canada at age 27.
Valley High School, 703 Stevenson Blvd., New Kensington
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Wills Eye Hospital
In operation since 1834, Wills was the first US medical facility dedicated to the treatment of eyes and first to train residents in ophthalmology. Committed to patient care, research, and education, Wills is known worldwide for its surgical and medical innovations in eye care.
840 Walnut St., Philadelphia
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Wills House
Abraham Lincoln was a guest of David Wills in this house, Nov. 18 and 19, 1863. Here he met Governor Curtin and others, greeted the public, and completed his Gettysburg Address.
SE section of Square, York St. (Rt. 30) & Baltimore/Carlisle St. (Rt. 116), Gettysburg
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Wilson College
Founded in 1869, and named for Sarah Wilson, its benefactor. One of the oldest colleges for women in the U.S. Opened, 1870, in "Norland," former home of Col. A.K. McClure, close friend of Abraham Lincoln.
Edgar Ave. across from Ramsey Ave., off US 11 at campus, Chambersburg
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Wilt Chamberlain (1936-1999)
A legendary basketball player, born in Philadelphia. Earned national attention at Overbrook High School and at the University of Kansas. Played professionally for the Harlem Globetrotters, Philadelphia Warriors and 76ers, and Los Angeles Lakers, 1958-73. A dominant center, he set records for both rebounding and scoring; scored 100 points in one game, 1962. Most Valuable Player four times. Member, Basketball Hall of Fame.
Overbrook High School, N 59th St. & Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia
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Wilt Chamberlain's Scoring Record
In a basketball game played here on March 2, 1962, Philadelphia Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain scored 100 points against the New York Knicks-- a record for points scored by a single player in any National Basketball Association game, 169-147, in front of 4,124 fans. During that season, Chamberlain set other records by averaging 50.4 points per game and by scoring more than 50 points in each of 45 games.
100 Hersheypark Dr. (Hersheypark Arena), Hershey
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Windber
Founded 1897 by the Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. Distinctive among bituminous coal towns, this community had a large independent center surrounded by 13 "patch towns." Among notable structures built by Berwind-White were the Wilmore Building here (1914) and Arcadia Theatre across the street (1919). Thousands of immigrants came here to work the mines; largest in output was Eureka Mine #40, 2 miles NW. Company mining ceased, 1962
Graham Ave. & 15th St., at Coal Heritage Ctr., Windber
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Windber Strike of 1922-23
Windber-area Berwind White workers joined a national strike by United Mine Workers of America in April 1922 for improved wages and working conditions, civil liberties, and recognition. The strike lasted 16 months; families of strikers were evicted from company housing. A City of New York inquiry exposed deplorable living and working conditions and urged nationalization of coal mines.
Graham Ave. between 14th & 15th Sts. in Miner's Park, Windber
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Winfield S. Hancock
Outstanding Civil War general and hero of the Battle of Gettysburg, was born here Feb. 14, 1824. After 1828 he lived in Norristown, where he is buried.
Bethlehem Pike (PA 309) just N of PA 202, S of Montgomeryville (at AT&T)
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Wissahickon Boys Club
Founded by Germantown Quakers in 1885. This Club joined the national Boys Club Federation in 1906 - the first member to serve an African American population. Under president John T. Emlen & executive director William T. Coleman, it earned a reputation for outstanding service to youth. Club alumni include Bill Cosby, Herb Adderley. Renamed the Wissahickon Boys & Girls Club in 1981, it moved here from Coulter St. & Pulaski Ave. in 1985.
328 W Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia
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Wissahickon Inn
Opened May 30, 1884 by the industrialist Henry H. Houston as a 250-room summer resort hotel. The architects were G.W. and W.D. Hewitt. Since 1898 the Inn has served Chestnut Hill Academy (founded 1850) which acquired ownership, 1940.
Springfield Ave. in front of inn, Chestnut Hill Academy, Philadelphia
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Witmer's Tavern
One of the best surviving structures of its type. Original east end built about 1725 by Benjamin Witmer, agent for the London Land Company. Passed on to his son, tavern-keeper John Witmer. Enlarged by Henry Witmer, 1773. Family was prominent in many early enterprises, including the Philadelphia-Lancaster Turnpike (1792), bridge over the Conestoga (1800), and first Columbia-Wrightsville bridge (1812).
2014 Old Philadelphia Pk. (PA 340) just E of US 30, at E end of Lancaster
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Wolff's Fort
A stockaded house built here about 1780 by Jacob Wolfe afforded a refuge for the settlers of this region. It was one of the most important forts in the area.
US 40 near E Buffalo Church Rd. (T-622), ~2 miles SW of Washington
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Woman's Rights Convention of 1852
The first Woman's Rights Convention in Pennsylvania was held here, June 2-3, 1852, four years after the famous Seneca Falls, New York, Convention. It adopted resolutions promoting the legal, educational, and vocational rights of women.
225 N. High St., at Co. Historical Soc., West Chester
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Women of Idenlea
Idenlea was the country estate of two generations of trailblazing women: first woman physician in PA Dr. Hannah E Longshore (1819-1901), her sister and successful early woman physician Dr. Jane V Myers (1831-1918), and her daughter, prominent women’s advocate Lucretia Mott Longshore Blankenburg (1845-1937). These women were most notable for their leadership in advancing the causes of women’s rights, suffrage, and women in medicine; abolition of slavery; and civic and municipal reform in Philadelphia.
Intersection of N Highland Ave and Heather Rd, in front of property line of 18 N Highland Ave.
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Women's Pa. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
In 1869, thirty women, led by Caroline Earle White, set up the first office of this animal welfare organization here. They created the nation's first animal shelter and adoptions program after taking over the city dog pound. WPSPCA's work also resulted in the earliest humane education school program, junior humane society, free veterinary clinic, and anti-vivisection society. The group relocated to Bensalem in 1994.
1320 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
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Wood Street Riverbank Steps
The steps here are the only surviving example of ten passageways along the original Delaware River bank commissioned by William Penn in the early 1700s. Providing public access to the river wharves, the steps promoted transportation, commerce, and westward expansion in Pa.
323 N Front St., between Vine & Callowhill Sts., Philadelphia
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Woodrow Wilson - Marker Retired by Commission on 9/14/2021
Educator, statesman, President. Here, at Bryn Mawr College, Wilson held his first teaching position. From 1885, when the college opened, until 1888, he taught history and politics in nearby Taylor Hall.
New Gulph Rd. at entrance to college, near Caversham Rd., Bryn Mawr
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Work Accidents and the Law (1910)
The pioneering study of industrial conditions in Allegheny County by Crystal Eastman documented 526 workplace deaths in one year. A component of the land-mark Pittsburgh Survey, it led to industrial accident prevention programs and workers' compensation laws.
Market Square near PPG Place, Pittsburgh
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Workers in Greater Pittston's Garment Industry
From the 1930s to the 1980s Pittston emerged as a national center for clothing manufacturing. Thousands of workers, mainly women, labored in many factories throughout the Greater Pittston area. Most were members of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) that gained higher wages, workplace health & safety improvements, and employee rights. The ILGWU was active in civic and political life throughout Pennsylvania.
S Main St. across from Dock St., Pittston (at labor mural)
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World War II Connellsville Canteen
From 1944 until 1946, about 800 women of all ages met 600,000 troops who passed through the B&O Railroad station. From offices here, volunteers furnished food and drink 24 hours a day and chauffeured personnel to their homes.
North Water Street in Connellsville
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Wyalusing
Named for an early town of the Munsee Delawares, which occupied the flats south of the present town. In 1760 Munsees under Papoonhank welcomed Post here, on his way toward a great Indian council beyond Allegheny River.
GAR Hwy. (US 6) & Bridge St. at SE end of Wyalusing
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Wyalusing
Named for an early town of the Munsee Delawares, which occupied the flats south of the present town. In 1760 Munsees under Papoonhank welcomed Post here, on his way toward a great Indian council beyond Allegheny River.
GAR Hwy. (US 6) at NW end of Wyalusing
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Wyalusing Path
An Indian path from Wyalusing on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, ran down Muncy Creek to the West Branch. Christian Indians, led by the Moravian Bishop Ettwien, came west over this path in 1772 to found a "City of Peace" on the Beaver River.
US 220 at Beech Glen, 1 miles S of Muncy Valley
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Wyalusing Rocks
Lookout on Warriors Path, entering Pennsylvania from the headwaters of Delaware, Susquehanna, and Chemung Rivers. Over it traveled Six Nations war parties against southern Indians, and peace missions to Philadelphia.
US 6 & US 309, 1.3 miles N of Wyalusing at lookout (Missing)
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Wyolutimunk
Across the river is the site of the Indian town. "King" Tedyuscung stopped here with Frederick Post, May 17, 1760, on his way to Tioga and the "great concourse in the West."
Sullivans Trail (PA 92), 2.3 miles S of Falls, .2 mile N of Wyoming-Luzerne Co. line
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Wyoming Branch of the Free Library
The last library funded by noted philanthropist Andrew Carnegie opened here October 30, 1930, as the Wyoming Avenue Branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia. Pittsburgh industrialist Carnegie endowed more than 2,500 libraries worldwide, including many in Philadelphia.
231 E Wyoming Ave., at "B" St., Philadelphia
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Wyoming County
Formed on April 4, 1842 out of Luzerne County. The name, honoring the Wyoming Valley, is derived from an Indian word meaning "extensive meadows." County seat of Tunkhannock was settled 1790; incorporated 1841. Sullivan's March passed through in August 1779.
County Courthouse, Warren St., Tunkhannock
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Wyoming Division Canal
Built by the State of Pennsylvania, 1831-34, this canal opened the Wyoming Valley's anthracite field to the mid-Atlantic coal trade. Along with the railroads, it ultimately enabled this valley to become the world's largest anthracite coal producer. Part of the North Branch Canal, the line ran 17 miles from West Nanticoke to Pittston; a public boat basin was on this site. The Wyoming Division closed in 1882.
At Co. Courthouse, 200 N River St., near W Jackson St. intersection, Wilkes-Barre
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Wyoming Path
Important path linking the many Indian settlements in the Wyoming Valley with Shamokin, now Sunbury. In 1742 Count Zinzendorf, organizer of Moravian missions, came this way after visiting the Shawnees at Wyoming.
US 11 at W Ft. McClure Blvd., at Fairgrounds, Bloomsburg
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Wyoming Path
Section of the Iroquois Warriors Path, following the Susquehanna from the Wyoming Valley to Shamokin, now Sunbury. U.S. 11 follows its general route. South of here the trail crossed to Shamokin Island.
US 11, opposite Weis warehouse, NE of Northumberland
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Wyoming-Minisink Path
The highway here follows closely the route of the Delaware Indian trail from Minisink Island to Wyoming. Refugees from the Massacre of Wyoming, 1778, camped by the "boiling" spring, which may be seen in the woods a few yards south of here.
Blooming Grove Rd. (LR 51019 / SR 4004) @ Spring Rd., .3 mile W of Lords Valley
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Wyoming-Minisink Path
Here, an important Indian trail connecting the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers ascended Indian Point to Powwow Hill. The path was used by Delaware Indians in their migration to the Wyoming Valley, and later by Connecticut settlers.
Federal Rd. (US 209), 3 miles S of Milford, ~75 yds S of Raymondskill Rd.
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Wyoming-Minisink Path
Here the path from Minisink Island to Wyoming descended the hill to ford Wallenpaupack Creek, before the valley was flooded to make the present lake. Crossing the mts. to Capoose (Scranton), it descended the Lackawanna Valley to the Susquehanna.
Ansley Rd., N of PA 507, at Old Indian Trail (private rd.), NW of Paupack and just SE of Lake Wallenpaupack
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Yohogania Courthouse
Governmental and judicial center for Yohogania, a county erected by Virginia in asserting its claim to western Pennsylvania from 1777 to 1780. The site is on the hilltop opposite.
PA 837 SW of West Elizabeth
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York
Laid out in 1741, by order of the Proprietors; the first Pennsylvania town west of the Susquehanna River. Seat of the Continental Congress, 1777-78; birthplace of the Articles of Confederation.
1415 E Market St. (PA 462), just W of I-83, York (MISSING)
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York
Laid out in 1741, by order of the Proprietors; the first Pennsylvania town west of the Susquehanna River. Seat of the Continental Congress, 1777-78; birthplace of the Articles of Confederation.
US 30 (westbound), just west of I-83, York
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York
Laid out in 1741, by order of the Proprietors; the first Pennsylvania town west of the Susquehanna River. Seat of the Continental Congress, 1777-78; birthplace of the Articles of Confederation.
PA 462 (W Market St.) across from N Pearl St., W of York (MISSING)
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York
Laid out in 1741, by order of the Proprietors; the first Pennsylvania town west of the Susquehanna River. Seat of the Continental Congress, 1777-78; birthplace of the Articles of Confederation.
US 111 (S George St.) & Rathton St., at hospital, York
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York County
Formed August 19, 1749 from Lancaster County, it was Pennsylvania's fifth to be established. York, the county seat, was laid out in 1741. Continental Congress met in York, 1777-78. Here it adopted Articles of Confederation; ratified treaties with France.
Colonial Courthouse, 205 W. Market St., York
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York County Academy
Successor to the parish school of Rev. John Andrews. In 1787, incorporated with St. John's Episcopal Church as York Academy; granted separate charter as York County Academy in 1799. In continuous use from 1787 to 1929.
N Beaver St. at building (Missing)
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York County Prison
The old county prison stood on this site from about 1750-1855. In early years of the Revolution, prominent British prisoners of war were held here.
NE corner, King & George Sts., York
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York Imperial Apple
Here, at a nursery located on Springwood Farms, a new variety of apple was propagated by Jonathan Jessop in 1820. In 1855 it was named the "York Imperial." It became a leading variety which was widely grown in the U.S.
S. George St. (SR 3001 / old US 111), just S of intersection w/ Old Baltimore Pk. & Monument Rd., S end of York
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York Inter-State Fair
Recognized as America's oldest agricultural fair, dating its origin from a charter issued by the Penns in 1765. Discontinued after 1815, the fair has been conducted annually since 1853 by the York County Agricultural Society. The present ground has been used since 1888.
Pa. 462 (W. Market St.) at fairgrounds, York
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York Iron Company Mine
Site of the last visible remains of an industry that had a major impact on SW York County. This mine opened in 1854-- the year iron ore was first discovered nearby-- and was later purchased by York Iron. At the industry''s height, 15 mines were in operation here, bringing hundreds of skilled miners from England and Wales. Rising prices and cheaper iron elsewhere caused the mines to close by 1888.
Hoff Rd., S of Zeiglers Church Rd. between Seven Valleys & Jefferson, at Raab Park entrance
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York Liberty Bell
Old bell originally hung in Provincial Courthouse; now in the vestibule of this church. Announced the signing of Declaration of Independence and sessions of Congress when it met in York.
N. Beaver St. between W Gay and W Gas Aves., in Episcopal Churchyard, York
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York Meeting
A center for Friends'' activities since 1766. It is the oldest existing house of worship in York. The eastern part of the building was erected in 1766; the western part about 1783.
135 W Philadelphia St. (Rts. 74/462) near N Pershing Ave., at meetinghouse, York
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Zane Grey (1872-1939)
The prolific author of western novels lived on this property, 1905-1918. Among his books written here was the famed "Riders of the Purple Sage" (1912). He had a lifelong love for this area, and his remains now rest within view of the house.
At Zane Grey Museum, Scenic Dr., just off PA 590, N end of Lackawaxen
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Zelienople
Founded by Baron Dettmar Basse in 1802. Named for his daughter Zelie. On the hill overlooking the town, he built Bassenheim, a palatial wooden "castle," which burned in 1842.
N Main St./ Perry Hwy. (US 19) just N of Connoquenessing Crrek, N end of Zelienople
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Zenas Leonard (1809-1857)
Clearfield native and fur trader, Leonard was second in command of the Joseph Reddeford Walker Expedition from 1831-1834 to find a route to the Pacific Ocean through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Leonard served as the expedition''s clerk and chronicler, recording the first non-native American encounter of giant sequoia trees. In 1839 Leonard published his account of the expedition, recognized for its detailed descriptions.
Corner of Daisy St. Ext. (Rt. 322) and Leonard St., Clearfield
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