Base.get_extension & Dates.format made public (#58108)

`Base.get_extension` and `Dates.format` both appear in the manual and
should therefore be `public` symbols according to
[51335](#51335 (comment)).

They appear in the manual
[here](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/base/base/#Base.get_extension)
and

[here](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Dates/#Dates.format-Tuple%7BTimeType,%20AbstractString%7D).

Please also consider back porting this to version 1.12

(cherry picked from commit 963eaa7)

Author: GHTaarn

base/public.jl

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public
     active_project,
 
 # Reflection and introspection
+    get_extension,
     isambiguous,
     isexpr,
     isidentifier,

stdlib/Dates/src/Dates.jl

@@ -81,4 +81,6 @@ export Period, DatePeriod, TimePeriod,
        # io.jl
        ISODateTimeFormat, ISODateFormat, ISOTimeFormat, DateFormat, RFC1123Format, @dateformat_str
 
+public format
+
 end # module