GroupPolarization.nlogo

globals [
  argument-pool-1
  argument-pool-2
  temp-1 ;;for ploting
  temp-2 ;;for ploting
  active-id ;; for differnt pick-buddy mode (not use now)
  show-network?
  shift
  ]

turtles-own [
  influence ;; this variable doesn't deal with social comparison
  ;;but deal with  persuasive argument/ self-categorization theory/social decision scheme Friedkin p 859-60 (not use now)
  pool-id
  individual-ap ;; a list of individual argument pool
  compared-argument ;; variable to deal with social comparison hypothesis brown p. 215 1.3 / brown p.219 2.3
  pre-temp ;; initial argument
  pre-temp-0 ;; item 0 of initial argument
  post-temp ;; strongest or compared argument depend on the mode
  post-temp-0;; item 0 of compared argument
  temp-argument ;; randomly chosen argument for interaction
  my-buddies
  my-buddy
  buddied?
  ]

patches-own []
extensions  []

to setup
  ;;random-seed 1
  ;; (for this model to work with NetLogo's new plotting features,
  ;; __clear-all-and-reset-ticks should be replaced with clear-all at
  ;; the beginning of your setup procedure and reset-ticks at the end
  ;; of the procedure.)
  __clear-all-and-reset-ticks ;; ca
  ask patches [set pcolor gray - 3]
  set show-network? true
  crt-turtles
  pool-setup-1 ;; Brown p.219- 1.1
  pool-setup-2
  intialize-individual-ap ;; Brown p.219 1.2
  setup-pre-temp ;;
  setup-post-temp
  update-initial-plot ;; extract item 0 from both argument pools and pre-temp
  do-initial-plots ;; plot the two APs
  update-pre-color
  define-group ;; social influence network which covers social decision scheme as well
end

to go
  pick-buddy
  highlight-link
  pick-argument
  interact
  sort-ap
  forget
  dehighlight-link
  lose-buddy
  update-compared-argument
  update-color
  update-turtles
  calculate-shift
  do-plot
  clear-links
  ask n-of (chance-to-move * tnumber / 100) turtles [move]
  define-group

  tick
end

to crt-turtles
  if tnumber > count patches [
    user-message (word "This pond only has room for "count patches" turtles.") stop]
  ask n-of tnumber patches [
    sprout 1 [
      set shape "person"
      set size 1
      set influence random 100
      set buddied? false
      ]
  ]
end

to move ;;simulate people leave and join groups
  rt random-float 360
  fd 1
  move-to patch-here
end

to define-group ;;to define group and create network
  ask turtles [
    ifelse range-of-interaction = 3 [
      ;set my-buddies sort (turtles in-radius 2)
      set my-buddies sort other (turtles in-radius 2)
      ;set my-buddies-list sort my-buddies
      if show-network? [foreach my-buddies [ ?1 -> if ?1 != self [create-link-with ?1] ]]][
      ifelse range-of-interaction = 2 [
        ;set my-buddies sort (turtles-on neighbors)
        set my-buddies sort other (turtles-on neighbors)
        ;set my-buddies-list sort my-buddies
        if show-network? [foreach my-buddies [ ?1 -> if ?1 != self [create-link-with ?1] ]]][
        ;set my-buddies sort (turtles-on neighbors4)
        set my-buddies sort other (turtles-on neighbors4)
        ;set my-buddies-list sort my-buddies
        if show-network? [foreach my-buddies [ ?1 -> if ?1 != self [create-link-with ?1] ]]]
        ]
  ]
end


to pick-buddy ;; to pick a target
    ask turtles with [not empty? my-buddies] [
;      if not empty? my-buddies = true [
        if my-buddy = 0 [
        set my-buddy one-of my-buddies
        ask my-buddy [
          ifelse my-buddy = 0
          [
            set my-buddy myself
            set buddied? true
            ask myself [set buddied? true]
          ]
          [
            ask myself [set buddied? false]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
end

to highlight-link ;; to highlight the link between two activating agents
  ask turtles [
    if (buddied? = true) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
      ask link [who] of my-buddy who [
        set color orange
        ]
    ]
  ]
end

to pick-argument ;; to set the temp arugment
  ask turtles [
    if (buddied? = true) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
      set temp-argument post-temp
      ]
  ]
end

to interact ;; to convey the opion to randomly chosen argument
  ask turtles [
    if (buddied? = true) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
      let a temp-argument
      ask my-buddy [
        set individual-ap lput a individual-ap
        ]
      ]
    ]
end

to sort-ap ;; to sort the magnitude of arguments and remove duplicate
  ask turtles [
    if  (buddied? = true) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
      set individual-ap sort-by [ [?1 ?2] -> item 1 ?1 > item 1 ?2 ] individual-ap
    ]
  ]
end

to forget ;; to forget the less persuavise argument
  ask turtles [
    if (buddied? = true) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
;      if link-neighbor? my-buddy [
      set individual-ap remove-duplicates individual-ap
      if (length individual-ap > ap-capacity) [
      set individual-ap remove-item ap-capacity individual-ap
      ]
    ]
  ]
end

to dehighlight-link ;; to recolor the link
  ask turtles [
    if (my-buddy != nobody) AND (my-buddy != 0) [
      ask link [who] of my-buddy who [
        set color white
        ]
    ]
  ]
end

to lose-buddy ;; to reset variables for next pick
  ask turtles with [not empty? my-buddies] [
    set my-buddies []
    set my-buddy 0
    set buddied? false
    set temp-argument 0
  ]
 end

to intialize-individual-ap ;; to intialize individual argument pool
  ask turtles [
    set individual-ap n-of ap-capacity argument-pool-1
    set pool-id 1
  ]
  ask n-of (tnumber * percentage / 100) turtles [
    set individual-ap n-of ap-capacity argument-pool-2
    set pool-id 2
    set shape "person business"
  ]
end

to setup-pre-temp ;; to decide the initial belief level by social compariosn at individual level
  ask turtles [
    let x []
    let x-mean 0
    set x map [ ?1 -> item 0 ?1 ] individual-ap
    set x-mean mean x
    ;set pre-temp item int random ap-capacity individual-ap
    let a item 0 individual-ap
    foreach individual-ap [ ?1 ->
      if abs (item 0 ?1 - x-mean) <= abs (item 0 a - x-mean) [
         set pre-temp ?1
      ]
    ]
  ]
end

to setup-post-temp
  ask turtles [
    set post-temp pre-temp
  ]
end

to update-compared-argument ;; to update the belief by social compariosn after every round
  ask turtles [
    let x []
    let x-mean 0
    set x map [ ?1 -> item 0 ?1 ] individual-ap
    set x-mean mean x
    let a item 0 individual-ap
    foreach individual-ap [ ?1 ->
      if abs (item 0 ?1 - x-mean) <= abs (item 0 a - x-mean) [
         set compared-argument ?1
      ]
    ]
  ]

;  ask turtles [
;    let a item 0 individual-ap
;    foreach individual-ap [
;      if item 1 ? >= item 1 a [
;         set strongest-argument ?
;      ]
;    ]
;  ]
end

to update-pre-color ;; to update color by belief level
  ask turtles [
    let a item 0 pre-temp
    ifelse a >= 6
    [set color scale-color red  a 10 6]
    [set color scale-color blue a  0 4]
  ]
  ask turtles with [item 0 pre-temp = 5] [
    set color white
  ]
end

to update-color
  ask turtles [
    let a item 0 compared-argument
    ifelse a >= 6
    [set color scale-color red  a 10 6]
    [set color scale-color blue a  0 4]
  ]
  ask turtles with [item 0 compared-argument = 5] [
    set color white
  ]
end

to pool-setup-1 ;; to setup argument-pool-1 by number of arguments in the pool
  set argument-pool-1 n-values apnumber  [n-values 2 [int random-normal 50 20]]
  let loop-step 0
  let x 0
  loop [
    set x int random-normal ap1-mean ap1-sd
    set argument-pool-1 (replace-item loop-step argument-pool-1
      (replace-item 0 (item loop-step argument-pool-1) x))

    while [x > 10 or x < 0] [set x int random-normal ap1-mean ap1-sd]
    set argument-pool-1 (replace-item loop-step argument-pool-1
      (replace-item 0 (item loop-step argument-pool-1) x))

    set loop-step loop-step + 1
    if loop-step = apnumber [stop]
  ]
end

to pool-setup-2 ;; to setup argument-pool-2 by number of arguments in the pool
  set argument-pool-2 n-values apnumber  [n-values 2 [int random-normal 50 20]]
  let loop-step 0
  let x 0
  loop [
    set x int random-normal ap2-mean ap2-sd
    set argument-pool-2 (replace-item loop-step argument-pool-2
      (replace-item 0 (item loop-step argument-pool-2) x))

    while [x > 10 or x < 0] [set x int random-normal ap2-mean ap2-sd]
    set argument-pool-2 (replace-item loop-step argument-pool-2
      (replace-item 0 (item loop-step argument-pool-2) x))

    set loop-step loop-step + 1
    if loop-step = apnumber [stop]
  ]
end

to update-initial-plot
  set temp-1 map [ ?1 -> item 0 ?1 ] argument-pool-1
  set temp-2 map [ ?1 -> item 0 ?1 ] argument-pool-2
  ask turtles [
    set pre-temp-0 item 0 pre-temp
  ]
end

to update-turtles
  ask turtles [
    set post-temp compared-argument
    set post-temp-0 item 0 compared-argument
    ]
end

to do-initial-plots
  set-current-plot "ap1-histrogram"
  histogram temp-1
  set-current-plot "ap2-histrogram"
  histogram temp-2
  set-current-plot "pre-ap-histrogram"
  histogram [pre-temp-0] of turtles
end

to calculate-shift
  let x []
  let y []
  let z []
  set x [pre-temp-0] of turtles
  set y [post-temp-0] of turtles
  (foreach x y [ [?1 ?2] -> set z fput (abs (?1 - ?2)) z ] )
  set shift (sum z)
; set shift (sum [pre-temp-0] of turtles - sum [post-temp-0] of turtles) / tnumber * 100
end


to do-plot
  set-current-plot "post-ap-histrogram"
  histogram [post-temp-0] of turtles
  ;set-current-plot "shift"
  ;plot shift
end
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@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

This model aims to synthesize existing hypotheses of group polarization especially social comparison hypothesis and persuasive argument by filling the gap between verbal theorizing and simulation (Brown, 1998). Critiques from Friedkin (1999) and new ideas from the authors are also added to the models.

## HOW DOES THE BASIC MODEL WORKS?

Each agent has a limited individual argument pool to hold particular number of arguments draw from the greater pool which represent cultural preference toward a certain issue. First, an agent each takes turn to mutually exchange an argument with one un-partnered agent from the range of interaction. The interaction stops when no more exchange possible (Every agent has agent(s) in the group is partnered or unable to partnered, because every possible agents are partnered).Then, each agent updates by picking the strongest argument from the individual pool.

## HOW TO USE IT

First, you should decided the number of agents (tnumber) and number of arguments (apnumber) in the pool. Each argument is a list which contains two values (belief direction, magnitude of argument). The belief direction of larger argument pool is set by manipulating two sliders (ap1-mean and ap1-sd). Beyond the basic setting of the model, (range-of-interaction) can be decided to simulate different social distance, the (chance-to-move) are used to imitate enter or exit the group.

## THINGS TO TRY

The model is also capable to test group polarization when agents draw belief from two separated pool. (percentage) are used to determined the ratio of two population. It�s also interesting to change how many argument an agent can store in individual argument pool.

## CREDITS AND REFERENCES


Brown, Roger.�Social Psychology. 2nd ed. New York City, New York: The Free Press, 2003. 200-248. Print.
Friedkin, Noah. "Choice Shift and Group Polarization."American Sociological Review. 64. (1999): 856-875.
    Print.�
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Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108
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Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194
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Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42
Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42
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Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87
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Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99

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Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221
Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79
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NetLogo 6.1.0
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@#$#@#$#@
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default
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0
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