The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next character. During this process, with a line big enough it's possible to make this variable to overflow leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.

References

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0690
• https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0690
• https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346123