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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Nova Scheduler</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org70d1e55">1. Nova Scheduler</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgb326f58">1.1. Intro</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfd6f9bc">1.2. Nova Scheduler</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org811b1c7">1.2.1. Scheduler Setup</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4be7cea">1.2.2. Scheduler logic</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6ec5324">1.2.3. Params affecting scheduling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgb38547b">1.3. Debug scheduling</a></li>
<li><a href="#org48b80a1">1.4. Test on Mirantis lab</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org03417f9">1.4.1. Env description</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb4b25e9">1.4.2. Apply the patch for the scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgab8c16e">1.4.3. Boot VMs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge8b5d85">1.4.4. Check VM distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6d336a1">1.4.5. Analysis of what happened</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org70d1e55" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org70d1e55"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Nova Scheduler</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb326f58" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb326f58"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Intro</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
This doc contains 3 parts describing the following:<br />
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>common Nova scheduler principles related to scheduler setup, scheduler logic of picking a host and<br />
params affecting the scheduling process;<br /></li>
<li>information about Mirantis analyzer tool for Nova scheduling;<br /></li>
<li>log of booting VMs on Mirantis test lab.<br /></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfd6f9bc" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfd6f9bc"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Nova Scheduler</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org811b1c7" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org811b1c7"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.1</span> Scheduler Setup</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-1">
<p>
Nova scheduling process is configurable. First of all, you can choose what driver for scheduling is<br />
used in <b>CONF/scheduler/driver</b> <sup><a id="fnr.1" class="footref" href="#fn.1">1</a></sup>. Several options are available e.g. filter_scheduler,<br />
caching_scheduler or chance_scheduler. As the filter_scheduler is used by default, in this doc the<br />
most attention is focused on it. Next important setting is <b>CONF/scheduler/host_manager</b> <sup><a id="fnr.2" class="footref" href="#fn.2">2</a></sup><br />
that represents the in-memory picture of the hosts and their properties that scheduler takes into<br />
account.<br />
</p>
<p>
For the filter_scheduler important settings are <b>CONF/filter_scheduler/available_filters</b> which are<br />
links to python objects loaded into memory and could be used in<br />
<b>CONF/filter_scheduler/enabled_filters</b> that are <b>really</b> used for filtering.<br />
</p>
<p>
<b>CONF/filter_scheduler/weight_classes</b> is a list of python objects using for weighing hosts.<br />
</p>
<p>
In MCP the filter_scheduler is used with Nova default host manager. The following filters are<br />
enabled:<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">DifferentHostFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">SameHostFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">RetryFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">AvailabilityZoneFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">RamFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">CoreFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">DiskFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ComputeFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ComputeCapabilitiesFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ImagePropertiesFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ServerGroupAntiAffinityFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ServerGroupAffinityFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PciPassthroughFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">NUMATopologyFilter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">AggregateInstanceExtraSpecsFilter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
A good description could be found in filter scheduler Nova docs <sup><a id="fnr.3" class="footref" href="#fn.3">3</a></sup>.<br />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4be7cea" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org4be7cea"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.2</span> Scheduler logic</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-2">
<p>
The filter scheduler has several phases:<br />
</p>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>Get all available compute nodes. Depending on Nova release it either<br />
could be a request from DB or the Placement service. In Ocata, Placement is in reporting mode<br />
only it means data are sent to Placement but not used for scheduling. In Pike+ release Placement<br />
is a part of scheduling to get hosts and put allocations.<br /></li>
<li>Filter gotten hosts. The list of hosts go through each filter in the<br />
order specified in <b>CONF/filter_scheduler/enabled_filters</b>. For each host a filter returns either<br />
true or false.<br /></li>
<li><p>
Weigh hosts and sort host according to weights in a descending order.<br />
In Ocata, the following list of weighers is used:<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">DiskWeigher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">IoOpsWeigher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">MetricsWeigher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">RAMWeigher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ServerGroupSoftAffinityWeigher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ServerGroupSoftAntiAffinityWeigher</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
Each weigher calculates weight for a list of host. After that those calculated normalized basing on<br />
min and max values. Final weight for host is calculated as sum of weights * weight_multiplier.<br />
weight_multiplier is specified in CONF. Default multipliers are the following:<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ram_weight_multiplier</td>
<td class="org-right">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">disk_weight_multiplier</td>
<td class="org-right">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">io_ops_weight_multiplier</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">soft_affinity_weight_multiplier</td>
<td class="org-right">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">soft_anti_affinity_weight_multiplier</td>
<td class="org-right">1.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
A negative value means the logic is reversed, e.g. the more io_ops on a host<br />
the lower host is on the sorted list.<br />
</p></li>
<li>Cut the weighed host list according to the <b>CONF/filter_scheduler/host_subset_size</b><br />
the default is 1.<br /></li>
<li>Pick a random host from weighed host subset.<br /></li>
</ol>
<p>
Let's see some simple cases.<br />
</p>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>Equal hosts scheduling.<br />
We have several equal hosts, let's assume that filters pass all hosts, in that<br />
case only weighers affect scheduling. On the first request, a host is picked<br />
depending on the order in the DB, probably the order of creation.<br />
On the next requests, the most un-occupied hosts are picked.<br /></li>
<li>Big+small hosts scheduling.<br />
In that case, most powerful hosts are used until their remaining resources<br />
will be less or equal to the other less powerful hosts.<br /></li>
<li>Lay aside scheduling for hosts with big disks.<br />
In that case, we need to set disk_weight_multiplier to a negative value.<br />
For example, we have hosts with 4Tb disks (big) and 512Gb disks (small).<br />
Setting disk_weight_multiplier to -10 allows to schedule on a host with small<br />
disks first. This assumes that other host params besides the disk space<br />
are equal.<br /></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6ec5324" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org6ec5324"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.3</span> Params affecting scheduling</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-3">
<p>
The ways affect scheduling is mostly coded in filters.<br />
The following params could affect scheduling:<br />
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>availability_zone - a param for create server request <sup><a id="fnr.4" class="footref" href="#fn.4">4</a></sup>, it restricts the list of<br />
hosts can be used to the hosts with particular availability_zone;<br /></li>
<li><p>
scheduler_hints - params for the create server request<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">build_near_host_ip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">cidr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">different_cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">different_host</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">query</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">same_host</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">target_cell</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></li>
<li><p>
flavor extra_specs<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">pci_passthrough:alias</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw:cpu_policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw:cpu_thread_policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">aggregate_instance_extra_specs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">capabilities:*</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></li>
<li><p>
image properties<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw:cpu_policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw:cpu_thread_policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw_architecture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">img_hv_type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">hw_vm_mode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">img_hv_requested_version</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></li>
<li><p>
Placement allocation candidate request options.<br />
Since Pike+ it is possible to specify params for the Placement request with<br />
flavor extra specs:<br />
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">resources:$RESOURCE_CLASS: $AMOUNT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">resources$N:$RESOURCE_CLASS: $AMOUNT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">trait:$TRAIT_NAME: required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">trait$N:$TRAIT_NAME: required</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb38547b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb38547b"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Debug scheduling</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
As there many factors affecting the scheduling process sometimes it<br />
needs to go deeper to understand what happens. The questions<br />
wanted to be answered could be:<br />
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>How many hosts were gotten by the scheduler? What are they?<br /></li>
<li>How many hosts were passed/rejected by each filter? What are they?<br /></li>
<li>What weight the host have? What value was gotten from the particular weigher?<br /></li>
<li>What host was chosen and where VM is actually placed?<br /></li>
</ul>
<p>
For that purpose, Mirantis implemented a patch that logs all required data<br />
in JSON-format into a file specified by <b>CONF/filter_scheduler/scheduler_debug_file</b>.<br />
</p>
<p>
After booting a VM, scheduler_debug_file could be uploaded into DB<br />
and analyzed with arbitrary SQL-queries.<br />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org48b80a1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org48b80a1"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> Test on Mirantis lab</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org03417f9" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org03417f9"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.1</span> Env description</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-4-1">
<p>
There is an env with 20 compute nodes.<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-shell">openstack hypervisor list
</pre>
</div>
<!-- This HTML table template is generated by emacs 26.0.50.2 -->
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
ID
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
Hypervisor Hostname
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
Hypervisor Type
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
Host IP
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
State
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
1 <br />
4 <br />
7 <br />
10 <br />
13 <br />
16 <br />
19 <br />
22 <br />
25 <br />
28 <br />
31 <br />
34 <br />
37 <br />
40 <br />
43 <br />
46 <br />
49 <br />
52 <br />
55 <br />
58
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
cmp13.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp17.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp12.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp15.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp1.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp2.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp16.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp6.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp10.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp4.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp0.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp9.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp14.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp18.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp19.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp3.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp8.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp5.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp11.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local <br />
cmp7.vsaienko-deploy-heat-os-ha-ovs-440.bud-mk.local
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU <br />
QEMU
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
172.16.10.96 <br />
172.16.10.112 <br />
172.16.10.108 <br />
172.16.10.99 <br />
172.16.10.107 <br />
172.16.10.113 <br />
172.16.10.106 <br />
172.16.10.103 <br />
172.16.10.109 <br />
172.16.10.111 <br />
172.16.10.104 <br />
172.16.10.110 <br />
172.16.10.105 <br />
172.16.10.101 <br />
172.16.10.114 <br />
172.16.10.102 <br />
172.16.10.100 <br />
172.16.10.97 <br />
172.16.10.98 <br />
172.16.10.95
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up <br />
up
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Set scheduler_subset_size to 1.<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">salt ctl* pkg.install crudini --no-color
salt ctl* cmd.run <span style="color: #71a19f;">'crudini --set /etc/nova/nova.conf filter_scheduler host_subset_size 1'</span> --no-color
salt ctl* cmd.run <span style="color: #71a19f;">'systemctl restart nova-scheduler'</span> --no-color
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb4b25e9" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgb4b25e9"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.2</span> Apply the patch for the scheduler</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-4-2">
<p>
Patch scheduler to log inner state.<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span style="color: #71a46c;">cd</span> ~/m/nova
git co mcp/ocata
git format-patch -1 HEAD
scp 0001-Add-debug-logging-for-scheduler.patch o20-cfg:/tmp/
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">salt-cp ctl* /tmp/0001-Add-debug-logging-for-scheduler.patch /tmp/0001-Add-debug-logging-for-scheduler.patch
salt ctl* cmd.run <span style="color: #71a19f;">'cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/; patch -p1 --backup < /tmp/0001-Add-debug-logging-for-scheduler.patch'</span>
salt ctl* cmd.run <span style="color: #71a19f;">'systemctl restart nova-scheduler'</span> --no-color
salt ctl* cmd.run <span style="color: #71a19f;">'rm /tmp/scheduling'</span> --no-color
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgab8c16e" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgab8c16e"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.3</span> Boot VMs</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-4-3">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-shell">openstack server list -c ID -f value | xargs openstack server delete
<span style="color: #c27d7b;">flavor</span>=f1; <span style="color: #c27d7b;">img</span>=8466bbdb-7bd3-4528-a3a3-a3b1c9ecbb32; <span style="color: #96905f; font-weight: bold;">for</span> i<span style="color: #96905f; font-weight: bold;"> in</span> {1..20}; <span style="color: #96905f; font-weight: bold;">do</span> nova boot --flavor $<span style="color: #c27d7b;">flavor</span> --image $<span style="color: #c27d7b;">img</span> vm-$<span style="color: #c27d7b;">i</span>; sleep 10; <span style="color: #96905f; font-weight: bold;">done</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge8b5d85" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orge8b5d85"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.4</span> Check VM distribution</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-4-4">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">openstack server list -c Name -f value | wc -l
openstack server list --long -c Host -f value | sort | uniq -c
</pre>
</div>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">20</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">1 cmp6</td>
</tr>