diff --git a/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/mod.rs b/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/mod.rs
index a2af9aaa3..00fda3de5 100644
--- a/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/mod.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ mod snapshot;
 mod sort_order;
 mod update_location;
 mod update_properties;
+mod update_statistics;
 mod upgrade_format_version;
 
 use std::mem::discriminant;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ use crate::transaction::append::FastAppendAction;
 use crate::transaction::sort_order::ReplaceSortOrderAction;
 use crate::transaction::update_location::UpdateLocationAction;
 use crate::transaction::update_properties::UpdatePropertiesAction;
+use crate::transaction::update_statistics::UpdateStatisticsAction;
 use crate::transaction::upgrade_format_version::UpgradeFormatVersionAction;
 use crate::{Catalog, TableCommit, TableRequirement, TableUpdate};
 
@@ -155,6 +157,11 @@ impl Transaction {
         UpdateLocationAction::new()
     }
 
+    /// Update the statistics of table
+    pub fn update_statistics(&self) -> UpdateStatisticsAction {
+        UpdateStatisticsAction::new()
+    }
+
     /// Commit transaction.
     pub async fn commit(mut self, catalog: &dyn Catalog) -> Result<Table> {
         if self.actions.is_empty() && self.updates.is_empty() {
diff --git a/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/update_statistics.rs b/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/update_statistics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..884a46cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/iceberg/src/transaction/update_statistics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use crate::spec::StatisticsFile;
+use crate::table::Table;
+use crate::transaction::{ActionCommit, TransactionAction};
+use crate::{Result, TableUpdate};
+
+/// A transactional action for updating statistics files in a table
+pub struct UpdateStatisticsAction {
+    statistics_to_set: HashMap<i64, Option<StatisticsFile>>,
+}
+
+impl UpdateStatisticsAction {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            statistics_to_set: HashMap::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the table's statistics file for given snapshot, replacing the previous statistics file for
+    /// the snapshot if any exists. The snapshot id of the statistics file will be used.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `statistics_file` - The [`StatisticsFile`] to associate with its corresponding snapshot ID.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// An updated [`UpdateStatisticsAction`] with the new statistics file applied.
+    pub fn set_statistics(mut self, statistics_file: StatisticsFile) -> Self {
+        self.statistics_to_set
+            .insert(statistics_file.snapshot_id, Some(statistics_file));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Remove the table's statistics file for given snapshot.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `snapshot_id` - The ID of the snapshot whose statistics file should be removed.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// An updated [`UpdateStatisticsAction`] with the removal operation recorded.
+    pub fn remove_statistics(mut self, snapshot_id: i64) -> Self {
+        self.statistics_to_set.insert(snapshot_id, None);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl TransactionAction for UpdateStatisticsAction {
+    async fn commit(self: Arc<Self>, _table: &Table) -> Result<ActionCommit> {
+        let mut updates: Vec<TableUpdate> = vec![];
+
+        self.statistics_to_set
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|(snapshot_id, statistic_file)| {
+                if let Some(statistics) = statistic_file {
+                    updates.push(TableUpdate::SetStatistics {
+                        statistics: statistics.clone(),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    updates.push(TableUpdate::RemoveStatistics {
+                        snapshot_id: snapshot_id.clone(),
+                    })
+                }
+            });
+
+        Ok(ActionCommit::new(updates, vec![]))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+    use as_any::Downcast;
+
+    use crate::spec::{BlobMetadata, StatisticsFile};
+    use crate::transaction::tests::make_v2_table;
+    use crate::transaction::update_statistics::UpdateStatisticsAction;
+    use crate::transaction::{ApplyTransactionAction, Transaction};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_update_statistics() {
+        let table = make_v2_table();
+        let tx = Transaction::new(&table);
+
+        let statistics_file_1 = StatisticsFile {
+            snapshot_id: 3055729675574597004i64,
+            statistics_path: "s3://a/b/stats.puffin".to_string(),
+            file_size_in_bytes: 413,
+            file_footer_size_in_bytes: 42,
+            key_metadata: None,
+            blob_metadata: vec![BlobMetadata {
+                r#type: "ndv".to_string(),
+                snapshot_id: 3055729675574597004i64,
+                sequence_number: 1,
+                fields: vec![1],
+                properties: HashMap::new(),
+            }],
+        };
+
+        let statistics_file_2 = StatisticsFile {
+            snapshot_id: 3366729675595277004i64,
+            statistics_path: "s3://a/b/stats.puffin".to_string(),
+            file_size_in_bytes: 413,
+            file_footer_size_in_bytes: 42,
+            key_metadata: None,
+            blob_metadata: vec![BlobMetadata {
+                r#type: "ndv".to_string(),
+                snapshot_id: 3366729675595277004i64,
+                sequence_number: 1,
+                fields: vec![1],
+                properties: HashMap::new(),
+            }],
+        };
+
+        // set stats1
+        let tx = tx
+            .update_statistics()
+            .set_statistics(statistics_file_1.clone())
+            .set_statistics(statistics_file_2.clone())
+            .remove_statistics(3055729675574597004i64) // remove stats1
+            .apply(tx)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let action = (*tx.actions[0])
+            .downcast_ref::<UpdateStatisticsAction>()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            action
+                .statistics_to_set
+                .get(&statistics_file_1.snapshot_id)
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_none()
+        ); // stats1 should have been removed
+        assert_eq!(
+            action
+                .statistics_to_set
+                .get(&statistics_file_2.snapshot_id)
+                .unwrap()
+                .clone(),
+            Some(statistics_file_2)
+        );
+    }
+}