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preloop.gms
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*** | (C) 2006-2024 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
*** | authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
*** | of REMIND and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
*** | AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
*** | REMIND License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
*** | Contact: remind@pik-potsdam.de
*** SOF ./modules/21_tax/on/preloop.gms
***initialize co2 market taxes
pm_taxemiMkt(t,regi,emiMkt)$(t.val ge cm_startyear) = 0;
pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration,t,regi,emiMkt)$(t.val ge cm_startyear) = 0;
***-------------------------------------------------------------------
*** overwrite default targets with gdx values
***-------------------------------------------------------------------
Execute_Loadpoint 'input' p21_tau_CO2_tax_gdx = pm_taxCO2eq;
if (cm_gdximport_target eq 1,
*** only if tax rates not all equal to zero
if (smax((t,regi),p21_tau_CO2_tax_gdx(t,regi)$(t.val gt 2030)) gt 0,
pm_taxCO2eq(t,regi) = p21_tau_CO2_tax_gdx(t,regi);
);
);
if (cm_emiscen ne 9,
pm_taxCO2eq(t, regi) = 0;
);
***-------------------------------------------------------------------
*** overwrite co2 tax for delay runs with gdx values
***-------------------------------------------------------------------
if ( (cm_startyear gt 2005),
Execute_Loadpoint 'input_ref' p21_tau_CO2_tax_gdx_bau = pm_taxCO2eq;
pm_taxCO2eq(ttot,regi)$((ttot.val gt 2005) AND (ttot.val lt cm_startyear)) = p21_tau_CO2_tax_gdx_bau(ttot,regi);
);
display pm_taxCO2eq;
*** Adjustment of final energy subsidies to avoid neg. implicit 2005 prices that result in huge demand increases in 2010 and 2015
*** Maximum final energy subsidy levels (in $/Gj) from REMIND version prior to rev. 5429
p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$p21_max_fe_sub(ttot,regi,entyFe) = max(p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe),-p21_max_fe_sub(ttot,regi,entyFe));
*** Subsidy proportional cap to avoid liquids increasing dramatically
p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$p21_prop_fe_sub(ttot,regi,entyFe) = p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe) * p21_prop_fe_sub(ttot,regi,entyFe);
*** Maximum primary energy subsidy levels (in $/Gj) to provide plausible upper bound: 40$/barrel ~ 8 $/GJ"
p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,enty)$f21_max_pe_sub(ttot,regi,enty) = max(p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,enty),-f21_max_pe_sub(ttot,regi,enty)*0.001/sm_EJ_2_TWa);
*** ------------------------- Temporal development of final energy TAXES and SUBSIDIES, depending on cm_fetaxscen
*** Set time path for:
*** - final energy taxes (p21_tau_fe_tax)
*** - subsidies (p21_tau_fe_sub)
if(cm_fetaxscen ne 0,
*----- TAXES ----------------------------------
***CASE 1: constant TAXES
if((cm_fetaxscen eq 1) or (cm_fetaxscen eq 3) or (cm_fetaxscen eq 4),
loop(ttot$(ttot.val ge 2005), p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe) = p21_tau_fe_tax("2005",regi,sector,entyFe));
);
***CASE 2: constant TAXES except for the final energies and regions defined at the f21_tax_convergence.cs4r file
if(cm_fetaxscen eq 2,
loop(ttot$(ttot.val ge 2005), p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe) = p21_tau_fe_tax("2005",regi,sector,entyFe));
s21_tax_time = 2050;
p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$(f21_tax_convergence("2050",regi,entyFe) AND ttot.val > 2015 AND ttot.val<(s21_tax_time + 1))
=
p21_tau_fe_tax("2005",regi,sector,entyFe)+((f21_tax_convergence("2050",regi,entyFe)*0.001/sm_EJ_2_TWa-p21_tau_fe_tax("2005",regi,sector,entyFe))*((ttot.val-2015)/(s21_tax_time-2015)));
p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$(f21_tax_convergence("2050",regi,entyFe) AND ttot.val >(s21_tax_time)) = f21_tax_convergence("2050",regi,entyFe)*0.001/sm_EJ_2_TWa;
);
***----- SUBSIDIES ----------------------------------
***global subsidies phase-out until 2030 for SSP1 (CASE 2) & SDP (CASE 4), until 2050 for SSP2 (CASE 3), no phaseout for SSP5 (CASE 1)
*** CASE 1: Constant subsidy (SSP5)
if(cm_fetaxscen eq 1,
loop(ttot$(ttot.val ge 2005), p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)=p21_tau_fe_sub("2005",regi,sector,entyFe));
loop(ttot$(ttot.val ge 2005), p21_tau_pe2se_sub(ttot,regi,te)=p21_tau_pe2se_sub("2005",regi,te));
loop(ttot$(ttot.val ge 2005), p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,entyPe)=p21_tau_fuEx_sub("2005",regi,entyPe));
);
*** CASE 2 and 3 and 4: Global subsidies phase-out by 2030 (SSP1, SDP) and 2050 (SSP2) respectively
if(cm_fetaxscen eq 2 OR cm_fetaxscen eq 3 OR cm_fetaxscen eq 4,
p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$(ttot.val eq 2010 OR ttot.val eq 2015)=p21_tau_fe_sub("2005",regi,sector,entyFe);
p21_tau_pe2se_sub(ttot,regi,te)$(ttot.val eq 2010 OR ttot.val eq 2015)=p21_tau_pe2se_sub("2005",regi,te);
p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,entyPe)$(ttot.val eq 2010 OR ttot.val eq 2015)=p21_tau_fuEx_sub("2005",regi,entyPe);
if(cm_fetaxscen eq 2 OR cm_fetaxscen eq 4, s21_tax_time = 2030);
if(cm_fetaxscen eq 3, s21_tax_time = 2050);
s21_tax_value = 0;
*** Calculate phase-out
loop(ttot,
p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$(ttot.val > 2015 AND ttot.val<(s21_tax_time + 1))
=
p21_tau_fe_sub("2015",regi,sector,entyFe)+((s21_tax_value-p21_tau_fe_sub("2015",regi,sector,entyFe))*(ttot.val-2015)/(s21_tax_time-2015));
p21_tau_fe_sub(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe)$(ttot.val>(s21_tax_time)) = s21_tax_value;
p21_tau_pe2se_sub(ttot,regi,te)$(ttot.val > 2015 AND ttot.val<(s21_tax_time + 1))
=
p21_tau_pe2se_sub("2015",regi,te)+((s21_tax_value-p21_tau_pe2se_sub("2015",regi,te))*(ttot.val-2015)/(s21_tax_time-2015));
p21_tau_pe2se_sub(ttot,regi,te)$(ttot.val>(s21_tax_time)) = s21_tax_value;
p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,entyPe)$(ttot.val > 2015 AND ttot.val<(s21_tax_time + 1))
=
p21_tau_fuEx_sub("2015",regi,entyPe)+((s21_tax_value-p21_tau_fuEx_sub("2015",regi,entyPe))*(ttot.val-2015)/(s21_tax_time-2015));
p21_tau_fuEx_sub(ttot,regi,entyPe)$(ttot.val>(s21_tax_time)) = s21_tax_value;
);
);
);
*** FS: switch cm_FEtax_trajectory to explicitly control tax level trajectory (overwrites cm_fetaxscen settings for the respective taxes affected),
$ifthen.fetax not "%cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs%" == "off"
*** from year given in cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs, set FE tax to level specified by cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs, cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs in USD/MWh -> convert to trUSD/TWa
loop((ttot,sector,entyFe)$p21_FEtax_trajectory_abs(ttot,sector,entyFe),
*** set FE tax to cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs to year given in cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs and after
loop(ttot2$(ttot2.val ge ttot.val),
p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe) = p21_FEtax_trajectory_abs(ttot,sector,entyFe) * sm_TWa_2_MWh * 1e-12;
);
*** phase-in(out) FE tax linearly before from startyear to year given in cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs
loop(ttot2$(ttot2.val eq cm_startyear),
p21_tau_fe_tax(t,regi,sector,entyFe)$(t.val lt ttot.val and t.val ge cm_startyear) = (p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe) - p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe))/(ttot.val - ttot2.val) * (t.val - ttot2.val) + p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe);
);
);
$endif.fetax
*** FS: switch cm_FEtax_trajectory_rel to scale tax trajectory relative to tax in cm_startyear (overwrites cm_fetaxscen settings for the respective taxes affected),
$ifthen.fetaxRel not "%cm_FEtax_trajectory_rel%" == "off"
loop((ttot,sector,entyFe)$p21_FEtax_trajectory_rel(ttot,sector,entyFe),
loop(ttot2$(ttot2.val eq cm_startyear),
*** set FE tax to cm_FEtax_trajectory_rel * FE tax level of cm_startyear in year given in cm_FEtax_trajectory_rel and after
loop(ttot3$(ttot3.val ge ttot.val),
p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot3,regi,sector,entyFe) = p21_FEtax_trajectory_rel(ttot,sector,entyFe) * p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe);
);
*** increase or decrease FE tax level linearily before
p21_tau_fe_tax(t,regi,sector,entyFe)$(t.val lt ttot.val and t.val ge cm_startyear) = (p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot,regi,sector,entyFe) - p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe))/(ttot.val - ttot2.val) * (t.val - ttot2.val) + p21_tau_fe_tax(ttot2,regi,sector,entyFe);
);
);
$endif.fetaxRel
display p21_tau_fe_sub;
display p21_tau_fe_tax;
display p21_tau_pe2se_sub, p21_tau_fuEx_sub;
*** SE Tax
p21_tau_SE_tax(t,regi,te) = 0;
$ifThen.SEtaxRampUpParam not "%cm_SEtaxRampUpParam%" == "off"
*** SE tax is currently used to tax electricity going into electrolysis. There is a maximum tax rate that is assumed
*** to be the sum of the industry electricity FE tax and the investment cost per unit electricity of the grid (grid fee).
*** There is a ramp up of the SE electricity tax for electrolysis depending on the share of electrolysis in total electricity demand
*** described by a logistic function. This results in low taxes for electrolysis at low shares of electrolysis in the power system
*** as the technology has system benefits in this domain. At higher shares this rapidly increases and converges towards the maximum tax rate.
*** See the equations file of the tax module for more information on the SE tax.
*** Parameter datainput needs to happen here because pm_tau_fe_tax, the final energy tax rate, is set in this file and not in the datainput file.
p21_tau_SE_tax(t,regi,"elh2") = p21_tau_fe_tax(t,regi,"indst","feels")
*** calculate grid fees as levelized cost of CAPEX from tdels, the electricity transmission and distribution grid
*** by annualising the CAPEX and dividing by the capacity factor
+ pm_inco0_t(t,regi,"tdels")
* pm_teAnnuity("tdels")
/ pm_cf(t,regi,"tdels");
$endif.SEtaxRampUpParam
*LB* initialization of vm_emiMac
vm_emiMac.l(ttot,regi,enty) = 0;
*LB* initialization of v21_emiALLco2neg
v21_emiALLco2neg.l(ttot,regi) =0;
*DK initialize bioenergy tax
v21_tau_bio.l(ttot) = 0;
*** FS: initialize flexibility tax
vm_flexAdj.l(ttot,all_regi,all_te) = 0;
*** FS: set market price of good to non-zero to avoid division by zero in first iteration
pm_pvp(ttot,"good")$(pm_pvp(ttot,"good") = 0) = sm_eps;
*** initialize taxrevImport
v21_taxrevImport.l(t,regi,tradePe) = 0;
*** initialize taxrevImport
v21_taxrevChProdStartYear.l(t,regi) = 0;
*** initialize SE tax rate
v21_tau_SE_tax.l(t,regi,te)=0;
*** EOF ./modules/21_tax/on/preloop.gms