[8.18] feat: bump go to 1.24.0 (backport #6932)

[mergify]

What does this PR do?

bump go to 1.24.0

Why is it important?

should help with fips among other things

Checklist

• I have read and understood the pull request guidelines of this project.
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in ./changelog/fragments using the changelog tool
• I have added an integration test or an E2E test

Disruptive User Impact

How to test this PR locally

Related issues

Questions to ask yourself

• How are we going to support this in production?
• How are we going to measure its adoption?
• How are we going to debug this?
• What are the metrics I should take care of?
• ...

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #6932 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 79c9886 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/8.18/pr-6932
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/8.18'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 79c988688.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   .buildkite/pipeline.yml
	modified:   .go-version
	modified:   .tool-versions
	modified:   Dockerfile
	modified:   Dockerfile.skaffold
	modified:   Makefile
	modified:   changelog/fragments/1723829102-Upgrade-to-Go-1.23.0.yaml
	modified:   go.mod
	modified:   pkg/testing/runner/runner_test.go
	modified:   version/docs/version.asciidoc

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   .github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
	both modified:   .golangci.yml

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[elastic-sonarqube]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Fixed issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
No data about Coverage
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube

[elasticmachine]

💚 Build Succeeded

• Buildkite Build
• Commit: 5b4d83e

History

• 💚 Build #18245 succeeded 8bf7e27