Add Game of Life exercise (#2281)

Co-authored-by: Erik Schierboom <erik_schierboom@hotmail.com>

Author: Steffan153

exercises/game-of-life/canonical-data.json

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+{
+  "exercise": "game-of-life",
+  "cases": [
+    {
+      "uuid": "ae86ea7d-bd07-4357-90b3-ac7d256bd5c5",
+      "description": "empty matrix",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": []
+      },
+      "expected": []
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "4ea5ccb7-7b73-4281-954a-bed1b0f139a5",
+      "description": "live cells with zero live neighbors die",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [0, 0, 0],
+          [0, 1, 0],
+          [0, 0, 0]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "df245adc-14ff-4f9c-b2ae-f465ef5321b2",
+      "description": "live cells with only one live neighbor die",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [0, 0, 0],
+          [0, 1, 0],
+          [0, 1, 0]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "2a713b56-283c-48c8-adae-1d21306c80ae",
+      "description": "live cells with two live neighbors stay alive",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [1, 0, 1],
+          [1, 0, 1],
+          [1, 0, 1]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [1, 0, 1],
+        [0, 0, 0]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "86d5c5a5-ab7b-41a1-8907-c9b3fc5e9dae",
+      "description": "live cells with three live neighbors stay alive",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [0, 1, 0],
+          [1, 0, 0],
+          [1, 1, 0]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [1, 0, 0],
+        [1, 1, 0]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "015f60ac-39d8-4c6c-8328-57f334fc9f89",
+      "description": "dead cells with three live neighbors become alive",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [1, 1, 0],
+          [0, 0, 0],
+          [1, 0, 0]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [1, 1, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "2ee69c00-9d41-4b8b-89da-5832e735ccf1",
+      "description": "live cells with four or more neighbors die",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [1, 1, 1],
+          [1, 1, 1],
+          [1, 1, 1]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [1, 0, 1],
+        [0, 0, 0],
+        [1, 0, 1]
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "a79b42be-ed6c-4e27-9206-43da08697ef6",
+      "description": "bigger matrix",
+      "property": "tick",
+      "input": {
+        "matrix": [
+          [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
+          [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+          [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
+          [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
+          [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
+          [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
+          [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+          [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1]
+        ]
+      },
+      "expected": [
+        [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
+        [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
+        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+        [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1]
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

exercises/game-of-life/instructions.md

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+# Instructions
+
+After each generation, the cells interact with their eight neighbors, which are cells adjacent horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
+
+The following rules are applied to each cell:
+
+- Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives on.
+- Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors becomes a live cell.
+- All other cells die or stay dead.
+
+Given a matrix of 1s and 0s (corresponding to live and dead cells), apply the rules to each cell, and return the next generation.

exercises/game-of-life/introduction.md

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+# Introduction
+
+[Conway's Game of Life][game-of-life] is a fascinating cellular automaton created by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.
+
+The game consists of a two-dimensional grid of cells that can either be "alive" or "dead."
+
+After each generation, the cells interact with their eight neighbors via a set of rules, which define the new generation.
+
+[game-of-life]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life

exercises/game-of-life/metadata.toml

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+title = "Conway's Game of Life"
+blurb = "Implement Conway's Game of Life."
+source = "Wikipedia"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life"