hamming: Split into introduction and instructions (#2503)

Author: tasxatzial

exercises/hamming/description.md

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+# Instructions
+
+Calculate the Hamming distance between two DNA strands.
+
+We read DNA using the letters C, A, G and T.
+Two strands might look like this:
+
+    GAGCCTACTAACGGGAT
+    CATCGTAATGACGGCCT
+    ^ ^ ^  ^ ^    ^^
+
+They have 7 differences, and therefore the Hamming distance is 7.
+
+## Implementation notes
+
+The Hamming distance is only defined for sequences of equal length, so an attempt to calculate it between sequences of different lengths should not work.

exercises/hamming/instructions.md

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+# Introduction
+
+Your body is made up of cells that contain DNA.
+Those cells regularly wear out and need replacing, which they achieve by dividing into daughter cells.
+In fact, the average human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime!
+
+When cells divide, their DNA replicates too.
+Sometimes during this process mistakes happen and single pieces of DNA get encoded with the incorrect information.
+If we compare two strands of DNA and count the differences between them, we can see how many mistakes occurred.
+This is known as the "Hamming distance".
+
+The Hamming distance is useful in many areas of science, not just biology, so it's a nice phrase to be familiar with :)