pig-latin: clarify instructions

exercises/pig-latin/instructions.md

@@ -1,10 +1,46 @@
 # Instructions
 
-Your task is to translate text from English to Pig Latin using the following rules:
-
-- **Rule 1**: If a word begins with a vowel sound, add an "ay" sound to the end of the word (e.g. "apple" -> "appleay").
-  Please note that "xr" and "yt" at the beginning of a word make vowel sounds (e.g. "xray" -> "xrayay", "yttria" -> "yttriaay").
-- **Rule 2**: If a word begins with a consonant sound, move it to the end of the word and then add an "ay" sound to the end of the word (e.g. "pig" -> "igpay").
-  Consonant sounds can be made up of multiple consonants, such as the "ch" in "chair" or "st" in "stand" (e.g. "chair" -> "airchay").
-- **Rule 3**: If a word starts with a consonant sound followed by "qu", move them to the end of the word, and then add an "ay" sound to the end of the word (e.g. "square" -> "aresquay").
-- **Rule 4**: If a word contains a "y" after a consonant cluster or as the second letter in a two letter word it makes a vowel sound (e.g. "rhythm" -> "ythmrhay", "my" -> "ymay").
+Your task is to translate text from English to Pig Latin.
+The translation is defined using four rules, which look at the pattern of vowels and consonants at the beginning of a word.
+These rules look at each word's use of vowels and consonants:
+
+- vowels: the letters `a`, `e`, `i`, `o`, and `u`
+- consonants: the other 21 letters of the English alphabet
+
+## Rule 1
+
+If a word begins with a vowel, or starts with `"xr"` or `"yt"`, add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"apple"` -> `"appleay"` (starts with vowel)
+- `"xray"` -> `"xrayay"` (starts with `"xr"`)
+- `"yttria"` -> `"yttriaay"` (starts with `"yt"`)
+
+## Rule 2
+
+If a word begins with a one or more consonants, first move those consonants to the end of the word and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"pig"` -> `"igp"` -> `"igpay"` (starts with single consonant)
+- `"chair"` -> `"airch"` -> `"airchay"` (starts with multiple consonants)
+- `"thrush"` -> -> `"ushthr"` `"ushthray"` (starts with multiple consonants)
+
+## Rule 3
+
+If a word starts with zero or more consonants followed by `"qu"`, first move those consonants (if any) and the `"qu"` part to the end of the word, and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"quick"` -> `"ickqu"` -> `"ay"` (starts with `"qu"`, no preceding consonants)
+- `"square"` -> `"aresqu"` -> `"aresquay"` (starts with one consonant followed by `"qu`")
+
+## Rule 4
+
+If a word starts with one or more consonants followed by `"y"`, first move the consonants preceding the `"y"`to the end of the word, and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+Some examples:
+
+- `"my"` -> `"ym"` -> `"ymay"` (starts with single consonant followed by `"y"`)
+- `"rhythm"` -> `"ythmrh"` -> `"ythmrhay"` (starts with multiple consonants followed by `"y"`)