diff --git a/piv/pcsc_test.go b/piv/pcsc_test.go
index b361753..cfb6bfe 100644
--- a/piv/pcsc_test.go
+++ b/piv/pcsc_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func runContextTest(t *testing.T, f func(t *testing.T, c *scContext)) {
-	ctx, err := newSCContext()
+	ctx, err := newSCContext(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("creating context: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/piv/pcsc_trace.go b/piv/pcsc_trace.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b40f4fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/piv/pcsc_trace.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//	https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package piv
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// ClientTrace is a set of hooks to run at various stages pcsc calls.
+// Any particular hook may be nil. Functions may be
+// called concurrently from different goroutines and some may be called
+// after the request has completed or failed.
+//
+// ClientTrace is adapted from httptrace.ClientTrace.
+// ClientTrace currently traces a single pcsc call, providing the apdus
+// that were sent.
+type ClientTrace struct {
+	// Transmit is called before an APDU is transmitted to the card.
+	// The byte array is the complete contents of the request being sent to
+	// SCardTransmit.
+	// Transmit is called from scTx.
+	Transmit func(req []byte)
+
+	// TransmitResult is called afterr an APDU is transmitted to the card.
+	// req is the contents of the request.
+	// resp is the contents of the response.
+	// respN is the number of bytes returned in the response.
+	// s1,sw2 are the last 2 bytes of the response.
+	// sw1,sw2 are the contents of last 2 bytes of the response.
+	// an apduErr contains sw1,sw2.
+	// if sw1==0x61, there is more data.
+	// TransmitResult is called from scTx.
+	TransmitResult func(req, resp []byte, respN int, sw1, sw2 byte)
+}
+
+// unique type to prevent assignment.
+type clientEventContextKey struct{}
+
+// ContextClientTrace returns the [ClientTrace] associated with the
+// provided context. If none, it returns nil.
+func ContextClientTrace(ctx context.Context) *ClientTrace {
+	trace, _ := ctx.Value(clientEventContextKey{}).(*ClientTrace)
+	return trace
+}
+
+// compose modifies t such that it respects the previously-registered hooks in old,
+// subject to the composition policy requested in t.Compose.
+func (t *ClientTrace) compose(old *ClientTrace) {
+	if old == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	tv := reflect.ValueOf(t).Elem()
+	ov := reflect.ValueOf(old).Elem()
+	structType := tv.Type()
+	for i := 0; i < structType.NumField(); i++ {
+		tf := tv.Field(i)
+		hookType := tf.Type()
+		if hookType.Kind() != reflect.Func {
+			continue
+		}
+		of := ov.Field(i)
+		if of.IsNil() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if tf.IsNil() {
+			tf.Set(of)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Make a copy of tf for tf to call. (Otherwise it
+		// creates a recursive call cycle and stack overflows)
+		tfCopy := reflect.ValueOf(tf.Interface())
+
+		// We need to call both tf and of in some order.
+		newFunc := reflect.MakeFunc(hookType, func(args []reflect.Value) []reflect.Value {
+			tfCopy.Call(args)
+			return of.Call(args)
+		})
+		tv.Field(i).Set(newFunc)
+	}
+}
+
+// WithClientTrace returns a new context based on the provided parent
+// ctx. HTTP client requests made with the returned context will use
+// the provided trace hooks, in addition to any previous hooks
+// registered with ctx. Any hooks defined in the provided trace will
+// be called first.
+func WithClientTrace(ctx context.Context, trace *ClientTrace) context.Context {
+	if trace == nil {
+		panic("nil trace")
+	}
+	old := ContextClientTrace(ctx)
+	trace.compose(old)
+
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, clientEventContextKey{}, trace)
+
+	return ctx
+}
diff --git a/piv/pcsc_unix.go b/piv/pcsc_unix.go
index a43d259..9c432e5 100644
--- a/piv/pcsc_unix.go
+++ b/piv/pcsc_unix.go
@@ -42,16 +42,17 @@ import (
 const rcSuccess = C.SCARD_S_SUCCESS
 
 type scContext struct {
-	ctx C.SCARDCONTEXT
+	ctx   C.SCARDCONTEXT
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
-func newSCContext() (*scContext, error) {
+func newSCContext(trace *ClientTrace) (*scContext, error) {
 	var ctx C.SCARDCONTEXT
 	rc := C.SCardEstablishContext(C.SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, nil, nil, &ctx)
 	if err := scCheck(rc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scContext{ctx: ctx}, nil
+	return &scContext{ctx: ctx, trace: trace}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *scContext) Close() error {
@@ -88,8 +89,14 @@ func (c *scContext) ListReaders() ([]string, error) {
 	return readers, nil
 }
 
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (c *scContext) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	c.trace = clientTrace
+}
+
 type scHandle struct {
-	h C.SCARDHANDLE
+	h     C.SCARDHANDLE
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
 func (c *scContext) Connect(reader string) (*scHandle, error) {
@@ -103,7 +110,12 @@ func (c *scContext) Connect(reader string) (*scHandle, error) {
 	if err := scCheck(rc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scHandle{handle}, nil
+	return &scHandle{h: handle, trace: c.trace}, nil
+}
+
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (h *scHandle) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	h.trace = clientTrace
 }
 
 func (h *scHandle) Close() error {
@@ -112,23 +124,35 @@ func (h *scHandle) Close() error {
 
 type scTx struct {
 	h C.SCARDHANDLE
+	// If trace is not nil, then trace.Transmit and trace.TransmitResult will be called.
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
 func (h *scHandle) Begin() (*scTx, error) {
 	if err := scCheck(C.SCardBeginTransaction(h.h)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scTx{h.h}, nil
+	return &scTx{h.h, nil}, nil
 }
 
 func (t *scTx) Close() error {
 	return scCheck(C.SCardEndTransaction(t.h, C.SCARD_LEAVE_CARD))
 }
 
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (t *scTx) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	t.trace = clientTrace
+}
+
 func (t *scTx) transmit(req []byte) (more bool, b []byte, err error) {
 	var resp [C.MAX_BUFFER_SIZE_EXTENDED]byte
 	reqN := C.DWORD(len(req))
 	respN := C.DWORD(len(resp))
+
+	if t.trace != nil && t.trace.Transmit != nil {
+		t.trace.Transmit(req[:])
+	}
+
 	rc := C.SCardTransmit(
 		t.h,
 		C.SCARD_PCI_T1,
@@ -142,6 +166,11 @@ func (t *scTx) transmit(req []byte) (more bool, b []byte, err error) {
 	}
 	sw1 := resp[respN-2]
 	sw2 := resp[respN-1]
+
+	if t.trace != nil && t.trace.TransmitResult != nil {
+		t.trace.TransmitResult(req[:], resp[:respN], int(respN), sw1, sw2)
+	}
+
 	if sw1 == 0x90 && sw2 == 0x00 {
 		return false, resp[:respN-2], nil
 	}
diff --git a/piv/pcsc_windows.go b/piv/pcsc_windows.go
index 845194f..00d984b 100644
--- a/piv/pcsc_windows.go
+++ b/piv/pcsc_windows.go
@@ -54,10 +54,11 @@ func isRCNoReaders(rc uintptr) bool {
 }
 
 type scContext struct {
-	ctx syscall.Handle
+	ctx   syscall.Handle
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
-func newSCContext() (*scContext, error) {
+func newSCContext(trace *ClientTrace) (*scContext, error) {
 	var ctx syscall.Handle
 
 	r0, _, _ := procSCardEstablishContext.Call(
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ func newSCContext() (*scContext, error) {
 	if err := scCheck(r0); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scContext{ctx: ctx}, nil
+	return &scContext{ctx: ctx, trace: trace}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *scContext) Close() error {
@@ -142,11 +143,17 @@ func (c *scContext) Connect(reader string) (*scHandle, error) {
 	if err := scCheck(r0); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scHandle{handle}, nil
+	return &scHandle{handle: handle, trace: c.trace}, nil
+}
+
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (c *scContext) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	c.trace = clientTrace
 }
 
 type scHandle struct {
 	handle syscall.Handle
+	trace  *ClientTrace
 }
 
 func (h *scHandle) Close() error {
@@ -159,7 +166,7 @@ func (h *scHandle) Begin() (*scTx, error) {
 	if err := scCheck(r0); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &scTx{h.handle}, nil
+	return &scTx{h.handle, nil}, nil
 }
 
 func (t *scTx) Close() error {
@@ -167,14 +174,31 @@ func (t *scTx) Close() error {
 	return scCheck(r0)
 }
 
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (h *scHandle) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	h.trace = clientTrace
+}
+
 type scTx struct {
 	handle syscall.Handle
+	// If trace is not nil, then trace.Transmit and trace.TransmitResult will be called.
+	trace *ClientTrace
+}
+
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (t *scTx) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	t.trace = clientTrace
 }
 
 func (t *scTx) transmit(req []byte) (more bool, b []byte, err error) {
 	var resp [maxBufferSizeExtended]byte
 	reqN := len(req)
 	respN := len(resp)
+
+	if t.trace != nil && t.trace.Transmit != nil {
+		t.trace.Transmit(req[:])
+	}
+
 	r0, _, _ := procSCardTransmit.Call(
 		uintptr(t.handle),
 		uintptr(scardPCIT1),
@@ -193,6 +217,11 @@ func (t *scTx) transmit(req []byte) (more bool, b []byte, err error) {
 	}
 	sw1 := resp[respN-2]
 	sw2 := resp[respN-1]
+
+	if t.trace != nil && t.trace.TransmitResult != nil {
+		t.trace.TransmitResult(req[:], resp[:respN], int(respN), sw1, sw2)
+	}
+
 	if sw1 == 0x90 && sw2 == 0x00 {
 		return false, resp[:respN-2], nil
 	}
diff --git a/piv/piv.go b/piv/piv.go
index a351665..4bd6dee 100644
--- a/piv/piv.go
+++ b/piv/piv.go
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ type YubiKey struct {
 	// YubiKey's version or PIV version? A NEO reports v1.0.4. Figure this out
 	// before exposing an API.
 	version *version
+
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
 // Close releases the connection to the smart card.
@@ -125,7 +127,28 @@ func (yk *YubiKey) Close() error {
 	return err1
 }
 
-// Open connects to a YubiKey smart card.
+// WithClientTrace can be passed an instance of ClientTrace to trace the apdu's sent.
+func (yk *YubiKey) WithClientTrace(clientTrace *ClientTrace) {
+	yk.trace = clientTrace
+	yk.ctx.WithClientTrace(clientTrace)
+	yk.h.WithClientTrace(clientTrace)
+	yk.tx.WithClientTrace(clientTrace)
+}
+
+// Client allows a yubikey to be opened with tracing.
+type Client struct {
+	Trace *ClientTrace
+}
+
+func (p *Client) Open(card string) (*YubiKey, error) {
+	c := client{
+		Rand:  nil,
+		trace: p.Trace,
+	}
+
+	return c.Open(card)
+}
+
 func Open(card string) (*YubiKey, error) {
 	var c client
 	return c.Open(card)
@@ -137,11 +160,12 @@ type client struct {
 	// Rand is a cryptographic source of randomness used for card challenges.
 	//
 	// If nil, defaults to crypto.Rand.
-	Rand io.Reader
+	Rand  io.Reader
+	trace *ClientTrace
 }
 
 func (c *client) Cards() ([]string, error) {
-	ctx, err := newSCContext()
+	ctx, err := newSCContext(c.trace)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connecting to pcsc: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -150,7 +174,7 @@ func (c *client) Cards() ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *client) Open(card string) (*YubiKey, error) {
-	ctx, err := newSCContext()
+	ctx, err := newSCContext(c.trace)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connecting to smart card daemon: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -164,6 +188,7 @@ func (c *client) Open(card string) (*YubiKey, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("beginning smart card transaction: %w", err)
 	}
+
 	if err := ykSelectApplication(tx, aidPIV[:]); err != nil {
 		tx.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("selecting piv applet: %w", err)