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Added terraform scripts for provisioning an app service plan containing an Azure Web App. Implemented our server API, which is deployed to Azure Web Apps on push to main via a GitHub Actions Workflow script generated by Azure.
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‎.github/workflows/main_hvalfangstlinuxwebapp.yml

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# Docs for the Azure Web Apps Deploy action: https://github.com/Azure/webapps-deploy
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# More GitHub Actions for Azure: https://github.com/Azure/actions
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# More info on Python, GitHub Actions, and Azure App Service: https://aka.ms/python-webapps-actions
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name: Build and deploy Python app to Azure Web App - hvalfangstlinuxwebapp
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on:
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push:
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branches:
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- main
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workflow_dispatch:
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jobs:
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build:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Set up Python version
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uses: actions/setup-python@v5
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with:
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python-version: '3.10'
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- name: Create and start virtual environment
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run: |
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python -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: pip install -r server/requirements.txt
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# Optional: Add step to run tests here (PyTest, Django test suites, etc.)
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- name: Zip artifact for deployment
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run: cd server && zip -r ../release.zip ./*
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- name: Upload artifact for deployment jobs
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uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
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with:
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name: python-app
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path: |
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release.zip
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!venv/
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deploy:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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needs: build
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environment:
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name: 'Production'
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url: ${{ steps.deploy-to-webapp.outputs.webapp-url }}
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permissions:
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id-token: write #This is required for requesting the JWT
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env:
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HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID }}
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HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID }}
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steps:
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- name: Download artifact from build job
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uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
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with:
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name: python-app
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- name: Unzip artifact for deployment
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run: unzip release.zip -d .
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- name: Login to Azure
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uses: azure/login@v2
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with:
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client-id: ${{ secrets.AZUREAPPSERVICE_CLIENTID_40531D048E714BC9BF1FF2DB2DD35753 }}
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tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZUREAPPSERVICE_TENANTID_336AC753681745D78B7B262945914F63 }}
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subscription-id: ${{ secrets.AZUREAPPSERVICE_SUBSCRIPTIONID_97162121CF214550B81AF6E0B11ADA2C }}
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- name: Check and set environment variables on Azure App Service if not already set
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run: |
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# Check for HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID and set it if missing
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existing_tenant_id=$(az webapp config appsettings list --name hvalfangstlinuxwebapp \
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--resource-group hvalfangstresourcegroup \
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--query "[?name=='HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID'].value" \
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--output tsv)
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if [ -z "$existing_tenant_id" ]; then
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echo "Setting HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID..."
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az webapp config appsettings set --name hvalfangstlinuxwebapp \
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--resource-group hvalfangstresourcegroup \
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--settings HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID=${{ secrets.HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID }}
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else
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echo "HVALFANGST_TENANT_ID is already set."
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fi
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# Check for HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID and set it if missing
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existing_client_id=$(az webapp config appsettings list --name hvalfangstlinuxwebapp \
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--resource-group hvalfangstresourcegroup \
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--query "[?name=='HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID'].value" \
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--output tsv)
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if [ -z "$existing_client_id" ]; then
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echo "Setting HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID..."
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az webapp config appsettings set --name hvalfangstlinuxwebapp \
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--resource-group hvalfangstresourcegroup \
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--settings HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID=${{ secrets.HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID }}
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else
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echo "HVALFANGST_API_SERVER_CLIENT_ID is already set."
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fi
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- name: 'Deploy to Azure Web App'
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uses: azure/webapps-deploy@v3
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id: deploy-to-webapp
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with:
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app-name: 'hvalfangstlinuxwebapp'
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slot-name: 'Production'

‎.gitignore

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/.env_oauth
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/infra/terraform.tfvars
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/.idea/.gitignore
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/infra/.terraform.lock.hcl
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/.idea/azure-oauth2-auth-code-flow-fastapi.iml
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/.idea/azure-oauth2-auth-code-flow-fastapi2.iml
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/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
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/infra/.terraform/providers/registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm/4.4.0/windows_amd64/LICENSE.txt
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/.idea/misc.xml
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/.idea/modules.xml
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/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
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/pu.xml
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/infra/terraform.tfstate
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/infra/terraform.tfstate.backup
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/infra/.terraform/providers/registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm/4.4.0/windows_amd64/terraform-provider-azurerm_v4.4.0_x5.exe
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/.idea/vcs.xml

‎README.md

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# oauth
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# Azure OAuth2 OIDC Auth Code Flow demonstration
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The goal of this repository is to demonstrate how to incorporate [OAuth 2.0](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749) on Azure **WITHOUT** the use of [MSAL](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/msal-overview) for educational purposes.
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In a production environment one should **ALWAYS** use MSAL or similar battle-tested libraries, but it is vital for any engineer to understand what is going on under the hood instead of just blindly calling a library which
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automagically solves all your needs.
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The repo contains code for both the client and the server. The client is utilizing [OpenID Connect (OIDC)](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/protocols/openid-connect-protocol) with
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Auth code flow. A comprehensive step-by-step guide is included on how to register the client and server on Azure Entra ID.
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## Requirements
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- **Platform**: x86-64, Linux/WSL
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- **Programming Language**: [Python 3](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
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- **Azure Account**: Access to [Azure Subscription](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/purchase-options/azure-account)
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- **IAC Tool**: [Terraform](https://www.terraform.io/)
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## Allocate resources
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The script [up](up.sh) provisions Azure resources by applying our [Terraform script](infra/terraform.tf).
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It is necessary to create a file named **terraform.tfvars** in the [infra](infra) directory. This file holds sensitive information
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necessary for terraform to be able to interact with your cloud resources, namely that of your tenant and subscription id.
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An exemption for this file has been added in our [.gitignore](.gitignore) so that you do not accidentally commit it.
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The file structure is as follows:
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![screenshot](images/terraform_tfvars.png)
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## Set up CI/CD via Deployment Center
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Now that we have our new Web App resource up and running on Azure, we may proceed to set up our means of deploying our code to the
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aforementioned Web App. We will do so by connecting our Web App to our GitHub repository. Azure Web Apps has the ability
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to create a fully fledged CI/CD pipeline in the form of a GitHub Action Workflows script, which it commits on our behalf. As part of this pipeline a managed identify
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will be created in Azure in order to authenticate requests. Secrets will be automatically created and referenced in the CI/CD script by Azure.
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Click on the **Deployment Center** section under the **Deployment** blade. Choose GitHub as source and set the appropriate organization, repository and branch.
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For authentication keep it as is (user-assigned identity). Click on the **Save** button in the top left corner.
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![screenshot](images/deployment_center.png)
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After the changes have persisted, navigate to your GitHub repository. A new commit which contains the CI/CD workflows file should be present. As mentioned earlier,
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this has been committed by Azure on our behalf.
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![screenshot](images/github_workflow_commit.png)
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Navigate to the bottom of the workflow file. Take notice of the three secrets being referenced.
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![screenshot](images/github_workflow_secrets.png)
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If you navigate to your secrets and variables associated with your GitHub Actions you will see that there are three new secrets, the same referenced above. Again,
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these have been set by Azure on your behalf in order to set up authentication with our managed identity which was created as part of the Deployment Center rollout.
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For the CI/CD workflow script to actually work, we have to make some adjustments. Remember, this repo contains code for both the client and server -
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which are located in their own directories. The autogenerated script assumes that the files are located in the root folder, which is not the case here.
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Thus, we need to change the script to reference files located under the server directory, as we are to deploy our server.
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The final pipeline definition should look like [this](.github/workflows/main_hvalfangstlinuxwebapp.yml).
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## Deploy API
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In order to deploy our code to our Azure Web App slot, we need to trigger the newly registered GitHub Actions Workflow manually. Head over to the **Actions** section of your repository. Click on the **Run workflow** button located in the right corner.
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![screenshot](images/github_actions.png)
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Running said action should result in the following:
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![screenshot](images/github_actions_dispatched_task.png)
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Navigate to the **Deployment Center** section of your Azure Web App. A new deployment will be visible. Commit author and message will be equal to that of GitHub.
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![screenshot](images/deployment_center_post_action.png)
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Now that we know that it deployed successfully it is finally time to access the API. Click on URI associated with **Default Domain**
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![screenshot](images/overview_default_domain.png)
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You will be prompted with the following default page, which indicates that the API is up and running.
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![screenshot](images/firefox_api_home.png)
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## Register API on Azure AD
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Now that we have deployed our API to Azure Web Apps, we need to register it on Microsoft Entra ID.
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### Create a new app registration
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Navigate to the **App registrations** blade and click on **New registration** button in the top left tab
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![screenshot](images/azuread_app_registrations.png)
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![screenshot](images/azure_entra_id_register_hvalfangst_server_api.png)
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![screenshot](images/hvalfangst_server_api_app_registration.png)
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### Expose API
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![screenshot](images/hvalfangst_server_api_expose_api.png)
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![screenshot](images/hvalfangst_server_api_add_scope.png)
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![screenshot](images/hvalfangst_server_api_all_scopes.png)
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## Running API
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```bash
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python -m uvicorn app.main:app --reload
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```

‎client/__init__.py

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# client/__init__.py

‎client/config/__init__.py

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# client/config/__init__.py
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from .oauth import oauth_settings
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__all__ = ["oauth_settings"]

‎client/config/oauth.py

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# client/config/oauth.py
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from dotenv import load_dotenv
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from fastapi import HTTPException
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from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
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from client import logger
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load_dotenv()
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class OAuthSettings(BaseSettings):
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AZURE_CLIENT_ID: str
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AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET: str
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AZURE_TENANT_ID: str
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API_SCOPE: str
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REDIRECT_URI: str
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class Config:
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env_file = ".env_oauth"
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def initialize_oauth_settings():
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try:
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# Create an instance of OAuthSettings
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internal_oauth_settings = OAuthSettings()
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# Check if the required OAuth fields are set
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if not internal_oauth_settings.AZURE_CLIENT_ID or not internal_oauth_settings.AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET or not internal_oauth_settings.AZURE_TENANT_ID or not internal_oauth_settings.API_SCOPE:
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logger.logger.error("One or more required OAuth environment variables are missing.")
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raise HTTPException(status_code=500,
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detail="Configuration error: Required OAuth environment variables are missing.")
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logger.logger.info("OAuth settings loaded successfully.")
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return internal_oauth_settings
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except FileNotFoundError:
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logger.logger.critical(".env file not found.")
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raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Configuration error: .env file not found.")
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except Exception as e:
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logger.logger.critical(f"Error loading OAuth settings: {e}")
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raise HTTPException(status_code=500,
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detail="Configuration error: An error occurred while loading OAuth settings.")
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# Initialize OAuth settings
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oauth_settings = initialize_oauth_settings()

‎client/logger.py

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# client/logger.py
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import logging
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# Configure logging
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logging.basicConfig(
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level=logging.INFO,
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format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
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)
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# Create a logger object that can be imported across the application
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

‎client/main.py

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# client/main.py
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from fastapi import FastAPI
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from client.routers import auth, heroes
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app = FastAPI(
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title="Hero API",
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description="An API to manage heroes secure by OAuth 2.0 auth code flow",
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version="1.0.0"
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)
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# Register the oauth and heroes router
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app.include_router(auth.router, prefix="/auth", tags=["OAuth2 Back-channel"])
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app.include_router(heroes.router, prefix="/api", tags=["Heroes"])

‎client/models/__init__.py

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# client/models/__init__.py
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from .dnd_hero import DnDHero, AbilityScores, SkillProficiencies, Equipment, Spell
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__all__ = ["DnDHero", "AbilityScores", "SkillProficiencies", "Equipment", "Spell"]

‎client/models/ability_scores.py

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# client/models/ability_scores.py
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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class AbilityScores(BaseModel):
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strength: int
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dexterity: int
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constitution: int
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intelligence: int
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wisdom: int
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charisma: int

‎client/models/dnd_hero.py

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# client/models/dnd_hero.py
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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from typing import List, Optional
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from client.models.ability_scores import AbilityScores
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from client.models.equipment import Equipment
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from client.models.skill_proficiencies import SkillProficiencies
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from client.models.spell import Spell
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class DnDHero(BaseModel):
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id: str
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name: str
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race: str
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class_: str # Avoids conflict with the Python `class` keyword
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level: int
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background: Optional[str] = None
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alignment: Optional[str] = None
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# Nested fields
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ability_scores: AbilityScores
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skill_proficiencies: SkillProficiencies
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equipment: Equipment
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spells: Optional[List[Spell]] = None # Optional, only for spellcasters
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hit_points: int
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armor_class: int
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speed: int
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# Additional optional features
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personality_traits: Optional[str] = None
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ideals: Optional[str] = None
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bonds: Optional[str] = None
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flaws: Optional[str] = None

‎client/models/equipment.py

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# client/models/equipment.py
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from typing import Optional, List
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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class Equipment(BaseModel):
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weapon: Optional[str] = None
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armor: Optional[str] = None
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items: List[str] = []

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