design:Add component certificate identification for client components

[tiansuo114]

What type of PR is this?
/kind design

What this PR does / why we need it:
This pr is about issue#6091

Previously, all Karmada components shared a set of similar certificates. In this case, we cannot identify the request source by the certificate used in the request, which may lead to some ambiguities. This PR aims to propose a design for testing purposes so that once we confirm there are no issues with the implementation, we can synchronize it to the deployment methods used in production environments, such as in karmadactl and karmada-operator.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #6091

Special notes for your reviewer:
@XiShanYongYe-Chang
@zhzhuang-zju

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

[karmada-bot]

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 47.94%. Comparing base (4c7c15a) to head (5c05f1f).
Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #6246      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   47.96%   47.94%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         676      676              
  Lines       55974    55971       -3     
==========================================
- Hits        26849    26838      -11     
- Misses      27354    27360       +6     
- Partials     1771     1773       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	47.94% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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[tiansuo114]

Due to the community discussion that some of the current modification proposal is not reasonable, the content of this pr is temporarily abandoned, and the part of script changes to the issueare merged into the pr