Improve CLI for owners in bash tests (#3388)

## Motivation

Allow removing the hard-coded OWNER variables from README tests

## Proposal

Make sure to return the owner on stdout every time the CLI generates a
key pair.

## Test Plan

I modified the main README file.

## Links

Continues #3385

README.md

@@ -93,8 +93,15 @@ export LINERA_STORAGE="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client.db"
 linera wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
 
 # Request chains.
-CHAIN1=$(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL | head -n 1)
-CHAIN2=$(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL | head -n 1)
+INFO1=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO2=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN1="${INFO1[0]}"
+ACCOUNT1="User:${INFO1[3]}"
+CHAIN2="${INFO2[0]}"
+ACCOUNT2="User:${INFO2[3]}"
+
+# Show the different chains tracked by the wallet.
+linera wallet show
 
 # Query the chain balance of some of the chains.
 linera query-balance "$CHAIN1"
@@ -107,6 +114,16 @@ linera transfer 5 --from "$CHAIN2" --to "$CHAIN1"
 # Query balances again.
 linera query-balance "$CHAIN1"
 linera query-balance "$CHAIN2"
+
+# Now let's fund the user balances.
+linera transfer 5 --from "$CHAIN1" --to "$CHAIN1:$ACCOUNT1"
+linera transfer 2 --from "$CHAIN1:$ACCOUNT1" --to "$CHAIN2:$ACCOUNT2"
+
+# Query user balances again.
+linera query-balance "$CHAIN1:$ACCOUNT1"
+linera query-balance "$CHAIN2:$ACCOUNT2"
+
+# TODO(#1713): The syntax `User:$OWNER` for user accounts will change in the future.
 ```
 
 More complex examples may be found in our [developer manual](https://linera.dev) as well

examples/amm/README.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ It supports the following operations. All operations need to be executed remotel
 
 Before getting started, make sure that the binary tools `linera*` corresponding to
 your version of `linera-sdk` are in your PATH. For scripting purposes, we also assume
-that the BASH function `linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables` is defined.
+that the BASH function `linera_spawn` is defined.
 
 From the root of Linera repository, this can be achieved as follows:
 
@@ -38,22 +38,35 @@ export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
 ```
 
-To start the local Linera network:
+Next, start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
 
 ```bash
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables linera net up --testing-prng-seed 37
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
+
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-We use the test-only CLI option `--testing-prng-seed` to make keys deterministic and simplify our
-explanation.
+Create the user wallet and add chains to it:
 
 ```bash
-OWNER_1=789dcf5afb0afb9c5c473568bab33c68b83005bf7b964dc2a93e5d4368a9da1f
-OWNER_2=38e7f6b6d1887b0ea1511e04a08382577aaf551bb440ee6011966d73d19b8150
-CHAIN_1=678e9f66507069d38955b593e93ddf192a23a4087225fd307eadad44e5544ae3
-CHAIN_2=a3edc33d8e951a1139333be8a4b56646b5598a8f51216e86592d881808972b07
-CHAIN_AMM=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8
-OWNER_AMM=de166237331a2966d8cf6778e81a8c007b4084be80dc1e0409d51f216c1deaa1
+export LINERA_WALLET="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client.db"
+
+linera wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_1=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO_2=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO_AMM=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+CHAIN_2="${INFO_2[0]}"
+CHAIN_AMM="${INFO_AMM[0]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
+OWNER_2="${INFO_2[3]}"
+OWNER_AMM="${INFO_AMM[3]}"
 ```
 
 Now we have to publish and create the fungible applications. The flag `--wait-for-outgoing-messages` waits until a quorum of validators has confirmed that all sent cross-chain messages have been delivered.

examples/counter/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ application would give us 4 (1+3 = 4).
 
 Before getting started, make sure that the binary tools `linera*` corresponding to
 your version of `linera-sdk` are in your PATH. For scripting purposes, we also assume
-that the BASH function `linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables` is defined.
+that the BASH function `linera_spawn` is defined.
 
 From the root of Linera repository, this can be achieved as follows:
 
@@ -27,18 +27,29 @@ export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
 ```
 
-To start the local Linera network:
+Next, start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
 
 ```bash
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables linera net up --testing-prng-seed 37
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
+
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-We use the test-only CLI option `--testing-prng-seed` to make keys deterministic and simplify our
-explanation.
+Create the user wallet and add chains to it:
 
 ```bash
-CHAIN_1=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8
-OWNER_1=de166237331a2966d8cf6778e81a8c007b4084be80dc1e0409d51f216c1deaa1
+export LINERA_WALLET="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client.db"
+
+linera wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_1=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
 ```
 
 Now, compile the `counter` application WebAssembly binaries, publish and create an application instance.

examples/crowd-funding/README.md

@@ -42,40 +42,50 @@ The WebAssembly binaries for the bytecode can be built and published using [step
 book](https://linera.dev/developers/getting_started.html),
 summarized below.
 
-Set up the path and the helper function.
+Set up the path and the helper function. From the root of Linera repository, this can be
+achieved as follows:
 
 ```bash
-export PATH=$PWD/target/debug:$PATH
+export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
 ```
 
-Using the helper function defined by `linera net helper`, set up a local network with two
-wallets, and define variables holding their wallet paths (`$LINERA_WALLET_0`,
-`$LINERA_WALLET_1`) and storage paths (`$LINERA_STORAGE_0`, `$LINERA_STORAGE_1`). These
-variables are named according to a convention that we can access using `--with-wallet $n`
-to use the variable `LINERA_WALLET_$n` and `LINERA_STORAGE_$n`; e.g.
-`linera --with-wallet 0` is equivalent to
-`linera --wallet "$LINERA_WALLET_0" --storage "$LINERA_STORAGE_0"`.
+Start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
 
 ```bash
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables \
-    linera net up \
-        --extra-wallets 1 \
-        --testing-prng-seed 37
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
+
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-We use the `--testing-prng-seed` argument to ensure that the chain and owner IDs are
-predictable.
+Create the user wallets and add chains to them:
 
 ```bash
-CHAIN_0=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8
-OWNER_0=de166237331a2966d8cf6778e81a8c007b4084be80dc1e0409d51f216c1deaa1
-CHAIN_1=582843bc9322ed1928239ce3f6a855f6cd9ea94c8690907f113d6d7a8296a119
-OWNER_1=849baa540589d95e167d2622018fa341553bf2aff9f328d760443282c6654deb
+export LINERA_WALLET_0="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet_0.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE_0="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client_0.db"
+export LINERA_WALLET_1="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet_1.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE_1="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client_1.db"
+
+linera --with-wallet 0 wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+linera --with-wallet 1 wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_0=($(linera --with-wallet 0 wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO_1=($(linera --with-wallet 1 wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_0="${INFO_0[0]}"
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+OWNER_0="${INFO_0[3]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
 ```
 
-Alternatively, the command below can be used to list the chains created for the test as
-known by each wallet:
+Note that `linera --with-wallet 0` is equivalent to `linera --wallet "$LINERA_WALLET_0"
+--storage "$LINERA_STORAGE_0"`.
+
+The command below can be used to list the chains created for the test as known by each
+wallet:
 
 ```bash
 linera --with-wallet 0 wallet show

examples/fungible/README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ summarized below.
 
 Before getting started, make sure that the binary tools `linera*` corresponding to
 your version of `linera-sdk` are in your PATH. For scripting purposes, we also assume
-that the BASH function `linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables` is defined.
+that the BASH function `linera_spawn` is defined.
 
 From the root of Linera repository, this can be achieved as follows:
 
@@ -42,20 +42,33 @@ export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
 ```
 
-You may also use `cargo install linera-service` and append the output of
-`linera net helper` to your `~/.bash_profile`.
-
-Now, we are ready to set up a local network with an initial wallet owning several initial
-chains. In a new BASH shell, enter:
+Next, start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
 
 ```bash
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables linera net up --testing-prng-seed 37
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
+
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-A new test network is now running and the environment variables `LINERA_WALLET` and
-`LINERA_STORAGE` are now defined for the duration of the shell session. We used the
-test-only CLI option `--testing-prng-seed` to make keys deterministic and simplify our
-presentation.
+Create the user wallet and add chains to it:
+
+```bash
+export LINERA_WALLET="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client.db"
+
+linera wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_1=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
+INFO_2=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_2="${INFO_2[0]}"
+OWNER_2="${INFO_2[3]}"
+```
 
 Now, compile the `fungible` application WebAssembly binaries, and publish them as an application
 bytecode:
@@ -87,16 +100,6 @@ A table will be shown with the chains registered in the wallet and their meta-da
 chain should be highlighted in green. Each chain has an `Owner` field, and that is what is used
 for the account.
 
-Let's define some variables corresponding to these values. (Note that owner addresses
-would not be predictable without `--testing-prng-seed` above.)
-
-```bash
-CHAIN_1=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8  # default chain for the wallet
-OWNER_1=de166237331a2966d8cf6778e81a8c007b4084be80dc1e0409d51f216c1deaa1  # owner of chain 1
-CHAIN_2=63620ea465af9e9e0e8e4dd8d21593cc3a719feac5f096df8440f90738f4dbd8  # another chain in the wallet
-OWNER_2=598d18f67709fe76ed6a36b75a7c9889012d30b896800dfd027ee10e1afd49a3  # owner of chain 2
-```
-
 The example below creates a token application on the default chain CHAIN_1 and gives the owner 100 tokens:
 
 ```bash

examples/gen-nft/README.md

@@ -26,16 +26,46 @@ For more details on the application's contract and how it manages multiple diffe
 
 ### Setting Up
 
-Most of this can be referred to the [fungible app README](https://github.com/linera-io/linera-protocol/blob/main/examples/fungible/README.md#setting-up), except for at the end when compiling and publishing the bytecode, what you'll need to do will be slightly different.
+Before getting started, make sure that the binary tools `linera*` corresponding to
+your version of `linera-sdk` are in your PATH. For scripting purposes, we also assume
+that the BASH function `linera_spawn` is defined.
+
+From the root of Linera repository, this can be achieved as follows:
 
 ```bash
 export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
+```
+
+Next, start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
+
+```bash
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
 
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables linera net up --testing-prng-seed 37
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-Compile the `non-fungible` application WebAssembly binaries, and publish them as an application bytecode:
+Create the user wallet and add chains to it:
+
+```bash
+export LINERA_WALLET="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client.db"
+
+linera wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_1=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO_2=($(linera wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+CHAIN_2="${INFO_2[0]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
+OWNER_2="${INFO_2[3]}"
+```
+
+Next, compile the `non-fungible` application WebAssembly binaries, and publish them as an application bytecode:
 
 ```bash
 (cd examples/gen-nft && cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown)
@@ -52,15 +82,6 @@ Unlike fungible tokens, each NFT is unique and identified by a unique token ID.
 
 Refer to the [fungible app README](https://github.com/linera-io/linera-protocol/blob/main/examples/fungible/README.md#creating-a-token) to figure out how to list the chains created for the test in the default wallet, as well as defining some variables corresponding to these values.
 
-```bash
-linera wallet show
-
-CHAIN_1=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8  # default chain for the wallet
-OWNER_1=de166237331a2966d8cf6778e81a8c007b4084be80dc1e0409d51f216c1deaa1  # owner of chain 1
-CHAIN_2=63620ea465af9e9e0e8e4dd8d21593cc3a719feac5f096df8440f90738f4dbd8  # another chain in the wallet
-OWNER_2=598d18f67709fe76ed6a36b75a7c9889012d30b896800dfd027ee10e1afd49a3  # owner of chain 2
-```
-
 To create the NFT application, run the command below:
 
 ```bash

examples/hex-game/README.md

@@ -25,28 +25,48 @@ does not have to wait for any other chain owner to accept any message.
 Make sure you have the `linera` binary in your `PATH`, and that it is compatible with your
 `linera-sdk` version.
 
-For scripting purposes, we also assume that the BASH function
-`linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables` is defined. From the root of Linera repository, this can
-be achieved as follows:
+For scripting purposes, we also assume that the BASH function `linera_spawn` is defined.
+From the root of Linera repository, this can be achieved as follows:
 
 ```bash
 export PATH="$PWD/target/debug:$PATH"
 source /dev/stdin <<<"$(linera net helper 2>/dev/null)"
 ```
 
-To start the local Linera network and create two wallets:
+Start the local Linera network and run a faucet:
 
 ```bash
-linera_spawn_and_read_wallet_variables linera net up --testing-prng-seed 37 --extra-wallets 1
+FAUCET_PORT=8079
+FAUCET_URL=http://localhost:$FAUCET_PORT
+linera_spawn linera net up --with-faucet --faucet-port $FAUCET_PORT
+
+# If you're using a testnet, run this instead:
+#   LINERA_TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+#   FAUCET_URL=https://faucet.testnet-XXX.linera.net  # for some value XXX
 ```
 
-We use the test-only CLI option `--testing-prng-seed` to make keys deterministic and simplify our
-explanation.
+Create the user wallets and add chains to them:
 
 ```bash
-CHAIN_1=aee928d4bf3880353b4a3cd9b6f88e6cc6e5ed050860abae439e7782e9b2dfe8
+export LINERA_WALLET_0="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet_0.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE_0="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client_0.db"
+export LINERA_WALLET_1="$LINERA_TMP_DIR/wallet_1.json"
+export LINERA_STORAGE_1="rocksdb:$LINERA_TMP_DIR/client_1.db"
+
+linera --with-wallet 0 wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+linera --with-wallet 1 wallet init --faucet $FAUCET_URL
+
+INFO_1=($(linera --with-wallet 0 wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+INFO_2=($(linera --with-wallet 1 wallet request-chain --faucet $FAUCET_URL))
+CHAIN_1="${INFO_1[0]}"
+CHAIN_2="${INFO_2[0]}"
+OWNER_1="${INFO_1[3]}"
+OWNER_2="${INFO_2[3]}"
 ```
 
+Note that `linera -with-wallet 0` or `linera -w0` is equivalent to `linera --wallet
+"$LINERA_WALLET_0" --storage "$LINERA_STORAGE_0"`.
+
 ### Creating the Game Chain
 
 We open a new chain owned by both `$OWNER_1` and `$OWNER_2`, create the application on it, and