Everdragons2Genesis-flatten.sol

// Sources flattened with hardhat v2.8.3 https://hardhat.org

// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol@v4.5.0

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721MetadataUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To initialize the implementation contract, you can either invoke the
 * initializer manually, or you can include a constructor to automatically mark it as initialized when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() initializer {}
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     */
    bool private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initializer function from being invoked twice.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // If the contract is initializing we ignore whether _initialized is set in order to support multiple
        // inheritance patterns, but we only do this in the context of a constructor, because in other contexts the
        // contract may have been reentered.
        require(_initializing ? _isConstructor() : !_initialized, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");

        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
            _initialized = true;
        }

        _;

        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} modifier, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    function _isConstructor() private view returns (bool) {
        return !AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this));
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/StringsUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library StringsUpgradeable {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165Upgradeable).interfaceId;
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/ERC721Upgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;








/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, ERC165Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable, IERC721MetadataUpgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    function __ERC721_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC721_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC721_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Upgradeable).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721MetadataUpgradeable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: balance query for the zero address");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overriden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token");

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token");
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || getApproved(tokenId) == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[owner] -= 1;
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[from] -= 1;
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits a {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[44] private __gap;
}


// File @ndujalabs/erc721playable/contracts/IERC721Playable.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Initial proposal
// https://github.com/ndujaLabs/MCIPs/blob/main/MCIPs/mcip-1.md

// Authors:
// Francesco Sullo <francesco@sullo.co>
// 'ndujaLabs, https://ndujalabs.com

/// @title IERC721Playable Cross-player On-chain Attributes
///  Version: 0.1.1
/// ERC165 interfaceId is 0xac517b2e
interface IERC721Playable /* is IERC165 */ {
  /// @dev Emitted when the attributes for a token id and a player is set.
  event AttributesSet(uint256 indexed _tokenId, address indexed _player, Attributes _attributes);

  /// @dev This struct saves info about the token.
  struct Attributes {
    // A player can change the way it manages the data, updating the version
    // If 8 bits are not enough, one attribute can be used to form a uint16
    // Alternatively, we could use the first attribute as a version, but it
    // would use the same space, making the concept less clear
    uint8 version;
    // Attributes can be immutable (for example because taken from the attributes.json)
    // or mutable, because they depends only on the player itself.
    // If a field requires more than 256 possible value, two bytes can be used for it.
    uint8[31] attributes;
  }

  /// @dev It returns the on-chain attributes of a specific token
  /// @param _tokenId The id of the token for whom to query the on-chain attributes
  /// @param _player The address of the player's contract
  /// @return The attributes of the token
  function attributesOf(uint256 _tokenId, address _player) external view returns (Attributes memory);

  /// @notice Initialize the attributes of a token
  /// @dev It must be called by the nft's owner to approve the player.
  /// To avoid that nft owners give themselves arbitrary values, they can
  /// only set an empty uint8[], with version = 1
  /// Later, the player will be able to update array and version, with the right values
  /// @param _tokenId The id of the token for whom to change the attributes
  /// @param _player The version of the attributes
  /// @return true if the initialization is successful
  function initAttributes(uint256 _tokenId, address _player) external returns (bool);

  /// @notice Sets the attributes of a token after first set up
  /// @dev It modifies attributes by id for a specific player. It must
  /// be called by the player's contract, after an NFT has been initialized.
  /// @param _tokenId The id of the token for whom to change the attributes
  /// @param _newVersion It should be changed only when introducing a new set
  /// of attributes. If set to zero, the update should be ignored.
  /// @param _indexes The indexes of the attributes to be changed
  /// @param _attributes The values of the attributes to be changed
  /// @return true if the change is successful
  function updateAttributes(
    uint256 _tokenId,
    uint8 _newVersion,
    uint256[] memory _indexes,
    uint8[] memory _attributes
  ) external returns (bool);
}


// File @ndujalabs/erc721playable/contracts/ERC721PlayableUpgradeable.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Authors:
// Francesco Sullo <francesco@sullo.co>
// 'ndujaLabs, https://ndujalabs.com

//import "hardhat/console.sol";


contract ERC721PlayableUpgradeable is IERC721Playable, ERC721Upgradeable {
  mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => Attributes)) internal _attributes;

  function __ERC721Playable_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal initializer {
    __ERC721_init(name_, symbol_);
  }

  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address _from,
    address _to,
    uint256 _tokenId
  ) internal virtual override(ERC721Upgradeable) {
    super._beforeTokenTransfer(_from, _to, _tokenId);
  }

  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
    return interfaceId == type(IERC721Playable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
  }

  function attributesOf(uint256 _tokenId, address _player) public view override returns (Attributes memory) {
    return _attributes[_tokenId][_player];
  }

  function _emptyAttributesArray() internal pure returns (uint8[31] memory) {
    uint8[31] memory arr;
    return arr;
  }

  function initAttributes(uint256 _tokenId, address _player) external override returns (bool) {
    // called by the nft's owner
    require(_exists(_tokenId), "ERC721Playable: token not found");
    require(ownerOf(_tokenId) == _msgSender(), "ERC721Playable: not the token owner");
    require(_attributes[_tokenId][_msgSender()].version == 0, "ERC721Playable: player already initialized");
    _attributes[_tokenId][_player] = Attributes({version: 1, attributes: _emptyAttributesArray()});
    return true;
  }

  function updateAttributes(
    uint256 _tokenId,
    uint8 _newVersion,
    uint256[] memory _indexes,
    uint8[] memory _values
  ) public override returns (bool) {
    // called by a previously initiated player
    require(_exists(_tokenId), "ERC721Playable: tokenId not found");
    require(_indexes.length == _values.length, "ERC721Playable: inconsistent lengths");
    require(_attributes[_tokenId][_msgSender()].version > 0, "ERC721Playable: player not initialized");
    if (_newVersion != 0 && _newVersion != _attributes[_tokenId][_msgSender()].version) {
      _attributes[_tokenId][_msgSender()].version = _newVersion;
    }
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _indexes.length; i++) {
      _attributes[_tokenId][_msgSender()].attributes[_indexes[i]] = _values[i];
    }
    return true;
  }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC721Upgradeable, IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable {
    function __ERC721Enumerable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC721Enumerable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165Upgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[46] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/StorageSlot.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
 */
library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;





/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
 */
abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            _functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
        address newBeacon,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            _functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function _functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) private returns (bytes memory) {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return AddressUpgradeable.verifyCallResult(success, returndata, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol@v4.5.0


// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
        require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate that the this implementation remains valid after an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) external payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;

    /**
     * This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/interfaces/IWormholeStructs.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IWormholeStructs {
  struct Provider {
    uint16 chainId;
    uint16 governanceChainId;
    bytes32 governanceContract;
  }

  struct GuardianSet {
    address[] keys;
    uint32 expirationTime;
  }

  struct Signature {
    bytes32 r;
    bytes32 s;
    uint8 v;
    uint8 guardianIndex;
  }

  struct VM {
    uint8 version;
    uint32 timestamp;
    uint32 nonce;
    uint16 emitterChainId;
    bytes32 emitterAddress;
    uint64 sequence;
    uint8 consistencyLevel;
    bytes payload;
    uint32 guardianSetIndex;
    Signature[] signatures;
    bytes32 hash;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/interfaces/IWormhole.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IWormhole is IWormholeStructs {
  event LogMessagePublished(address indexed sender, uint64 sequence, uint32 nonce, bytes payload, uint8 consistencyLevel);

  function publishMessage(
    uint32 nonce,
    bytes memory payload,
    uint8 consistencyLevel
  ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

  function parseAndVerifyVM(bytes calldata encodedVM)
    external
    view
    returns (
      IWormholeStructs.VM memory vm,
      bool valid,
      string memory reason
    );

  function verifyVM(IWormholeStructs.VM memory vm) external view returns (bool valid, string memory reason);

  function verifySignatures(
    bytes32 hash,
    IWormholeStructs.Signature[] memory signatures,
    IWormholeStructs.GuardianSet memory guardianSet
  ) external pure returns (bool valid, string memory reason);

  function parseVM(bytes memory encodedVM) external pure returns (IWormholeStructs.VM memory vm);

  function getGuardianSet(uint32 index) external view returns (IWormholeStructs.GuardianSet memory);

  function getCurrentGuardianSetIndex() external view returns (uint32);

  function getGuardianSetExpiry() external view returns (uint32);

  function governanceActionIsConsumed(bytes32 hash) external view returns (bool);

  function isInitialized(address impl) external view returns (bool);

  function chainId() external view returns (uint16);

  function governanceChainId() external view returns (uint16);

  function governanceContract() external view returns (bytes32);

  function messageFee() external view returns (uint256);
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/libraries/BytesLib.sol@v0.3.0

/*
 * @title Solidity Bytes Arrays Utils
 * @author Gonçalo Sá <goncalo.sa@consensys.net>
 *
 * @dev Bytes tightly packed arrays utility library for ethereum contracts written in Solidity.
 *      The library lets you concatenate, slice and type cast bytes arrays both in memory and storage.
 */
pragma solidity >=0.8.0 <0.9.0;

library BytesLib {
  function concat(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
    bytes memory tempBytes;

    assembly {
      // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
      // Solidity does for memory variables.
      tempBytes := mload(0x40)

      // Store the length of the first bytes array at the beginning of
      // the memory for tempBytes.
      let length := mload(_preBytes)
      mstore(tempBytes, length)

      // Maintain a memory counter for the current write location in the
      // temp bytes array by adding the 32 bytes for the array length to
      // the starting location.
      let mc := add(tempBytes, 0x20)
      // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the length of the
      // first bytes array.
      let end := add(mc, length)

      for {
        // Initialize a copy counter to the start of the _preBytes data,
        // 32 bytes into its memory.
        let cc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
      } lt(mc, end) {
        // Increase both counters by 32 bytes each iteration.
        mc := add(mc, 0x20)
        cc := add(cc, 0x20)
      } {
        // Write the _preBytes data into the tempBytes memory 32 bytes
        // at a time.
        mstore(mc, mload(cc))
      }

      // Add the length of _postBytes to the current length of tempBytes
      // and store it as the new length in the first 32 bytes of the
      // tempBytes memory.
      length := mload(_postBytes)
      mstore(tempBytes, add(length, mload(tempBytes)))

      // Move the memory counter back from a multiple of 0x20 to the
      // actual end of the _preBytes data.
      mc := end
      // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the new combined
      // length of the arrays.
      end := add(mc, length)

      for {
        let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
      } lt(mc, end) {
        mc := add(mc, 0x20)
        cc := add(cc, 0x20)
      } {
        mstore(mc, mload(cc))
      }

      // Update the free-memory pointer by padding our last write location
      // to 32 bytes: add 31 bytes to the end of tempBytes to move to the
      // next 32 byte block, then round down to the nearest multiple of
      // 32. If the sum of the length of the two arrays is zero then add
      // one before rounding down to leave a blank 32 bytes (the length block with 0).
      mstore(
        0x40,
        and(
          add(add(end, iszero(add(length, mload(_preBytes)))), 31),
          not(31) // Round down to the nearest 32 bytes.
        )
      )
    }

    return tempBytes;
  }

  function concatStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal {
    assembly {
      // Read the first 32 bytes of _preBytes storage, which is the length
      // of the array. (We don't need to use the offset into the slot
      // because arrays use the entire slot.)
      let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
      // Arrays of 31 bytes or less have an even value in their slot,
      // while longer arrays have an odd value. The actual length is
      // the slot divided by two for odd values, and the lowest order
      // byte divided by two for even values.
      // If the slot is even, bitwise and the slot with 255 and divide by
      // two to get the length. If the slot is odd, bitwise and the slot
      // with -1 and divide by two.
      let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
      let mlength := mload(_postBytes)
      let newlength := add(slength, mlength)
      // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
      // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
      // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
      switch add(lt(slength, 32), lt(newlength, 32))
      case 2 {
        // Since the new array still fits in the slot, we just need to
        // update the contents of the slot.
        // uint256(bytes_storage) = uint256(bytes_storage) + uint256(bytes_memory) + new_length
        sstore(
          _preBytes.slot,
          // all the modifications to the slot are inside this
          // next block
          add(
            // we can just add to the slot contents because the
            // bytes we want to change are the LSBs
            fslot,
            add(
              mul(
                div(
                  // load the bytes from memory
                  mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)),
                  // zero all bytes to the right
                  exp(0x100, sub(32, mlength))
                ),
                // and now shift left the number of bytes to
                // leave space for the length in the slot
                exp(0x100, sub(32, newlength))
              ),
              // increase length by the double of the memory
              // bytes length
              mul(mlength, 2)
            )
          )
        )
      }
      case 1 {
        // The stored value fits in the slot, but the combined value
        // will exceed it.
        // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
        mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
        let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

        // save new length
        sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

        // The contents of the _postBytes array start 32 bytes into
        // the structure. Our first read should obtain the `submod`
        // bytes that can fit into the unused space in the last word
        // of the stored array. To get this, we read 32 bytes starting
        // from `submod`, so the data we read overlaps with the array
        // contents by `submod` bytes. Masking the lowest-order
        // `submod` bytes allows us to add that value directly to the
        // stored value.

        let submod := sub(32, slength)
        let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
        let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
        let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

        sstore(sc, add(and(fslot, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00), and(mload(mc), mask)))

        for {
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
          sc := add(sc, 1)
        } lt(mc, end) {
          sc := add(sc, 1)
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
        } {
          sstore(sc, mload(mc))
        }

        mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

        sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
      }
      default {
        // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
        mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
        // Start copying to the last used word of the stored array.
        let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

        // save new length
        sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

        // Copy over the first `submod` bytes of the new data as in
        // case 1 above.
        let slengthmod := mod(slength, 32)
        //        let mlengthmod := mod(mlength, 32)
        let submod := sub(32, slengthmod)
        let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
        let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
        let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

        sstore(sc, add(sload(sc), and(mload(mc), mask)))

        for {
          sc := add(sc, 1)
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
        } lt(mc, end) {
          sc := add(sc, 1)
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
        } {
          sstore(sc, mload(mc))
        }

        mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

        sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
      }
    }
  }

  function slice(
    bytes memory _bytes,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _length
  ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
    require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");

    bytes memory tempBytes;

    assembly {
      switch iszero(_length)
      case 0 {
        // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
        // Solidity does for memory variables.
        tempBytes := mload(0x40)

        // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
        // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
        // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
        // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
        // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
        // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
        // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
        // the actual length of the slice.
        let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

        // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
        // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
        // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
        // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
        let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
        let end := add(mc, _length)

        for {
          // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
          // as the one above.
          let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
        } lt(mc, end) {
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
          cc := add(cc, 0x20)
        } {
          mstore(mc, mload(cc))
        }

        mstore(tempBytes, _length)

        //update free-memory pointer
        //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
        mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
      }
      //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
      default {
        tempBytes := mload(0x40)
        //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
        //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
        mstore(tempBytes, 0)

        mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
      }
    }

    return tempBytes;
  }

  function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (address) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 20, "toAddress_outOfBounds");
    address tempAddress;

    assembly {
      tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
    }

    return tempAddress;
  }

  function toUint8(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint8) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 1, "toUint8_outOfBounds");
    uint8 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint16(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint16) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 2, "toUint16_outOfBounds");
    uint16 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x2), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint32) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 4, "toUint32_outOfBounds");
    uint32 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x4), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint64(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint64) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 8, "toUint64_outOfBounds");
    uint64 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x8), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint96(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint96) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 12, "toUint96_outOfBounds");
    uint96 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0xc), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint128(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint128) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 16, "toUint128_outOfBounds");
    uint128 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x10), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toUint256(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toUint256_outOfBounds");
    uint256 tempUint;

    assembly {
      tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
    }

    return tempUint;
  }

  function toBytes32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
    require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toBytes32_outOfBounds");
    bytes32 tempBytes32;

    assembly {
      tempBytes32 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
    }

    return tempBytes32;
  }

  function equal(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bool) {
    bool success = true;

    assembly {
      let length := mload(_preBytes)

      // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
      switch eq(length, mload(_postBytes))
      case 1 {
        // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
        //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
        // cb = 1 - don't breaker
        // cb = 0 - break
        let cb := 1

        let mc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
        let end := add(mc, length)

        for {
          let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
          // the next line is the loop condition:
          // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
        } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
          cc := add(cc, 0x20)
        } {
          // if any of these checks fails then arrays are not equal
          if iszero(eq(mload(mc), mload(cc))) {
            // unsuccess:
            success := 0
            cb := 0
          }
        }
      }
      default {
        // unsuccess:
        success := 0
      }
    }

    return success;
  }

  function equalStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal view returns (bool) {
    bool success = true;

    assembly {
      // we know _preBytes_offset is 0
      let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
      // Decode the length of the stored array like in concatStorage().
      let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
      let mlength := mload(_postBytes)

      // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
      switch eq(slength, mlength)
      case 1 {
        // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
        // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
        // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
        if iszero(iszero(slength)) {
          switch lt(slength, 32)
          case 1 {
            // blank the last byte which is the length
            fslot := mul(div(fslot, 0x100), 0x100)

            if iszero(eq(fslot, mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)))) {
              // unsuccess:
              success := 0
            }
          }
          default {
            // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
            //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
            // cb = 1 - don't breaker
            // cb = 0 - break
            let cb := 1

            // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
            mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
            let sc := keccak256(0x0, 0x20)

            let mc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
            let end := add(mc, mlength)

            // the next line is the loop condition:
            // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
            for {

            } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
              sc := add(sc, 1)
              mc := add(mc, 0x20)
            } {
              if iszero(eq(sload(sc), mload(mc))) {
                // unsuccess:
                success := 0
                cb := 0
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      default {
        // unsuccess:
        success := 0
      }
    }

    return success;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/nftHelpers/NFTStructs.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract NFTStructs {
  struct Transfer {
    // PayloadID uint8 = 1
    // TokenID of the token
    uint256 tokenId;
    // Address of the recipient. Left-zero-padded if shorter than 32 bytes
    bytes32 to;
    // Chain ID of the recipient
    uint16 toChain;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/nftHelpers/NFTStorage.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract NFTStorage {
  struct State {
    // Wormhole bridge contract address and chainId
    address payable wormhole;
    uint16 chainId;
    // Mapping of consumed token transfers
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) completedTransfers;
    // Mapping of NFT contracts on other chains
    mapping(uint16 => bytes32) nftContracts;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/nftHelpers/NFTState.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract NFTState {
  NFTStorage.State _wormholeState;
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/nftHelpers/NFTGetters.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


contract NFTGetters is NFTState {
  function isTransferCompleted(bytes32 hash) public view returns (bool) {
    return _wormholeState.completedTransfers[hash];
  }

  function nftContract(uint16 chainId_) public view returns (bytes32) {
    return _wormholeState.nftContracts[chainId_];
  }

  function wormhole() public view returns (IWormhole) {
    return IWormhole(_wormholeState.wormhole);
  }

  function chainId() public view returns (uint16) {
    return _wormholeState.chainId;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/nftHelpers/NFTSetters.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract NFTSetters is NFTState {
  function _setWormhole(address wh) internal {
    _wormholeState.wormhole = payable(wh);
  }

  function _setChainId(uint16 chainId_) internal {
    _wormholeState.chainId = chainId_;
  }

  function _setTransferCompleted(bytes32 hash) internal {
    _wormholeState.completedTransfers[hash] = true;
  }

  function _setNftContract(uint16 chainId, bytes32 nftContract) internal {
    _wormholeState.nftContracts[chainId] = nftContract;
  }
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/interfaces/IWormhole721.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// ERC165 interfaceId is 0x647bffff
/* is IERC165 */
interface IWormhole721 {
  function wormholeInit(uint16 chainId, address wormhole) external;

  function wormholeRegisterContract(uint16 chainId, bytes32 nftContract) external;

  function wormholeGetContract(uint16 chainId) external view returns (bytes32);

  function wormholeTransfer(
    uint256 tokenID,
    uint16 recipientChain,
    bytes32 recipient,
    uint32 nonce
  ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

  function wormholeCompleteTransfer(bytes memory encodedVm) external;
}


// File @ndujalabs/wormhole721/contracts/Wormhole721Upgradeable.sol@v0.3.0


pragma solidity ^0.8.0;










contract Wormhole721Upgradeable is
  ERC721Upgradeable,
  IWormhole721,
  NFTGetters,
  NFTSetters,
  PausableUpgradeable,
  OwnableUpgradeable,
  UUPSUpgradeable
{
  using BytesLib for bytes;

  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
  function __Wormhole721_init(string memory name, string memory symbol) internal virtual initializer {
    __Ownable_init();
    __Pausable_init();
    __UUPSUpgradeable_init();
    __ERC721_init(name, symbol);
  }

  function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual override onlyOwner {}

  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
    return interfaceId == type(IWormhole721).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
  }

  function wormholeInit(uint16 chainId, address wormhole) public override onlyOwner {
    _setChainId(chainId);
    _setWormhole(wormhole);
  }

  function wormholeRegisterContract(uint16 chainId_, bytes32 nftContract_) public override onlyOwner {
    _setNftContract(chainId_, nftContract_);
  }

  function wormholeGetContract(uint16 chainId) public view override returns (bytes32) {
    return nftContract(chainId);
  }

  function _wormholeCompleteTransfer(bytes memory encodedVm) internal returns (address to, uint256 tokenId) {
    (IWormhole.VM memory vm, bool valid, string memory reason) = wormhole().parseAndVerifyVM(encodedVm);

    require(valid, reason);
    require(_verifyNftContractVM(vm), "invalid emitter");

    NFTStructs.Transfer memory transfer = _parseTransfer(vm.payload);

    require(!isTransferCompleted(vm.hash), "transfer already completed");
    _setTransferCompleted(vm.hash);

    require(transfer.toChain == chainId(), "invalid target chain");

    // transfer bridged NFT to recipient
    address transferRecipient = address(uint160(uint256(transfer.to)));

    return (transferRecipient, transfer.tokenId);
  }

//  function _wormholeTransfer(
//    uint256 tokenId,
//    uint16 recipientChain,
//    bytes32 recipient,
//    uint32 nonce
//  ) internal returns (uint64 sequence) {
//    // TODO msg.value - Wormhole fees
//    return _wormholeTransferWithValue(tokenId, recipientChain, recipient, nonce, msg.value);
//  }

  function _wormholeTransferWithValue(
    uint256 tokenId,
    uint16 recipientChain,
    bytes32 recipient,
    uint32 nonce,
    uint256 value
  ) internal returns (uint64 sequence) {
    require(nftContract(recipientChain) != 0, "ERC721: recipientChain not allowed");
    sequence = _logTransfer(NFTStructs.Transfer({tokenId: tokenId, to: recipient, toChain: recipientChain}), value, nonce);
    return sequence;
  }

  function _logTransfer(
    NFTStructs.Transfer memory transfer,
    uint256 callValue,
    uint32 nonce
  ) internal returns (uint64 sequence) {
    bytes memory encoded = _encodeTransfer(transfer);
    sequence = wormhole().publishMessage{value: callValue}(nonce, encoded, 15);
  }

  function _verifyNftContractVM(IWormhole.VM memory vm) internal view returns (bool) {
    if (nftContract(vm.emitterChainId) == vm.emitterAddress) {
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  function _encodeTransfer(NFTStructs.Transfer memory transfer) internal pure returns (bytes memory encoded) {
    encoded = abi.encodePacked(uint8(1), transfer.tokenId, transfer.to, transfer.toChain);
  }

  function _parseTransfer(bytes memory encoded) internal pure returns (NFTStructs.Transfer memory transfer) {
    uint256 index = 0;

    uint8 payloadId = encoded.toUint8(index);
    index += 1;

    require(payloadId == 1, "invalid Transfer");

    transfer.tokenId = encoded.toUint256(index);
    index += 32;

    transfer.to = encoded.toBytes32(index);
    index += 32;

    transfer.toChain = encoded.toUint16(index);
    index += 2;

    require(encoded.length == index, "invalid Transfer");
    return transfer;
  }

  function wormholeTransfer(
    uint256 tokenID,
    uint16 recipientChain,
    bytes32 recipient,
    uint32 nonce
  ) public payable override returns (uint64 sequence) {
    require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenID), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
    _burn(tokenID);
    return _wormholeTransferWithValue(tokenID, recipientChain, recipient, nonce, msg.value);
  }

  // Complete a transfer from Wormhole
  function wormholeCompleteTransfer(bytes memory encodedVm) public override {
    (address to, uint256 tokenId) = _wormholeCompleteTransfer(encodedVm);
    _safeMint(to, tokenId);
  }

  // convenience helper

  //  function getIWormhole721InterfaceId() external pure returns(bytes4) {
  //    return type(IWormhole721).interfaceId;
  //  }
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IEverdragons2Genesis.sol


pragma solidity 0.8.11;

// Author: Francesco Sullo <francesco@sullo.co>
// Everdragons2, https://everdragons2.com

interface IEverdragons2Genesis {
  function setManager(address manager_) external;

  function mint(address recipient, uint256 tokenId) external;

  function updateTokenURI(string memory uri) external;

  function freezeTokenURI() external;

  function endMinting() external;

  function mintEnded() external view returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/interfaces/IManager.sol


pragma solidity 0.8.11;

interface IManager {
  function isManager() external pure returns (bool);
}


// File contracts/Everdragons2Genesis.sol


pragma solidity 0.8.11;

// Authors: Francesco Sullo <francesco@sullo.co>
//          Emanuele Cesena <emanuele@ndujalabs.com>
// Everdragons2, https://everdragons2.com









//import "hardhat/console.sol";

contract Everdragons2Genesis is
  IEverdragons2Genesis,
  Initializable,
  ERC721Upgradeable,
  ERC721PlayableUpgradeable,
  ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable,
  Wormhole721Upgradeable
{
  bool private _mintEnded;
  bool private _baseTokenURIFrozen;
  string private _baseTokenURI;

  address public manager;

  modifier onlyManager() {
    require(manager != address(0) && _msgSender() == manager, "Forbidden");
    _;
  }

  modifier canMint() {
    require(!_mintEnded, "Minting ended");
    _;
  }

  /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
  constructor() initializer {}

  function initialize() public initializer {
    __Wormhole721_init("Everdragons2 Genesis Token", "E2GT");
    __ERC721Enumerable_init();
    // tokenURI pre-reveal
    _baseTokenURI = "https://img.everdragons2.com/e2gt/";
  }

  function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal override onlyOwner {}

  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) internal override(ERC721Upgradeable, ERC721PlayableUpgradeable, ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable) {
    super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
  }

  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
    public
    view
    override(Wormhole721Upgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable, ERC721PlayableUpgradeable, ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable)
    returns (bool)
  {
    return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
  }

  function setManager(address manager_) external override onlyOwner canMint {
    require(manager_ != address(0), "Manager cannot be 0x0");
    require(IManager(manager_).isManager(), "Not a manager");
    manager = manager_;
  }

  function mint(address recipient, uint256 tokenId) public override onlyManager canMint {
    _safeMint(recipient, tokenId);
  }

  function endMinting() external override onlyOwner {
    _mintEnded = true;
  }

  function mintEnded() external view override returns (bool) {
    return _mintEnded;
  }

  function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return _baseTokenURI;
  }

  function updateTokenURI(string memory uri) external override onlyOwner {
    require(!_baseTokenURIFrozen, "baseTokenUri has been frozen");
    // after revealing, this allows to set up a final uri
    _baseTokenURI = uri;
  }

  function freezeTokenURI() external override onlyOwner {
    _baseTokenURIFrozen = true;
  }

  function contractURI() public view returns (string memory) {
    return string(abi.encodePacked(_baseTokenURI, "0"));
  }
}