crypto: add support for intermediate certs in --use-system-ca

[timja]

Fixes #57163

TODO:

• Extend existing test to validate intermediate certificates
• Validate that removing the root cert means intermediate isn't trusted - Works fine

Run new test on:

• macOS
• Windows
• Linux

I've tested locally and this is working fine

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/crypto

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 90.25%. Comparing base (772c609) to head (583c4ce).
Report is 84 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #57164      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.36%   90.25%   -0.11%     
==========================================
  Files         629      630       +1     
  Lines      184308   184920     +612     
  Branches    36010    36187     +177     
==========================================
+ Hits       166544   166903     +359     
- Misses      10910    11059     +149     
- Partials     6854     6958     +104     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/crypto/crypto_context.cc	65.09% <ø> (ø)

... and 74 files with indirect coverage changes

[timja]

@joyeecheung / @jasnell as reviewers of the other windows use-system-ca PR do you think you could review this one please?