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chapters/diffequation.md

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@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ In this chapter we focus on the ODE and introduce what is it, how it can be solv
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Generally, an ODE can be expressed as:
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$$ F(x, y^{'}, y^{''}, \ldots, y^{(n)}) = 0.$$ {#eq:diffequation:ode-def}
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$$ F(x, y^{'}, y^{''}, \ldots, y^{(n)}) = 0.$$ <!-- {#eq:diffequation:ode-def} -->
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The differential equations model dynamic systems, and the initial status of the system is often known. That is called *initial values*.
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They can be represented as:
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$$y|_{x=x_0} = y_0, y^{'}|_{x=x_1} = y_1, \ldots ,$${#eq:diffequation:init}
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$$y|_{x=x_0} = y_0, y^{'}|_{x=x_1} = y_1, \ldots $$
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where the $y_0$, $y_1$, etc. are known.
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The highest order of derivatives that are used in [@eq:diffequation:ode-def] is the *order* of this differential equation.

chapters/maths.md

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The [@tbl:maths:basic_unary] lists these unary functions supported in this module.
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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Function Explanation
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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`abs` `|x|`
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`neg` `-x`
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`reci` `1/x`
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`floor` the largest integer that is smaller than `x`
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Function | Explanation
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------------ | -------------------------------------------------------
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`abs` | `|x|`
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`neg` | `-x`
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`reci` | `1/x`
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`floor` | the largest integer that is smaller than `x`
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`ceil` | the smallest integer that is larger than `x`
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`round` | rounds `x` towards the bigger integer when on the fence
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`trunc` | integer part of `x`
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`sqr` | $x^2$
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`sqrt` | $\sqrt{x}$
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`ceil` the smallest integer that is larger than `x`
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`round` rounds `x` towards the bigger integer when on the fence
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`trunc` integer part of `x`
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`sqr` $x^2$
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`sqrt` $\sqrt{x}$
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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: Basic unary math functions {#tbl:maths:basic_unary}
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### Basic Binary Functions
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Unlike the unary ones, the *binary functions* take two floats as inputs and return one float as output.
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Most common arithmetic functions belong to this category, as shown in [@tbl:maths:binary].
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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Function Explanation
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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`add` `x + y`
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`sub` `x - y`
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`mul` `x * y`
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Function | Explanation
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------------ | -------------------------------------------------------
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`add` | `x + y`
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`sub` | `x - y`
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`mul` | `x * y`
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`div` | `x / y`
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`fmod` | `x % y`
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`pow` | $$x^y$$
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`hypot` | $$\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$$
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`atan2` | returns $$\arctan(y/x)$$, accounting for the sign of the
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| arguments; this is the angle to the vector $$(x, y)$$ counting from the x-axis.
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`div` `x / y`
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`fmod` `x % y`
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`pow` $x^y$
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`hypot` $\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$
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`atan2` returns $\arctan(y/x)$, accounting for the sign of the
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arguments; this is the angle to the vector $(x, y)$ counting from the x-axis.
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------------ -------------------------------------------------------
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: Binary math functions {#tbl:maths:binary}
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### Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

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