Add docs about cluster_id row in mysql.tidb

[YangKeao]

First-time contributors' checklist

• I've signed Contributor License Agreement that's required for repo owners to accept my contribution.

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Add a description about the cluster_id row in the mysql.tidb table.

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions (in Chinese).

• master (the latest development version)
• v9.0 (TiDB 9.0 versions)
• v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• v8.4 (TiDB 8.4 versions)
• v8.3 (TiDB 8.3 versions)
• v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from: Add docs about the cluster_id row in mysql.tidb table docs#20280
• Other reference link(s):
  • bootstrap: add cluster_id to the mysql.tidb table tidb#59511

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-02-13 09:05:23.247068484 +0000 UTC m=+520165.643290543: ☑️ agreed by qiancai.