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‎module-3/presentation/README.md

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# Module 3: Building a Node
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# Module 3: Building a node
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1. Recap from last week
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1. Parts of a Node and Radio Frequency
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1. Parts of a node and radio frequency
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1. Meshing your nodes
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1. Building your own node
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1. Wrap-up & homework

‎module-3/presentation/SUMMARY.md

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# Summary
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* [Recap from last week](part-0/README.md)
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* [The Mesh Node](part-1/README.md)
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* [Parts of a node and radio frequency](part-1/README.md)
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* [What is in a node](part-1/what-is-in-a-node.md)
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* [Radio and Waves](part-1/radio-and-waves.md)
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* [Your node in a mesh network](part-2/README.md)
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* [Radio and waves](part-1/radio-and-waves.md)
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* [Meshing your nodes](part-2/README.md)
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* [Connecting with WiFi](part-2/connecting-with-wifi.md)
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* [Worksheet](part-2/worksheet.md)
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* [Selecting your parts](part-3/README.md)
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* [Building your own node](part-3/README.md)
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* [Wrap-up & homework](part-4/README.md)

‎module-3/presentation/part-0/README.md

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# Recap from last week
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First Week - Using `Raspberry Pis`, we formed a `wireless mesh network`.
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**First Week**
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Last week - Using `Raspberry Pis`, we configured a `wired network`.
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Using Raspberry Pis, we formed a `wireless mesh network`.
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This Week - Using `Raspberry Pis`, we configure a `wireless mesh network`.
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**Last week**
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Using Raspberry Pis, we configured a `wired network`.
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**This Week**
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Using Raspberry Pis, we will configure a `wireless mesh network`.

‎module-3/presentation/part-1/README.md

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# The Mesh Node
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# Parts of a node and radio frequency

‎module-3/presentation/part-1/radio-and-waves.md

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# Radio and Radio Waves
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# Radio and waves
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Radio - the technology of using electromagnetic waves to carry information
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## Properties of waves
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### Frequency
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* Measured in Hz (Hertz) or Cycles per second
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* Measured in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second
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* We tune the radio to hear other people on the same frequency
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### Amplitude
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* How much power the wave has
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* How loud we are talking
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### Polarity
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* Which direction is the wave cycling
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* Orientation of the antenna is important
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### Phase
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* The offset of peaks and valleys of two waves
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* You add the values at each point to calculate the new amplitude
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* Two peeks or valleys - wave is twice as amplitude
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* A peek and a valley - amplitude closer to 0
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* Happens when waves bounce of walls
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* Two peeks or valleys - wave has double the amplitude
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* A peek and a valley - amplitude closer to zero
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* Interference happens when waves bounce off walls
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### Channel width
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### Channel Width
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* Defines how many frequencies does the signal take up
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* Larger channel width provides
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* more frequencies
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* allows for more data to be sent at once
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* susceptible to mode noise
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* Defines how wide of a frequency band does the signal take up
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* Larger channel width:
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* Provides more frequencies
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* Allows for more data to be sent at once
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* Is more susceptible to mode noise
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## Frequency and Channels
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## Frequencies and channels
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Channels are human defined numbers that point to a specific frequency
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Channels - human defined numbers that point to a specific frequency
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* There are 13 channels defined for WiFi
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* In Canada we can only use the first 11
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* First channel starts at 2.412 GHz or 2,412 MHz
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* First channel starts at 2.412 GHz (or 2,412 MHz)
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* The channels are spaced out by 5 MHz
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* Standard WiFi signals use a channel width of 20Mhz
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* There are only 3 non overlapping signals in 2.4 GHz range 1,6 and 11
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* Standard WiFi signals use a channel width of 20 Mhz
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* There are only 3 non-overlapping signals in the 2.4 GHz range (1, 6, and 11)
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## Licensing
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* There are many frequencies that exist in the air
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* There are many frequencies coexisting in the air
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* Most of them are designated to a specific function
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* Government agency tasked with controlling them in Canada is the CRTC
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* 2.4Ghz and 5.0Ghz do not require any licensing
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* Used by many devices not just WiFi
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* They look like noise to WiFi
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* 2.4 Ghz and 5.0 Ghz do not require any licensing
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* Used by many devices, such as microwave ovens, not just WiFi devices
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* They look like noise to WiFi devices

‎module-3/presentation/part-1/what-is-in-a-node.md

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# What is in a node?
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## `Single Board Computer`
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## Single Board Computer
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* All the components of a computer on one board
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* Components include Processors, Memory, Storage, Peripherals
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* Smart Phone revolution modernized these types of computers
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* In a node it runs our software, processing signals and routes traffic
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## `Storage`
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* Many types of storage each good for different reasons
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* Some properties to be aware of are
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* Format - How the physical device works
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* Speed - How fast can is access and store data
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* Capacity - How much data can it store
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* Endurance - How long can it store it for
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## `Power supply`
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* Allow us to power
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* Consider what power you have available
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* Wall Plug - City's power gird
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* Batteries - Stored power from another source
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* Solar, Wind, Etc - Alternative sources
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* Components include processors, memory, storage, peripherals
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* Smart phone revolution modernized these types of computers
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* A node runs our software, processing signals and routing traffic
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## Storage
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* Many types of storage, each good for different reasons
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* Some properties to be aware of:
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* Format - how the physical device works?
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* Speed - how fast can it access and store data?
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* Capacity - how much data can it store?
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* Endurance - how long can it store the data for?
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## Power supply
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* Allow us to power the node
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* Consider what power you have available:
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* Wall plug - city's power gird
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* Batteries - stored power from another source
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* Solar, wind, etc. - alternative sources
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## `Antenna`
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* Used to receive and transmit (RX and TX)
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* Designed for specific frequency ranges and purpose
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## `Radio`
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* We use the 802.11 standard known as "WiFi"
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* Radios can come in many formats
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* They connect to an Antenna
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## Antenna
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* Used to receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx)
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* Designed for specific frequency ranges and purposes
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## Radio
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* We use the 802.11 standard known as "WiFi"
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* Radios can come in many formats
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* They connect to an antenna

‎module-3/presentation/part-2/README.md

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# Hands on Activity
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# Meshing your nodes

‎module-3/presentation/part-2/connecting-with-wifi.md

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# Connecting with WiFi
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## Infrastructure mode
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Most common setup for WiFi
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Most common setup for WiFi:
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* Router acts as an Access Point (AP)
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* Each device connects to it to communicate
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* One point of failure, the router
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* Single point of failure, the router
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## Mesh mode
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There are two different modes that we can use to create a mesh
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There are two different modes that we can use to create a mesh:
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* IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set)
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* Also known as AdHoc
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* Much older and more supported
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* 802.11s (Mesh Point)
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* is a new specification
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* Not allot of devices support them
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* Many usefull features
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* Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
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* Also known as Ad-hoc
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* Much older and more supported
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* Mesh Point (802.11s)
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* A new specification
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* Not many devices support this mode
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* Many useful features
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## Mesh in Linux
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## Meshing in Linux
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To mesh in Linux you preform the following tasks
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To mesh in Linux you issue the following commands:
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* Turn off the interface - `ip link set dev <interface> down`
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* Switch to a mesh mode - `iw <interface> set type <mode>`
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* Turn on the interface ` ip link set dev <interface> up`
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* Join a frequency and group `iw dev <interface> <mode> join <group name> <frequency>`
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* Assign an IP address - `ip addr add <ipaddress>/24 dev <interface>`
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* Turn off the interface:
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* `ip link set dev <interface> down`
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* Switch to a mesh mode:
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* `iw <interface> set type <mode>`
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* Turn on the interface:
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* `ip link set dev <interface> up`
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* Join a group at a particular frequency:
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* `iw dev <interface> <mode> join <group name> <frequency>`
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* Assign an IP address:
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* `ip addr add <ip address>/24 dev <interface>`

‎module-3/presentation/part-2/worksheet.md

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# Worksheet
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* Break into groups of 2
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* Configure the two nodes to mesh together
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* Assign an ip addresses
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* Ping the address
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* Assign IP addresses
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* Ping each IP address

‎module-3/presentation/part-4/README.md

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# Homework
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Next session we will discuss important factors to consider for deployment and use a mapping activity of the nearby area for planning
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Next session we will discuss wireless links more extensively, both theoretically and the practical aspects when configuring a wireless mesh network.
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* Watch Meta Mesh quick tour of a mesh networking installation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLusYsScrv0 (4:03)
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* Optionally read "Wireless Networking in the Developing World, Chapter 10: Deployment Planning": http://wndw.net/pdf/wndw3-en/ch10-deployment-planning.pdf
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* Optionally watch
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* SmartrekTech How to install a Smartrek wireless mesh network for sugar making purposes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKkVEeVNhm8 (4:31)
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* Rural Next Generation Broadband Project: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QM7MUWDcNxk (6:12)
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📝 [A quick tour of a mesh networking installation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLusYsScrv0) from the [Metamesh YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGEnntxbGKMU9J9GIZ1LQUQ)
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_Optionally:_
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- Read [Wireless Networking in the Developing World](http://wndw.net/pdf/wndw3-en/ch10-deployment-planning.pdf), Chapter 10: Deployment Planning
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- Watch [How to install a Smartrek wireless mesh network for sugar making purposes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKkVEeVNhm8) (4:31)
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- Watch [Rural Next Generation Broadband Project](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QM7MUWDcNxk) (6:12)

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