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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/v3/documentation/smart-contracts/shards/infinity-sharding-paradigm.mdx
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Shards perform the split or merge after a delay of `split_merge_delay = 100` seconds from the decision.
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## Messages and instant hypercube routing (instant hypercube routing)
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## Messages and instant hypercube routing (IHR)
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In the infinite sharding paradigm, each account or smart contract is treated as if it were a part of its own ShardChain.
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Interactions between accounts occur exclusively through message passing, following the **actor model**, where accounts act as actors.
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An efficient messaging system between ShardChains is essential for the operation of the TON blockchain. A key feature supporting this is **Instant Hypercube Routing**, which enables near-instantaneous message delivery and processing across ShardChains. Messages created in one ShardChain block are processed in the next block of the target ShardChain — regardless of how many messages are in the system.
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### Current Status of IHR
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:::info Important Clarification
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**Instant Hypercube Routing (IHR) is an alternative mechanism for message delivery without intermediate hops.** However, it is important to understand that:
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-**IHR is not implemented** and is not yet fully specified
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-**IHR is only relevant** when there are more than 16 shards and not all shards are neighbors to each other
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-**Current network settings forbid splitting deeper than 16 shards**, so IHR is not relevant in any practical sense today
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Currently, TON uses standard **Hypercube Routing (HR)** for message delivery between shards, which routes messages through intermediate shards when necessary. IHR would provide a more direct routing mechanism, but only becomes necessary in much larger shard configurations than are currently possible.
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:::
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### Message Routing Mechanisms
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TON blockchain supports two conceptual message routing mechanisms:
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1.**Hypercube Routing (HR)** - Currently implemented mechanism that routes messages between shards through intermediate hops when necessary
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2.**Instant Hypercube Routing (IHR)** - Alternative mechanism (not implemented) that would allow direct message delivery without intermediate hops
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The choice between these mechanisms would depend on the network topology and shard configuration, but given current limitations on shard depth, only HR is relevant.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/v3/documentation/smart-contracts/transaction-fees/fees-low-level.md
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### IHR
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:::tip
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At this moment (November 2024), [IHR](/v3/documentation/smart-contracts/shards/infinity-sharding-paradigm#messages-and-instant-hypercube-routing-instant-hypercube-routing) is not implemented, and if you set the `ihr_fee` to a non-zero value, it will always be added to the message value upon receipt. For now, there are no practical reasons to do this.
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:::info What is IHR?
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[**Instant Hypercube Routing (IHR)**](/v3/documentation/smart-contracts/shards/infinity-sharding-paradigm#messages-and-instant-hypercube-routing-instant-hypercube-routing) is an alternative mechanism for message delivery without intermediate hops between shards. To understand why IHR is not currently relevant:
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-**IHR is not implemented** and is not yet fully specified
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-**IHR would only be relevant** when the network has more than 16 shards and not all shards are neighbors to each other
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-**Current network settings forbid splitting deeper than 16 shards**, which means IHR is not relevant in any practical sense
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In the current TON network configuration, all message routing uses standard **Hypercube Routing (HR)**, which can handle message delivery efficiently with the current shard topology. The `ihr_fee` field exists in the message structure for future compatibility, but serves no functional purpose today.
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If you set the `ihr_fee` to a non-zero value, it will always be added to the message value upon receipt. For now, there are no practical reasons to do this.
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