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aclock3.s
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; ****************************************************************************
; aclock3.s - TRDOS 386 (TRDOS v2.0) Kernel - Analog Clock Demo - Mode 13h
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
; Erdogan Tan - 30/09/2024
;
; [ Last Modification: 01/10/2024 ]
;
; ****************************************************************************
; ref: aclock.s, circle4.s, line7.s (TRDOS 386 demo programs)
; (Analog Clock display code without FPU instructions)
; ((ONly INT 40h system calls))
; 20/08/2024 ; TRDOS 386 v2.0.9 (exit code)
; TRDOS 386 system calls (temporary list!)
_ver equ 0
_exit equ 1
_fork equ 2
_read equ 3
_write equ 4
_open equ 5
_close equ 6
_wait equ 7
_creat equ 8
_link equ 9
_unlink equ 10 ; _delete
_exec equ 11
_chdir equ 12
_time equ 13
_mkdir equ 14
_chmod equ 15
_chown equ 16
_break equ 17
_stat equ 18
_seek equ 19
_tell equ 20
_mount equ 21
_umount equ 22
_setuid equ 23
_getuid equ 24
_stime equ 25
_quit equ 26
_intr equ 27
_fstat equ 28
_emt equ 29
_mdate equ 30
_video equ 31
_audio equ 32
_timer equ 33
_sleep equ 34
_msg equ 35
_geterr equ 36
_fpsave equ 37
_pri equ 38
_rele equ 39
_fff equ 40
_fnf equ 41
_alloc equ 42
_dalloc equ 43
_calbac equ 44
_dma equ 45
_stdio equ 46 ; TRDOS 386 v2.0.9
%macro sys 1-4
; 29/04/2016 - TRDOS 386 (TRDOS v2.0)
; 03/09/2015
; 13/04/2015
; Retro UNIX 386 v1 system call.
%if %0 >= 2
mov ebx, %2
%if %0 >= 3
mov ecx, %3
%if %0 = 4
mov edx, %4
%endif
%endif
%endif
mov eax, %1
;int 30h
int 40h ; TRDOS 386 (TRDOS v2.0)
%endmacro
; Retro UNIX 386 v1 and TRDOS 386 v2 system call format:
; sys systemcall (eax) <arg1 (ebx)>, <arg2 (ecx)>, <arg3 (edx)>
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bits 32
start:
;; clear bss
;mov edi, bss_start
;mov ecx, (bss_end - bss_start)/4
;;xor eax, eax
;rep stosd
sys _time, 0 ; get time in unix/epoch format
mov [ptime], eax ; seconds since unix epoch time
; program message
mov esi, program_msg
call print_msg
;;;;
; Set squares of number from 0 to 89
mov edi, _squares
mov ecx, 90
mov ebx, 1
_ss_x:
mov eax, ebx
mul ebx
stosd
inc ebx
loop _ss_x
; x2+y2 = r2
; Set Y values for X values from 1 to Radius - 1
mov edi, _fx
mov eax, 90
mov [radius], eax
mov ebx, eax
mul ebx
mov ebp, eax ; _r2 (square of the radius)
_yy_x:
dec ebx
jz short start_@
mov eax, ebx
mul eax
; eax = square of ebx
mov edx, ebp ; _r2
sub edx, eax
call get_squareroot
stosd
jmp short _yy_x
;;;;
; show program message for 1 second
start_@:
sys _time, 0 ; get time in unix/epoch format
nop
cmp eax, [ptime]
je short start_@ ; same second
; 1 second has been passed
;mov ah, 2 ; read the time
;int 35h ; TRDOS 386 date&time interrupt
;jnc short start_@@
;jmp terminate
;start_@@:
;mov ah,11h
;int 32h
;jz short main
;xor ah, ah
;int 32h
start_@@:
sys _stdio, 1 ; getchar (no wait)
;jc short main
and eax, eax
jnz short start_@@
main:
;sys _time, 4 ; get tick counts
;mov [startticks], eax
mov bl, -1 ; signal response byte
mov bh, 1 ; 18.2 ticks per seconds
mov ecx, 9 ; approx. 0.5 seconds
;mov bh, 3 ; 1 second unit(RTC)
;mov ecx, 1 ; 1 second only
mov edx, srb
sys _timer ; start timer
sys _time, 0 ; get time (seconds) in UNIX format
mov [startticks], eax
;sys _time, 3 ; get time (& date) in MSDOS format
; (eax = time, edx = date)
sys _time, 1 ; get time in MSDOS format
mov [second], al ; (dl in MSDOS)
mov [minute], ah ; (cl in MSDOS)
shr eax, 16 ; al = hour (ch in MSDOS)
mov [hour], al
; MAP VGA video buffer to user (as 1 to 1)
;xor ebx, ebx
mov bh, 5 ; Direct access/map to VGA memory
sys _video
; eax = 0A0000h
cmp eax, 0A0000h ; VGA memory address
jne terminate ; error (eax = 0)
; set video mode to 13h
;mov al, 13h ; function 00h, mode 13h
;int 31h ; TRDOS 386 - Video interrupt
sys _video, 0813h ; set video mode to 13h
; draw clock circle and indicators
call draw_background
;;;
mov byte [_x0], 159
;mov byte [_y0], 99
;;;
; set initial h/m/s parameters
call update_time
mov al, [hour]
mov [phour], al
mov al, [minute]
mov [pminute], al ; previous
mov [phminute], al ; previous for akrep
mov al, [second]
mov [psecond], al ; previous
mov [pmsecond], al ; previous for yelkovan
jmp short draw_hh_mh_sh
main_loop:
call update_time
jc short skip_draw
draw_hh_mh_sh:
; draw akrep (hour hand)
call draw_hour_hand
; draw yelkovan (minute hand)
call draw_minute_hand
; draw second hand
call draw_second_hand
; waith for 0.5 second
;call wait_half_second
skip_draw:
;mov ah, 01h ; see if key pressed
;int 32h ; TRDOS 386 keyboard interrupt
;jz short main_loop ; loop if no key pressed
;xor ah, ah ; key pressed so clear it
;int 32h
sys _stdio, 1 ; getchar (no wait)
or eax, eax
jz short main_loop
;;; beep option (enabled/disabled by SPACEBAR)
cmp al, 20h
jne short exit_process
xor byte [nobeep], 0FFh
jmp short main_loop
nobeep: db 0FFh
;;;
;jmp short exit_process
exit_process:
;mov ax, 03h ; set video mode to 03h (default)
;int 31h ; TRDOS 386 video bios interrupt
sys _video, 0803h ; set video mode to 03h
terminate:
sys _timer, 0 ; stop timer
sys _exit, 0 ; return to TRDOS 386 MainProg
hangemhigh:
; CPU must not come here !
nop
jmp short hangemhigh
srb: db 0
ptime: ;db 0
startticks:
dd 0
; ------------------------------------------------------------
update_time:
; push esi
; ;mov esi, -1
; mov esi, 10
;update_time_@:
; mov ah, 2 ; read the time
; int 35h ; TRDOS 386 date&time interrupt
; ;jc short update_time_retn
; jnc short update_time_@@
; ; RTC update phase
; dec esi
; jnz short update_time_@
; pop esi
; ;jmp exit_process
; stc
; retn
;update_time_@@:
; pop esi
; ch = hours (bcd)
; cl = minutes (bcd)
; dh = seconds (bcd)
; wait 1 second (kernel timer setup)
cmp byte [srb], 0FFh ; check signal response byte
jb short update_time_ok ; cf = 1
mov byte [srb], 0 ; reset for next 1 second
; get time in UNIX/Epoch format (seconds)
sys _time, 0
cmp eax, [startticks] ; is same second ?
jne short updt_0 ; no, 1 second passed
; wait 0.5 second more
stc
update_time_ok:
retn
updt_0:
mov [startticks], eax
mov al, [second]
inc al
cmp al, 60
jb short updt_1
mov al, 0
updt_1:
;mov al, dh
;call convert_bcd_to_bin
mov [second], al
or al, al
jnz short update_time_ok
mov al, [minute]
inc al
cmp al, 60
jb short updt_2
mov al, 0
updt_2:
;mov al, cl
;call convert_bcd_to_bin
mov [minute], al
and al, al
jnz short update_time_ok
mov al, [hour]
inc al
cmp al, 24
jb short updt_3
mov al, 0
updt_3:
;mov al, ch
;call convert_bcd_to_bin
mov [hour], al
;update_time_retn:
;update_time_ok:
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
;wait_half_second:
; push ebx
; sys _time, 4 ; get tick counts
; pop ebx
; sub eax, [startticks]
; cmp eax, 9
; jb short wait_half_second
; add [startticks], eax
;
; ;nop
; ;inc ecx
; ;nop
; ;cmp byte [srb], -1
; ;jne short wait_half_second
;
; retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
;convert_bcd_to_bin:
; mov bl, al
; and bl, 0Fh
; shr al, 4
; mov ah, 10
; mul ah
; add al, bl
; retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_background:
; INPUT:
; none
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx
mov dword [_x0], 160
mov dword [_y0], 100
mov dword [radius], 90
mov byte [color], 0Bh ; cyan
;mov byte [color], 0Eh ; yellow
;mov byte [color], 0Fh ; white
call draw_circle ; writes pixels to pixel buffer
; writes all circle pixels to video buffer
;call write_circle
; draw minute indicators
call draw_minute_dots
; draw hour (5 minutes) indicators
call draw_hour_squares
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_circle:
; INPUT:
; [_x0]
; [_y0]
; [radius]
; [color]
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx, ebp
; set pixel pointer position to start of circle buffer
mov eax, circlebuffer
mov [pixelpos], eax
_dc_ph0:
; quarter 1
; start from y = 0, x = radius
xor eax, eax
mov [_y1], eax ; 0
mov [phase], al ; 0
mov ebp, [radius]
mov [_x1], ebp ; y = 0, x = r
mov esi, _fx
_dc_ph0_n:
dec dword [_x1]
lodsd
_dc_ph0_x:
mov edx, [_y1]
inc edx
cmp edx, eax
jnb short _dc_ph0_y
push eax
mov [_y1], edx
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
pop eax
jmp short _dc_ph0_x
_dc_ph0_y:
mov [_y1], eax
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
dec ebp
jnz short _dc_ph0_n
_dc_ph1:
; quarter 2
; start from y = radius, x = 0
inc byte [phase]
xor eax, eax
mov [_x1], eax ; 0
mov ebp, [radius]
mov [_y1], ebp ; y = r, x = 0
mov esi, _fx
_dc_ph1_n:
dec dword [_y1]
lodsd
_dc_ph1_x:
mov edx, [_x1]
inc edx
cmp edx, eax
jnb short _dc_ph1_y
push eax
mov [_x1], edx
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
pop eax
jmp short _dc_ph1_x
_dc_ph1_y:
mov [_x1], eax
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
dec ebp
jnz short _dc_ph1_n
_dc_ph2:
; quarter 3
; start from y = 0, x = radius
inc byte [phase]
xor eax, eax
mov [_y1], eax ; 0
mov ebp, [radius]
mov [_x1], ebp ; y = 0, x = r
mov esi, _fx
_dc_ph2_n:
dec dword [_x1]
lodsd
_dc_ph2_x:
mov edx, [_y1]
inc edx
cmp edx, eax
jnb short _dc_ph2_y
push eax
mov [_y1], edx
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
pop eax
jmp short _dc_ph2_x
_dc_ph2_y:
mov [_y1], eax
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
dec ebp
jnz short _dc_ph2_n
_dc_ph3:
; quarter 4
; start from y = radius, x = 0
inc byte [phase]
xor eax, eax
mov [_x1], eax ; 0
mov ebp, [radius]
mov [_y1], ebp ; y = r, x = 0
mov esi, _fx
_dc_ph3_n:
dec dword [_y1]
lodsd
_dc_ph3_x:
mov edx, [_x1]
inc edx
cmp edx, eax
jnb short _dc_ph3_y
push eax
mov [_x1], edx
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
pop eax
jmp short _dc_ph3_x
_dc_ph3_y:
mov [_x1], eax
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel
dec ebp
jnz short _dc_ph3_n
_dc_ph4:
;retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
write_dots:
write_line:
write_circle:
mov esi, circlebuffer
mov edi, 0A0000h ; VGA video buffer
mov ecx, [pixelpos]
sub ecx, esi
shr ecx, 2
mov bl, [color]
;ecx = pixel count
write_circle_@:
lodsd
mov [edi+eax], bl ; pixel color
loop write_circle_@
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
write_pixel:
; eax = (screen) pixel position
mov edi, [pixelpos]
stosd
mov [pixelpos], edi
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
get_start_offset:
mov eax, 320
mov edx, [_y0]
cmp byte [phase], 0
ja short gso_1
gso_0:
; quarter 1
sub edx, [_y1] ; y = 0 -> r
mul edx
add eax, [_x0]
add eax, [_x1] ; x = r -> 0
retn
gso_1:
cmp byte [phase], 1
ja short gso_2
; quarter 2
sub edx, [_y1] ; y = r -> 0
mul edx
add eax, [_x0]
sub eax, [_x1] ; x = 0 -> -r
retn
gso_2:
cmp byte [phase], 2
ja short gso_3
; quarter 3
add edx, [_y1] ; y = 0 -> -r
mul edx
add eax, [_x0]
sub eax, [_x1] ; x = -r -> 0
retn
gso_3:
; quarter 4
add edx, [_y1] ; y = -r -> 0
mul edx
add eax, [_x0]
add eax, [_x1] ; x = 0 -> r
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
;black_circle:
; xor ah, ah
; xchg [color], ah ; color = 0
; push eax
; call drawcircle
; pop eax
; xchg [color], ah ; restore color
; retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
beep:
;;; beep option
test byte [nobeep], 0FFh
jnz short beep_retn
;;;
; call beep function (16/64 second, 886Hz)
;sys _audio, 16, 1331
sys _stdio, 3, 07h ; write beep char to STDERR
beep_retn:
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_minute_dots:
; INPUT:
; none
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx
;mov dword [angle], 0
mov byte [radius], 85
;mov byte [_x0], 160
;mov byte [_y0], 100
mov dword [step], 6
mov byte [dcount], 60
mov dword [pixelpos], circlebuffer
; reset for indicator dots
xor eax, eax ; angle = 0
call draw_dots
;mov byte [angle], 0
call write_dots
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_dots:
dmd_0:
mov [angle], eax
; eax = angle
call getcosinus
; get cosine value * 16777216 for angle in AL
; eax = cos(angle) * 16777216
call getxy
mov [_x1], eax ; projection of end point on x-axis
mov eax, [angle]
call getsinus
; get sine value * 16777216 for angle in AL
; eax = sin(angle) * 16777216
call getxy
mov [_y1], eax ; projection of end point on y-axis
mov byte [phase], 0 ; quarter 1
mov eax, [angle]
cmp eax, 90
jna short dmd_1
inc byte [phase] ; quarter 2
cmp eax, 180
jna short dmd_1
inc byte [phase] ; quarter 3
cmp eax, 270
jna short dmd_1
inc byte [phase] ; quarter 4
dmd_1:
; cover coordinates to video buffer offset
call get_start_offset
call write_pixel ; save it to pixel buffer
dec byte [dcount]
jz short dmd_2
mov eax, [step]
add eax, [angle]
jmp dmd_0
dmd_2:
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_hour_squares:
; INPUT:
; none
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx
;mov dword [angle], 0
mov byte [radius], 85
mov dword [step],30
mov dword [pixelpos], circlebuffer
; reset for indicator dots
xor eax, eax
dhs_@:
mov dword [_x0], 159
mov dword [_y0], 99
dhs_0:
mov byte [dcount], 1
call draw_dots
mov eax, [_x0]
cmp eax, 162
jnb short dhs_2
inc eax
dhs_1:
mov [_x0], eax
mov eax, [angle]
jmp short dhs_0
dhs_2:
mov eax, [_y0]
cmp eax, 102
jnb short dhs_3
inc eax
mov [_y0], eax
mov al, 159
jmp short dhs_1
dhs_3:
mov eax, [angle]
add eax, [step]
cmp eax, 360
jb short dhs_@
; write all of hour indicator pixels
; to VGA video buffer
;mov dword [angle], 0
call write_dots
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
getsinus:
; Input:
; EAX = angle
; output:
; EAX = sin(angle) * 16777216
;
; Modified registers: eax, esi
;
; Note: absolute (+) values are needed only.
; (see 'get_start_offset' procedure)
cmp eax, 180
jb short gsin_@
sub eax, 180
gsin_@:
;movzx esi, al
mov esi, eax
shl esi, 2 ; * 4
add esi, sinustable
mov eax, [esi]
mov [sin], eax
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
getcosinus:
; Input:
; EAX = angle
; output:
; EAX = cos(angle) * 16777216
;
; Modified registers: eax, esi
; Note: absolute (+) values are needed only.
; (see 'get_start_offset' procedure)
cmp eax, 180
jb short gcos_0
sub eax, 180
gcos_0:
add eax, 90
jmp short getsinus
cmp al, 90 ; 90 degrees
jb short gcos_1
sub al, 90
mov esi, cos_90
jmp short gcos_2
gcos_1:
mov esi, cos_0
gcos_2:
;movzx eax, al
shl eax, 2 ; * 4
add esi, eax
mov eax, [esi]
mov [cos], eax
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
getxy:
; Input:
; EAX = sin or cos value * 16777216
; output:
; EAX = x or y projection
;
; Modified registers: eax, edx, (ecx)
;
;mov edx, [radius]
;mul edx
mul dword [radius] ; [hipotenus]
;mov ecx, 16777216
;div ecx
shr eax, 24
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
get_squareroot:
; input: edx = square of the number (y)
; output: eax = approx. square root of ebx
mov esi, _squares
push ebx
xor ebx, ebx
mov ecx, [radius] ; max. value of radius is 89
q_sr_x:
lodsd
cmp eax, edx
jnb short q_sr_ok
inc ebx
loop q_sr_x
q_sr_ok:
mov eax, ebx
pop ebx
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_hour_hand: ; draw akrep
; INPUT:
; [hour]
; [phour]
; [phminute]
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx, ebp
movzx eax, byte [phour] ; previous hour
;;;
mov dl, [phminute]
sub dl, [minute] ; is 2 minutes passed?
jnb short chk_m_pm
neg dl
chk_m_pm:
cmp dl, 2
jnb short skip_mh_chk
;;;
;movzx eax, byte [phour] ; previous hour
cmp al, [hour]
je short dhh_@ ; skip black/erase line stage
skip_mh_chk:
mov byte [color], 0 ; black
call dhh_@@ ; draw black line
; (erase previous hour hand)
xor eax, eax
mov al, [minute]
mov [phminute], al ; set current minute as prev
mov al, [hour]
mov [phour], al ; set current hour as previous
dhh_@:
mov byte [color], 0Fh ; draw white line (hour hand)
dhh_@@:
cmp al, 12
jb short skip_24hto12h
sub al, 12
skip_24hto12h:
mov ecx, 30 ; 30 degrees per hour
mul ecx
mov cl, [phminute]
shr cl, 1 ; 60 minutes -> 30 degrees
;adc cl, 0 ; round up if half degree
add eax, ecx
mov byte [radius], 65 ; [hipotenus], length
dmh_@@@:
dsh_@@@:
; convert clockwise angle to counterclockwise angle
neg eax ; -x
add eax, 450 ; 450 - x ; (360+90-x)
cmp eax, 360
jb short dhh_@@@ ; <= 12
sub eax, 360 ; 2nd tour of hourhand
dhh_@@@:
; convert clockwise angle to counterclockwise angle
mov [angle], eax
call draw_line
retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_minute_hand: ; draw yelkovan
; INPUT:
; [minute]
; [pminute]
; [pmsecond]
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx, ebp
movzx eax, byte [pminute] ; previous minute
;;;
mov dl, [pmsecond]
sub dl, [second] ; is 5 seconds passed?
jnb short chk_s_ps
neg dl
chk_s_ps:
cmp dl, 5
jnb short skip_sm_chk
;;;
;movzx eax, byte [pminute] ; previous minute
cmp al, [minute]
je short dmh_@ ; skip black/erase line stage
skip_sm_chk:
mov byte [color], 0 ; black
call dmh_@@ ; draw black line
; (erase previous minute hand)
;;;
; redraw houndhand if blanked
mov al, [phour]
mov ah, 5
mul ah
mov ah, [pminute]
cmp al, ah
jne short skip_redraw_hh
call draw_hour_hand
skip_redraw_hh:
;;;
xor eax, eax
mov al, [second]
mov [pmsecond], al ; set current second as prev
mov al, [minute]
mov [pminute], al ; set current minute as prev
dmh_@:
mov byte [color], 0Fh ; draw white line (minute hand)
dmh_@@:
mov ecx, 6 ; 6 degrees per minute
mul ecx
push eax
xor eax, eax
mov al, [pmsecond]
;xor edx, edx
mov cl, 10
div ecx ; 60 seconds -> 6 degrees
pop edx
add eax, edx
mov byte [radius], 80 ; [hipotenus], length
; convert clockwise angle to counterclockwise angle
jmp dmh_@@@
;neg eax ; -x
;add eax, 450 ; 450 - x
;cmp eax, 360
;jb short dmh_@@@ ; <= 12
;sub eax, 360 ; 2nd tour of hourhand
;dmh_@@@:
; convert clockwise angle to counterclockwise angle
;sub edx, eax
;mov [angle], edx
;
;call draw_line
;
;retn
; ------------------------------------------------------------
draw_second_hand: ; saniye ibresi
; INPUT:
; [second]
; [psecond]
;
; Modified registers: esi, edi, eax, ecx, ebx, edx, ebp
movzx eax, byte [psecond] ; previous second
cmp al, [second]
je short dsh_@ ; skip black/erase line stage
;;; beep option